Nikita Wladimirowitsch Bogoslowski

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Nikita Wladimirowitsch Bogoslowski ( Russian: Никита Владимирович Богословский , scientific transliteration Nikita Vladimirovič Bogoslovskij ; * 9 May July / 22 May  1913 greg. In Saint Petersburg , Russian Empire ; †  April 4, 2004 in Moscow , Russia ) was a Russian Empire Soviet composer , conductor , pianist , music publicist , author and humorist .

Life

Bogoslowski, son of a noble family, learned from his mother the songs of Alexander Wertinski at an early age and took private lessons from Alexander Glasunow as a pupil in 1927/28 . At the age of 15 he wrote his first musical comedy, which premiered in Leningrad in 1929. In the same year he studied composition with Gawriil Popow at the Musiktechnikum . From 1930 to 1934 he studied composition with Pyotr Ryazanov and music theory with Maximilian Steinberg , Christofor Kuschnarjow and Vladimir Shcherbachev as an external student at the Leningrad Conservatory .

In 1934, Bogoslowski's family, who had lost their estates in the provinces of Novgorod and Tambov in the course of the 1917 revolution, were exiled to Syktyvkar and then to Kazan during the Great Terror under Stalin . The 21-year-old Bogoslowski remained unmolested in Leningrad.

He started a career as a film composer . He wrote his first film music in 1937 for the strip Treasure Island [О́стров сокро́вищ]. Above all, the songs from these film scores, composed in the light genre of Estrada music, achieved a high level of awareness. He achieved early successes in the run-up to and during World War II with songs for films such as Fighter Planes [Истребители] (1939) and Two Soldiers [Два бойца] (1943). His most popular songs included Beloved City [Любимый город] (1939), Dark Mounds are Sleeping [Спят курганы тёмные] (1940), Dark Night [Тёмная ночь] (1942), Boats Full of Mullets [Шалелы] (1942) , Lisaveta [Лизавета] (1942) and I Dreamed of You for Three Years [Три года ты мне снилась] (1946). When Winston Churchill heard the song Dark Night , sung by Ivan Koslowski , during a stay in Moscow in 1943, he was so enthusiastic that he had a hundred records sent to Great Britain. In addition, Bogoslowski regularly gave concerts for soldiers at the front and for the wounded in hospitals during the war. At times he worked in the Kiev film studios and was temporarily evacuated to Tashkent after the German Wehrmacht invaded the Soviet Union .

Well-known interpreters such as Mark Bernes , Leonid Utjossow and Sergei Lemeschew spread Bogoslowski's songs on. Many of the songs, which were later made independently of the cinema, gained a popularity that lasted even in post-Soviet times. Wladislaw Kasenin, a colleague of Bogoslowski, summed up: "His songs represent the history of our country."

Nevertheless, Bogoslowski was also targeted by censors in 1948 in the course of Andrei Zhdanov's criminal campaign against unpopular artists. Some of his songs were accused of orienting themselves in tone to Odessa's rogue milieu instead of the official Soviet morality and aesthetics. This did not affect their spread, but it was not until the thaw after Stalin that this verdict was lifted.

In the 1960s to 1980s, Bogoslowski gave hundreds of concerts in front of sold-out houses across the country and performed as a conductor abroad. In the Soviet Union, despite his famous humorous skits and his sometimes bad jokes, he enjoyed a kind of fool's freedom and was often a guest on TV shows, which earned him the unofficial title "The King of Gags".

In order to be able to devote himself entirely to composing, he avoided official positions. In his work there are also songs close to the regime, such as Lenin in each of us , and in an article in 1964, in keeping with the prevailing ideology, he mocked the hype surrounding the Beatles . Nevertheless, he was never a party member and led a life that was unusual by Soviet standards and not averse to luxury and fast cars. In 1965 he became vice-president of the Society for Soviet-French Relations. In this capacity he traveled frequently to Paris and was friends with Jean Marais , Yves Montand , Simone Signoret and Jean Gabin . In addition, he was u. a. from 1976 to 1980 member of the board of the composers 'association and from 1981 to 1985 board member of the cinematographers' union of the USSR.

He died in April 2004 and was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

Create

Bogoslowski was very active. Above all, he was known as a composer of the light genre, he created around 300 songs, 17 operettas and musical comedies, around 80 theater and 120 film scores, such as Die Drei Holzfäller (1959) or Reiter ohne Kopf (1973). Stylistically, he processed influences from various directions in his songs, merging elements from American jazz , French chansons , English ballads and different urban regions of Russia. He also composed in classical genres, wrote 8 symphonies, other orchestral works, 3 operas and musical dramas based on texts by Alexander Blok and Isaak Babel , a ballet, an oratorio, choral and chamber music, including 2 string quartets.

He also worked as a music journalist, published numerous professional articles and reviews. In addition, he was the author of several humorous books, u. a. the successful Notes on the Brims of a Hat [Заметки на полях шляпы и кое-что еще] (1997), and wrote comedic plays and satires. Bogoslowski achieved additional fame through his radio and TV presence.

Others

  • After he had been publicly denounced in 1936, Dmitri Shostakovich had to present his 5th symphony in 1937 to an examining committee in a four-handed piano version - Bogoslowski was his keyboard partner. The hearing was positive, the symphony was allowed to be performed.
  • In 1998 a commemorative plaque was placed in honor of Bogoslowski on Moscow's Sternplatz, a kind of walk of fame for Russian pop culture.

Awards

literature

Web links

annotation

  1. ↑ Most of the sources, especially the Russian ones, give April 4, 2004 as the date of death. New Grove, MGG and a few others name April 3rd.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Vera Ivanova, Mikhail Manykin: Nikita Bogoslovsky. In: russia-ic.com. (English).
  2. ↑ Bogoslowski, Nikita Wladimirowitsch in: belcantofund (Russian)
  3. ↑ a b c Marina Lobanova:  Bogoslovskij, Nikita Vladimirovič. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 3 (Bjelinski - Calzabigi). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2000, ISBN 3-7618-1113-6  ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
  4. ↑ a b c d Nikita Bogoslowski on: kino-teatr (Russian)
  5. ↑ a b c d e Marina Nest′yeva:  Bogoslovsky, Nikita Vladimirovich. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g Jelena Daniljewitsch: Трагедия баловня. Почему Никита Богословский постоянно шутил с судьбой. In: Argumenty i facty . May 22, 2016 (Russian).;
  7. ↑ Nikita Bogoslovsky, 90; Russian Composer of Scores for Films, Shows. In: Los Angeles Times . April 5, 2004 (English).;
  8. ↑ Boris Yoffe : In the flow of the symphonic . Wolke, Hofheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-95593-059-2 , pp. 167, 515 .
  9. ↑ a b Steve Shelokhonov: Nikita Bogoslovskiy in the Internet Movie Database (English)
  10. ↑ Lenin Song in: notarhiv (Russian)
  11. ↑ Article about the Beatles 1964 on: Rickenbacker Register (Russian, English)
  12. ↑ Boris Barabanow: 90 years without wings and party book. In: Kommersant . April 14, 2004 (Russian).;
  13. ^ Krzysztof Meyer : Schostakowitsch. His life, his work, his time . Gustav Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1995, ISBN 3-7857-0772-X , p. 242 .
  14. ↑ (3710) Bogoslovskij in: Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (English)
personal data
SURNAME Bogoslowski, Nikita Wladimirowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Богословский, Никита Владимирович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian composer, conductor, music publicist and author
DATE OF BIRTH May 22, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH April 4, 2004
Place of death Moscow