Opera casts at the Salzburg Festival from 1935 to 1937

Bruno Walter

Arturo Toscanini

The opera line-ups for the Salzburg Festival 1935 to 1937 include all new productions of the Salzburg Festival in the years 1935 to 1937, in which the festival was shaped by the conductors Arturo Toscanini and Bruno Walter . Both were convinced anti-National Socialists and positioned the festival as a place of internationality and humanity. This period ended with the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in March 1938. Toscanini then refused to return to Salzburg, Walter was forced to emigrate.

New productions

The years 1935 to 1937 were particularly successful for the Salzburg Festival. The number of festival tickets sold rose from 53% in 1934 to 89% in 1937. Every year Toscanini conducted Beethoven's freedom opera Fidelio and an elaborate new production, which every year caused fear and horror for those responsible in Salzburg due to its high costs. The choice of works was dictatorially made by him alone: ​​in 1935 he decided that he wanted to present Verdi's late work Falstaff . A taboo break and the first Verdi production in the history of the festival. In 1936 he positioned Salzburg with his new production of the Meistersinger von Nürnberg as anti-Bayreuth and insisted that Wagner's works belong to world culture and not to the National Socialists. (The Mastersingers were Hitler's favorite opera.) The later Festival President Josef Kaut criticized Toscanini's decision in the 1982 retrospective as “more of a political demonstration than an artistic one”. In 1937 he finally presented Mozart's central opera The Magic Flute , a production that was musically half-baked, but was received with high approval by the press and the public.

Bruno Walter was one of the few conductors who - despite the different styles - was highly valued by Toscanini. He also expanded the Salzburg repertoire and had already presented two Gluck operas there in 1930 and 1931 : Iphigénie en Aulide and Orfeo ed Euridice . In 1936 he conducted a new production of Gluck's Orpheus setting . Otherwise he concentrated on central works by Mozart, Don Giovanni , The Abduction from the Seraglio and Le nozze di Figaro . And he presented Wolf's Der Corregidor and Weber's Euryanthe for the first time in Salzburg , two seldom played works that fit well into the program. Regarding Wagner, Walter shared Toscanini's opinion and insisted on the resumption of the great love opera Tristan und Isolde in Salzburg with an excellent cast, led by Anny Konetzni and Josef Kalenberg .

1935

Orchestra, choir, conductor	Direction, set design, costumes	singers	Singer
The Abduction from the Seraglio by Johann Gottlieb Stephanie and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - August 12, 21 and 29
Vienna Philharmonic Vienna State Opera Choir Bruno Walter	Herbert Graf Oskar Strnad set design	Margherita Perras Konstanze Margit Bokor / Lotte Schöne Blondchen	Alfred Muzzarelli Bassa Selim Charles Kullmann Belmonte William Wernigk Pedrillo Berthold Sterneck / Ludwig Hofmann Osmin
Falstaff and Arrigo Boito and Giuseppe Verdi - July 29th, August 3rd, 17th and 26th
Vienna Philharmonic Vienna State Opera Choir Arturo Toscanini	Guido Salvini Robert Kautsky , Ladislaus Coppel Margarete Wallmann choreography	Maria Caniglia / Dusolina Giannini Mrs. Alice Ford Edith Mason Nannetta Angelica Cravcenco Mrs. Quickly Mita Vasari Mrs. Meg Page	Mariano Stabile Sir John Falstaff Piero Biasini Ford Dino Borgioli Fenton Angelo Badà Dr. Cajus Giuseppe Nessi Bardòlfo Fernando Autori Pistòla

1936

Orfeo ed Euridice by Ranieri de 'Calzabigi and Christoph Willibald Gluck - August 1st and 17th
Vienna Philharmonic Vienna State Opera Choir Bruno Walter	Margarete Wallmann Robert Kautsky , Ladislaus C among others	Kerstin Thorborg Orfeo Jarmila Novotná Euridice Margit Bokor Amor Dora Komarek Blessed Spirit
The Mastersingers of Nuremberg by Richard Wagner - August 8th, 14th, 18th and 22nd
Vienna Philharmonic Vienna State Opera Choir Arturo Toscanini	Herbert Count Robert Kautsky , Willi Bahner	Lotte Lehmann Eva Kerstin Thorborg Magdalena	Hans Hermann Nissen Hans Sachs Herbert Alsen Veit Pogner Georg Maikl Kunz Vogelsang Rolf Telasko Konrad Nachtigall Hermann Wiedemann Sixtus Beckmesser Viktor Madin Fritz Kothner Anton Dermota Balthasar Zorn Eduard Fritsch Ulrich Eißlinger Hermann Gallos Augustin Moser Alfred Muzzarelli Hermann Ortel Carl Bissuti Hans Karl Ettl Hans Foltz Charles Kullmann Walther von Stolzing Richard Sallaba David Wolf Daucha, Marie Eder, Ludwig Fleck, Josef Fruchter, Lucy Haupt, Martha Karl, Marie Langhans, Erich Majkut, Matthias Oswald, Hans Rosenberg, Oskar Schweiberer, Otto Zuzan Lehrbuben
The Corregidor by Rosa Mayreder and Hugo Wolf - August 11th and 21st
Vienna Philharmonic Vienna State Opera Choir Bruno Walter	Lothar Wallerstein Robert Kautsky , Ladislaus C among others	Kerstin Thorborg Donna Mercedes Jarmila Novotná Frasquita, wife of the miller Polly Batic Duenna, in the service of Corregidor Bella Paalen Manuela, maid of Juan Lopez	Gunnar Graarud Don Eugenio de Zuniga, Corregidor Carl Bissuti Juan Lopez, Alkalde William Wernigk Pedro, his secretary Nicola Zec Tonuelo, court messenger Ludwig Hofmann Repela, servant of the corregidor Alfred Jerger Tio Lukas, Müller Hermann Gallos A neighbor Alfred Muzzarelli A night watchman

