Ostorf
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Ostorf
City of Schwerin
Coordinates: 53 ° 37 ′ 0 ″ N , 11 ° 25 ′ 5 ″ E
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| Area : | 6.8 km² |
| Residents : | 2521 (Sep. 30, 2017) |
| Population density : | 371 inhabitants / km² |
| Postcodes : | 19053, 19061 |
| Area code : | 0385 |
 Location of the Ostorf district in Schwerin
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Ostorf is a district of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania state capital Schwerin between Ostorfer See and Schweriner See . It largely encloses the Lazy Lake .
One of the oldest known settlements in Schwerin is located in the area of the district. Since the Middle Ages there have been attempts to incorporate the then independent village into Schwerin. However, this only finally took place between 1912 and 1928.
Subdivision of the district
Traditionally, the district is divided into:
- Ostorf peninsula (today in the vernacular often called "the Krösnitz" after a sub-area),
- Ostorfer Berg (today: Johannes-Stelling- Strasse and side streets),
- Ostorfer Hals (area between the Faulen See and Schweriner See, popularly known today as the "Schlossgartenviertel").
The castle garden also belongs to Ostorf, but not the castle island with the Schwerin castle .
In earlier times, Ostorf also had the "Ostorfer Feld", on which the Gartenstadt and Großer Dreesch districts were built in the 20th century .
history
Surname
The first documentary mention from 1282 mentions Ostorf as Osestorp . It is mostly assumed that the name comes from the Lower Saxon ors = horse and explains the naming with the fact that horses were kept there ( horse village ). There is no evidence of horse breeding in this area.
The proper name may also come from the Slavic word Ostrow = peninsula or from the proper name of a resident.
Earlier settlement
There was a Stone Age settlement on the Ostorf peninsula. The residents of that time buried their dead partly on the island of Tannenwerder (popularly: island of the dead ) in the Ostorfer See ( see Schwerin-Ostorf flat grave field ). More recent analyzes of the bones found there show that the residents essentially lived on fishing. Further finds show that the Ostorf peninsula has been inhabited for long periods of time, possibly even continuously.
When it was first mentioned in 1282, there was a small village on the Ostorf peninsula that was under the control of the Count of Schwerin . A Dominialhof was built in the vicinity to supply the Schwerin residence, which was preserved until the 19th century.
Count Helmold II donated the village to the city of Schwerin in 1282, with the exception of Ostorfer Hals. Over several centuries, however, Schwerin's claim to power on the Ostorf area was lost, so that it gradually returned to Dominial administration by the 17th century.
The village of Ostorf remained comparatively small until well into the 19th century. Its inhabitants lived mainly from fishing and agriculture.
There were always disputes with neighboring Schwerin, for example over the border between Ostorf and Zippendorf on the Ostorfer Feld. Conflicts between Ostorfer and Schwerin fishermen are also said to have arisen in the area of fishing.
In 1638 the village of Ostorf was largely destroyed in the Thirty Years War . In 1639 the place is said to have been "deserted". The remaining area of today's Ostorf was not populated at that time, apart from a few small settlement centers.
At the end of the 18th century, fishing as the main occupation of the residents of the village of Ostorf had to be given up because the lakes they managed were overfished.
From the 19th century
As part of the city's expansion, the first representative residential buildings were built on the Ostorfer Hals from 1828. From the middle of the 19th century barracks for the artillery were built on Ostorfer Berg, not least because it was from here that Schwerin Castle could be defended against possible uprisings.
In 1874, the dominial property and the village of Ostorf with its lands were combined to form the municipality of Ostorf.
From the end of the 19th century, the actual expansion of the city of Schwerin on Ostorfer soil led to a lasting change in the population. In 1900, agricultural professions still dominated household heads with around 30 percent, but by 1930 their share fell to around 2 percent. Conversely, the number of public employees and civil servants rose from around 10 to 40 percent in the same period.
The increased efforts of wealthy Schwerin citizens towards the end of the 19th century to build villas on Ostorfer Grund led to violent conflicts between the Ostorf community and the city of Schwerin. This feared the emigration of their most taxable citizens and initially unsuccessfully demanded that Ostorf be incorporated into Schwerin.
During the construction of the Ostorfer villa colony on the outskirts of Schwerin, this conflict escalated because the city refused to connect the buildings there to the urban water and sewage system. The wastewater then flowing into the lakes and the lack of drinking water in the new buildings ultimately led to this area and the Ostorfer Hals being incorporated into Schwerin in 1912.
The planned construction of a garden city on Ostorfer Grund also only succeeded when this part of Ostorf was incorporated into Schwerin in 1921. In the 1920s, the Ostorfer Hals in particular developed into a popular residential area for wealthy Schwerin residents. Due to this factual city expansion for Schwerin, the rest of the Ostorf community was incorporated into Schwerin in 1928.
During the Third Reich, there were considerable changes on the Ostorf peninsula due to embankments and the creation of roads as well as a tournament area. The construction of a bypass road across the peninsula in the direction of Obotritenring was abandoned.
Further residential developments also developed on the Ostorfer Hals. Here was u. a. at the instigation of the then Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt, the so-called "Gauleiter settlement" for leading figures of the Nazi regime.
At the end of the Second World War, large parts of Ostorf's villa districts were requisitioned by the Soviet army and only released again after several years.
During the GDR era, there were initially comparatively minor changes in the Ostorfer area. With the city expansion to the east at the beginning of the 1970s, Ostorf also changed with the expansion of the existing and new construction of traffic routes including the construction of a tram connection in the direction of Großer Dreesch . With this, Ostorf moved from a suburban location to the city center.
Today the district is shaped as follows:
- The Ostorf peninsula has seen a number of new buildings since the fall of the Wall, but due to its small size it does not play an essential role in the cityscape.
- The barracks on Johannes-Stelling-Straße des Ostorfer Berg are now used by various authorities. Here is u. a. the new building of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library , the Schwerin tax office and the Schwerin city archive .
- As the so-called Schlossgartenviertel, the Ostorfer Hals has established itself over the last few decades as a particularly high-quality residential area, in which, in addition to the partly listed old buildings, a number of high-quality new buildings have been built. The North German Broadcasting Corporation has also built its state broadcasting center here.
Attractions
- Schwerin grinding mill
- Schwerin Castle Garden
- Schlossgartenviertel and Schloßgartenallee with a large number of representative buildings and monuments
- Old artillery barracks from 1862, today Schwerin Tax Office
- New artillery barracks from 1899, today u. a. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library
- Officer's mess from 1900, today an administration building
traffic
Ostorf is crossed by several tram and bus lines, with which the city center of Schwerin can be reached in a few minutes.
The main streets are Johannes-Stelling-Straße , Ludwigsluster Chaussee and Schloßgartenallee .
Personalities
The painter Carl Malchin lived in the village of Ostorf from 1903 until his death in 1923. Motifs from the place and the environment can be found in abundance in later work.
Web links
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- Bernd Kasten, Jens-Uwe Rost: Schwerin, history of the city. Thomas Helms Verlag Schwerin
- Hans-Friedrich Wollkopf, development tendencies of rural settlements in the vicinity of the city of Schwerin up to their incorporation, unprinted diploma thesis, city archive Schwerin