Nieuwe Kerk (Delft)

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West tower of the Nieuwe Kerk
Floor plan of the Nieuwe Kerk
Delft with the Nieuwe Kerk

The Nieuwe Kerk ( German  New Church ) is on the market square of Delft ( Zuid-Holland ) opposite the town hall. It is one of the largest churches in the Netherlands and a work of brick Gothic. The west tower is 109 meters high, the second highest in the country, but its upper floors are made of ashlar . The Nieuwe Kerk is the grave church of the Dutch royal family ; 45 members of the dynasty are buried here.

Building history

The church was founded in 1351 under the rule of Albrecht I of Bavaria , Duke of Straubing-Holland , and was consecrated to Saints Maria and Ursula . It was the second parish church in the city after what is now known as the Oude Kerk (Old Church) and was therefore given the name Nieuwe Kerk . In the course of the Reformation, the Nieuwe Kerk was transferred to the Dutch Reformed Church in 1572 .

The first church was a wooden makeshift building, around which a large late Gothic basilica was built from 1396 . After completion of the transept , the wooden church was dismantled. With the completion of the west tower on September 6, 1496, the church was completed after exactly 100 years of construction.

On May 3, 1536, a lightning strike in the west tower caused a major fire in the city, in which the church was badly damaged and parts of the city were also destroyed. The rebuilt spire was also destroyed by a lightning strike in 1872. Then the current spire was built, through which the west tower reaches a height of almost 109 meters. In the Netherlands, only the Utrecht Cathedral has an even higher tower. The 36 bells in the west tower date from 1660.

As is usual in Calvinist houses of worship, the interior of the church is kept simple. Most of the furnishings were destroyed in an iconoclasm in 1566, the stained glass windows in the town fire in 1536, their successors in the explosion of the Delft Powder Tower on October 12, 1654. Today's third generation of painted glass windows date from 1927–1936.

organ

The organ was built in 1839 by the organ builder Jonathan Bätz from Utrecht . The instrument has 48  registers on three manuals and a pedal .

Hauptwerk C–
Prestant 16 ′
Bourdon 16 ′
Octaaf 8th'
Roerfluit 8th'
Octaaf 4 ′
Gemshoorn 4 ′
Quint 3 ′
Octaaf 2 ′
Mixture IV-VIII
Scherp VI
Cornet V 8th'
Bassoon 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
Trumpet 4 ′
Upper structure C–
Prestant 8th'
Holpijp 8th'
Viola di gamba 8th'
Quintads 8th'
Salicionaal 4 ′
Open fluit 4 ′
Roerquint 3 ′
Woudfluit 2 ′
Flageolet 1'
Trumpet 8th'
Vox Humana 8th'
Tremulant
Rückpositiv C–
Prestant 8th'
Holpijp 8th'
Quintads 8th'
Octaaf 4 ′
Roerfluit 4 ′
Quint 3 ′
Octaaf 2 ′
Mixture IV-VI
Sexquialter II
Cornet IV
Trumpet 8th'
Dulciaan 8th'
Tremulant
Pedals C–
Prestant 16 ′
Subbas 16 ′
Octaaf 8th'
Fluitbas 8th'
Roerquint 6 ′
Octaaf 4 ′
Ruispijp V
Bazuin 16 ′
Trombones 8th'
Trumpet 4 ′
zinc 2 ′

Sepulcher of the House of Orange-Nassau

The New Church became the burial place of the Orange people through a historical accident. Prince Wilhelm of Orange , the leader of the Dutch resistance against the Spaniards, stayed only briefly in Delft, but was murdered on July 10, 1584 in the prince's court there . The traditional burial place of the Orange people in Breda was still in Spanish hands, which is why the prince was buried in Delft. Since Wilhelm is considered the founder of the Dutch nation and the kings are derived from him to this day, Delft was retained as the burial place of the royal family. However, some Orange people were buried in other places, including Wilhelm's eldest son Philipp Wilhelm (in Diest ) and Wilhelm III. of Orange , who was buried with his wife Mary as King and Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland in London's Westminster Abbey. The grave of the direct ancestor of the Dutch and several other kings, Johann Wilhelm Friso von Nassau-Dietz , is located in the Grote of Jacobijnerkerk in Leeuwarden , as the members of the Frisian branch of the Nassau family were buried there from the end of the 16th century.

Wilhelm's grand grave is located in the choir of the New Church. In the old crypt below, next to some children's coffins, there are the coffins of Wilhelm, his last wife, their son Friedrich Heinrich and his family, as well as Moritz , whose prince title had passed to his half-brother. The coffins of the Orange people who died later are in the new grave cellar. The most recent funerals took place in 2002 ( Prince Claus ) and 2004 ( Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard ).

