Otto Hebold

Otto Hebold (born July 27, 1896 in Berlin ; † January 4, 1975 in Bautzen ) was a German psychiatrist and involved in euthanasia crimes as a T4 expert at the time of National Socialism .

Life

Otto Hebold, son of the same-named director of the municipal sanatorium and nursing home in Berlin-Wuhlgarten , initially went to the school department of his father's institution, then to elementary school in Biesdorf and from 1906 attended the grammar school at the Gray Monastery in Berlin. He was called up for military service before the end of his high school career during the First World War after taking the emergency examination for the upper prima in 1915. After military training and deployment in Hungary and France, he was captured in Verdun. After the end of the war, Hebold was awarded the Abitur . After returning home in 1920, Hebold studied medicine at the universities of Berlin and Rostock , which he interrupted for economic reasons after the preliminary medical examination in 1922. After he had resumed medical studies in Rostock and Berlin after completing an apprenticeship at a bank, graduating with the state examination in 1926 and working as a medical intern at the Karolinenstift regional hospital in Neustrelitz, he received his medical license in 1927 . Hebold received his doctorate in 1928 at the University of Rostock with the dissertation : On the results of X-ray treatment for bone and joint tuberculosis from the Surgical University Clinic in Rostock (1919-1924) to Dr. med. He then worked as an assistant doctor in Wolfenbüttel and at the Brandenburg sanatorium and nursing home in Eberswalde, as well as in the state institution in Teupitz , where he became a senior physician.

time of the nationalsocialism

Hebold joined the NSDAP in April 1933 . In the autumn of 1933 he became a member of the SA and was there medical assault leader of the SA reserve, from 1935 sub-doctor and later assistant doctor of the reserve. Hebold was promoted to senior physician in the Eberswalde asylum in 1936, where he was involved in the implementation of compulsory sterilizations . After further military service in 1939, from January 1940 he worked as a doctor in the Berlin-Buch reserve hospital, which was affiliated with the clinic of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute .

In April 1940 he was recruited by the "Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft für Heil- und Pflegeenstalten" as a T4 expert and from May 8, 1940 to April 1943 he was a T4 expert and selection doctor at the T4 central office . Hebold worked from 1943 as senior physician and deputy director in the Eberswalde institution and from April 1944 in the Brandenburg-Görden military hospital (neurological-psychiatric department).

After the end of the war

After the end of the war, