Ogrodzieniec (Kisielice)
| Ogrodzieniec | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Iława | ||
| Gmina : | Kisielice | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 36 ′ N , 19 ° 19 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 350 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 55 | ||
| License plate : | NILE | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Grudziądz - Ostróda | ||
| Next international airport : | Gdansk Airport | ||
Ogrodzieniec [ ɔgrɔˈdʑɛɲɛts ] ( German Neudeck ) is a village with 300 inhabitants in the municipality of Kisielice in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . The place is in the district of Iława , near the road from Iława (German Eylau) to Kisielice (Freystadt in West Prussia) .
Neudeck became known as the rural residence of Reich President Paul von Hindenburg , who died here on August 2, 1934.
history
The name "Neudeck" was probably the pruzzischen derived "Nejdekai". The village was founded around 1320 by a noble locator named Albrecht, who received the foundation privilege from the Chapter of Pomesania . In the war between the Polish king Casimir IV and the Teutonic Order , the village was completely destroyed in 1444 and in 1543 only housed two farmers. After the Peace of Thorn it remained with the Order.
The Neudeck estate had been owned by the Hindenburg family since 1755. The founder of the Hindenburg estates was Colonel Otto Friedrich von Hindenburg († January 10, 1765), who came from a noble family in Western Pomerania , which later spread to Neumark . The childless Otto Friedrich von Hindenburg was inherited by his sisters Sophie and Barbara. In 1772 the area of East Prussia came to the newly established province of West Prussia . After Barbara's death in 1778, Neudeck passed to her grandson Otto Gottfried von Beneckendorff , the great-grandfather of the later Reich President - on the condition that the heir also take over the name and coat of arms of von Hindenburg. This was approved by King Friedrich Wilhelm II on January 2, 1789 and the members of the family have since carried the double names of von Beneckendorff and von Hindenburg. Around this time Otto Gottfried built the old mansion of Neudeck, a two-story building with six attics on the upper floor.
After Otto Gottfried's death in 1827, his son Otto Ludwig inherited the estate. This converted Neudeck into a majorat , which he bequeathed to the eldest of his four sons, Albert. The other three brothers, including the youngest, Robert, who later became Paul von Hindenburg's father, embarked on a career as an officer in the Prussian army. In 1830 Albert married a wealthy heiress from the Eylau area, Lina von Polenz auf Langenau . After the two of them died, Langenau went to her son Günther and Neudeck to their daughter Lina. She married Paul von Hindenburg's brother Otto Ludwig († 1908). Paul von Hindenburg liked to stay in Neudeck, where his parents and grandparents were buried. After the death of her husband, Lina was the sole owner of Neudeck.
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Marienwerder voting area , to which Neudeck belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus Germany) or join Poland. In Neudeck, 139 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not receive any votes. Due to the cession of West Prussia after the Treaty of Versailles returned Neudeck to East Prussia back and was since 1920 in the municipality Heinrichau, Kreis Rosenberg in the administrative district of West Prussia near the border with Poland.
On the occasion of the 80th birthday of Reich President Paul von Hindenburg in 1927, one of Neudeck's neighbors, the conservative politician Elard von Oldenburg-Januschau , organized a fundraising campaign (the Hindenburg pfennig) to buy the Neudeck estate and give it to the Reich President as a gift from the German people to hand over. The operation was successful and Paul von Hindenburg was allowed to take over the rule in 1928. In the next two years he had the manor house enlarged and expanded: the manor house built in 1928 in the Baroque style had two floors, a basement and an attic with mansards. Hindenburg stayed here when his personal presence in Berlin was not necessary, and many important meetings took place here that had a decisive influence on the fate of the German Empire .
Doubts about the regularity of the financing and the collection for the donation of Gut Neudeck culminated in the explosive Osthilf scandal in 1932/1933 .
After the seizure of power of Hitler in 1933 and the adjoining neighboring estate Neudeck Langenau was given together with the forestry Prussia forest the Reich President and the President received a tax exemption for his possession. The then tenant of Langenau, Paul Gerhard Goertz, was forced by the NSDAP to give up his lease contract, which ran until 1948, as well as the living inventory (without compensation and without the knowledge of the Reich President). This endowment is often seen as Hitler's thanks to Hindenburg for his tolerance of this seizure of power. After Hindenburg's death, his son Oskar von Hindenburg inherited Neudeck.
Margarete von Hindenburg , Oskar von Hindenburg's wife, led a trek with 150 estate and village residents, including evacuated children from the west, from January 1945 , fleeing the Red Army, successfully over the ice of the Vistula to Lower Saxony. The manor house was looted and set on fire by Soviet soldiers. Neudeck came to Poland in the same year . The ruin was removed around 1950.
literature
- Ernst Bahr : Neudeck . In Erich Weise (ed.): East and West Prussia . Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , p. 153
- Ernst Heinrich Kneschke , New General German Adels Lexicon , Volume I., Leipzig 1846, reprint, ISBN 3-487-04549-4 .
- Hans Graf von Lehndorff, East Prussian Diary. Notes by a doctor from 1945–1947 , Biederstein Verlag, Munich 1961 (pocket edition 2003 in Deutsches Taschenbuch Verlag), ISBN 3-423-30094-9 .
- Wolfgang Weßling, Hindenburg, Neudeck and the German economy. Facts and contexts of an "affair" . In: Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 64th Volume, Issue 1 (1977), pp. 41–73.
Web links
- Material on Gut Neudeck in the Duncker Collection of the Central and State Library Berlin (PDF; 225 kB)
Individual evidence
- ^ Herbert Marzian , Csaba János Kenéz : Self-determination for East Germany - A documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920 ; Editor: Göttingen Working Group , 1970, p. 120
- ^ Karl-Heinz Minuth (arr.), Files of the Reich Chancellery. The Hitler government. Part I 1933/34. Vol. 1 pp. 659-687 (here: p. 666 fn. 24).
- ↑ Law on the exemption of the Reich President von Hindenburg from Reich and state taxes for the Neudeck manor of August 27, 1933.