Members of the royal family are buried in the Nieuwen Kerk

Floor plan of the old and new grave cellar
Name (regents in bold ) born    died    buried   
1. Prince William of Orange 04/24/1533    07/10/1584    08/03/1584   
2. Louise de Coligny , fourth wife of Prince Wilhelm 23.09.1555 11/13/1620 05/24/1621
3. Ludwig, Prince of Bohemia, son of Elector Friedrich V of the Palatinate 1623 1623 unknown
4. Prince Moritz of Nassau 11/13/1567 04/23/1625 09/26/1625
5. Henriette Amalia, daughter of Prince Frederik Hendrik 10/26/1628 ??. 12.1628 unknown
6. Elisabeth von Oranien-Nassau , daughter of Prince Friedrich Heinrich 08/04/1630 08/04/1630 08/18/1630
7. Heinrich Ludwig, son of Prince Frederik Hendrik 11/30/1639 12/29/1639 unknown
8. Isabella Charlotte, daughter of Prince Friedrich Heinrich 04/28/1632 ??. 04.1642 unknown
9. Prince Friedrich Heinrich 01/29/1584 03/14/1647 05/10/1647
10. Katharina Belgica , daughter of Prince Wilhelm 07/31/1578 04/12/1648 05/05/1648
11. Amalie von Solms-Braunfels , wife of Prince Friedrich Heinrich 08/31/1602 09/08/1675 12/21/1675
12. Prince Wilhelm II. 05/27/1626 11/06/1650 03/08/1651
13. Stillborn daughter of Prince Wilhelm IV. 12/19/1736 12/19/1736 12/22/1736
14. Prince Wilhelm IV. 09/01/1711 10/22/1751 02/04/1752
15. Anna of Hanover , wife of Prince Wilhelm IV. 11/02/1709 01/12/1759 02/23/1759
16. George, son of Karl Christian von Nassau-Weilburg 12/18/1760 05/27/1762 07/01/1762
17. Stillborn daughter of Karl Christian, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg 10/15/1767 10/15/1767 10/24/1767
18th son of Prince Wilhelm V. 03/23/1769 03/24/1769 03/28/1769
19. Wilhelm Georg Friedrich , son of Prince Wilhelm V. 02/15/1774 01/06/1799 07/03/1896
20. Wilhelmina Friederika Paulina, daughter of King Wilhelm I. 01.03.1800 12/22/1806 04/07/1911
21. Prince Wilhelm V. 03/08/1748 04/09/1806 04/29/1958
22. Friederika Louise Wilhelmina, daughter of Prince Wilhelm V. 11/28/1770 10/15/1819 10/28/1819
23. Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine of Prussia , wife of Prince Wilhelm V. 08/07/1751 06/09/1820 11/27/1822
24. Ernst Casimir, son of King Wilhelm II. 05/21/1822 10/22/1822 05/11/1860
25. Wilhelm Friedrich Karl , son of Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Karl 07/06/1833 11/01/1834 05/11/1834
26. Friederike Louise Wilhelmine of Prussia , wife of King Wilhelm I. 11/18/1774 10/12/1837 10/26/1837
27 King William I 08/24/1772 12/12/1843 01/02/1844
28. Frederik , son of Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Karl 08/22/1836 01/23/1846 01/28/1846
29. Alexander , son of King Wilhelm II. 08/02/1818 02/20/1848 04/21/1848
30. King Wilhelm II. 12/06/1792 03/17/1849 04/04/1849
31. Wilhelm Friedrich Moritz Alexander Heinrich Karl, son of King Wilhelm III. 09/15/1843 06/04/1850 06/10/1850
32. Anna Paulowna , wife of King Wilhelm II. 01/18/1795 03/01/1865 03/17/1865
33. Louise Augusta Wilhelmina Amalie of Prussia , wife of Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Karl 02/01/1808 December 06, 1870 December 21, 1870
34. Amalia von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach , wife of Prince Heinrich 05/20/1830 05/01/1872 05/17/1872
35. Sophie von Württemberg , wife of King Wilhelm III. 06/17/1818 06/03/1877 06/20/1877
36. Heinrich , son of King Wilhelm II. 06/13/1820 01/13/1879 01/25/1879
37. Wilhelm Nikolaus Alexander Friedrich Karl Heinrich , son of King Wilhelm III. 09/04/1840 06/11/1879 06/26/1879
38.Wilhelm Friedrich Karl , son of King Wilhelm I. 02/28/1797 09/08/1881 09/23/1881
39. Wilhelm Alexander Karl Heinrich Friedrich, son of King Wilhelm III. 08/25/1851 06/21/1884 07/17/1884
40. King Wilhelm III. 02/19/1817 11/23/1890 December 4th, 1890
41. Emma zu Waldeck and Pyrmont , regent, wife of King Wilhelm III. 08/02/1858 03/20/1934 03/27/1934
42. Heinrich von Mecklenburg-Schwerin , husband of Queen Wilhelmina 04/19/1876 07/03/1934 07/11/1934
43. Queen Wilhelmina 08/31/1880 11/28/1962 December 8, 1962
44. Claus von Amsberg , husband of Queen Beatrix 09/06/1926 10/06/2002 10/15/2002
45. Queen Juliana 04/30/1909 03/20/2004 03/30/2004
46. Bernhard zur Lippe-Biesterfeld , husband of Queen Juliana 06/29/1911 12/01/2004 12/11/2004

See also

Web links

Commons : Nieuwe Kerk  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bätz organ Nieuwe kerk at www.kerkconcertendelft.nl
  2. ^ René ten Dam: Delft - Overzicht van de grafkelder van Oranje-Nassau in de Nieuwe Kerk. on dodenakkers.nl ( Memento of the original from February 26, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on February 25, 2018 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dodenakkers.nl

Coordinates: 52 ° 0 '44.1 "  N , 4 ° 21' 38.4"  E