1937

The Magic Flute by Emanuel Schikaneder and Wolfgang - July 30, August 7, 16 and 31
Vienna Philharmonic Vienna State Opera Choir Arturo Toscanini	Herbert Graf Hans Wildermann set design	Júlia Osváth Queen of the Night Jarmila Novotná Pamina Hilde Konetzni First Lady Stefania Fratnik Second Lady Kerstin Thorborg Third Lady Dora Komarek Papagena	Alexander Kipnis Sarastro Helge Roswaenge Tamino Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender Papageno Alfred Jerger Speaker Richard Sallaba Priest William Wernigk Monostatos Anton Dermota , Carl Bissuti Two armored Kurt Pech, Albert Feuhl, Fritz Mascha Three boys Hugo Lindinger, Harry Horner, Eduard Fritsch Three slaves
Le nozze di Figaro by Lorenzo Da Ponte and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - August 11th, 19th and 30th
Vienna Philharmonic Vienna State Opera Choir Bruno Walter	Lothar Wallerstein Alfred Roller Margarete Wallmann Choreography	Aulikki Rautawaara Contessa d'Almaviva Esther Réthy Susanna Angelica Cravcenco Marcellina Jarmila Novotná Cherubino Dora Komarek Barbarina Maria Kastl , Grete Zehetmayer Bridesmaids	Mariano Stabile Conte d'Almaviva Ezio Pinza Figaro William Wernigk Basilio Virgilio Lazzari Bartolo Viktor Madin Antonio Giuseppe Nessi Don Curzio
Euryanthe by Helmina von Chézy and Carl Maria von Weber - August 18th and 25th
Vienna Philharmonic Vienna State Opera Choir Bruno Walter	Lothar Wallerstein Clemens Holzmeister , Marielouise Luksch Margarete Wallmann , Willy Fränzl Choreography	Maria Reining Euryanthe by Svoyen Kerstin Thorborg Eglantine by Puiset Dora Komarek Bertha	Herbert Alsen King Ludwig VI Karl Friedrich Adolar, Count of Nevers Alexander Svéd Lysiart, Count of Forest Eduard Fritsch Rudolf, a feudal man

Resumptions

In addition to the new productions, the following productions were resumed between 1934 and 1937:

1935

• Così fan tutte , Dir. Felix von Weingartner - August 5th and 19th
• Don Giovanni , Dir. Bruno Walter - August 1st, 8th, 15th, 23rd and 28th
• Fidelio , Sub. Arturo Toscanini - August 7th, 14th, 24th and 31st
• Le nozze di Figaro , Dir. Felix von Weingartner - August 13th and 30th
• Der Rosenkavalier , Dir. Josef Krips - July 30th, August 9th and 27th
• Tristan and Isolde , Dir. Bruno Walter - July 27th

1936

• Così fan tutte , Dir. Felix von Weingartner - July 29th and August 25th
• Don Giovanni , Dir. Bruno Walter - July 28th, August 4th, 13th and 24th
• Falstaff , Sub. Arturo Toscanini - July 31, August 10, 20 and 26
• Fidelio , Sub. Arturo Toscanini - July 25, August 5, 16 and 31
• Le nozze di Figaro , Dir. Felix von Weingartner - July 27th and August 29th
• Tristan and Isolde , Dir. Bruno Walter - August 27th

1937

• Don Giovanni , Dir. Bruno Walter - August 2nd, 13th and 28th
• Elektra , Sub. Hans Knappertsbusch - August 8th and 22nd
• Falstaff , Sub. Arturo Toscanini - July 26th, August 9th and 23rd
• Fidelio , Sub. Arturo Toscanini - August 24th and 26th
• The Mastersingers of Nuremberg , Dir. Arturo Toscanini - August 5th, 12th and 20th
• Orfeo ed Euridice , Dir. Bruno Walter - July 31st and August 14th
• Der Rosenkavalier , Dir. Hans Knappertsbusch - July 27th, August 6th and 24th

See also

• Opera productions of the Salzburg Festival

source

• Josef Kaut : The Salzburg Festival 1920-1981, With a list of the works listed and the artists of the theater and music by Hans Jaklitsch . Residenz Verlag, Salzburg 1982, ISBN 3-7017-0308-6 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Toscanini's decision turned out to be suitable for the Salzburg program in retrospect. Falstaff became a Salzburg classic, conducted in 1957 and 1981/82 by Herbert von Karajan , 1993 by Sir Georg Solti , 2001 by Lorin Maazel and 2013 by Zubin Mehta .
2. ↑ Josef Kaut: The Salzburg Festival 1920-1981 , With a list of the works listed and the artists of the theater and music by Hans Jaklitsch. Salzburg: Residenz Verlag 1982. ISBN 3-7017-0308-6 . P. 44.
3. ↑ Stephen Gallup: The history of the Salzburg Festival , Vienna: Orac 1989, ISBN 3-7015-0164-5 , pp. 124–154 (chapter: The glorious Toscanini).
4. ^ Robert Kriechbaumer: Between Austria and Greater Germany. A political history of the Salzburg Festival 1933–1944. Vienna: Böhlau 2013, ISBN 978-3-205-78941-3 , in particular pp. 77–79, 125–136, 142–144, 257–262.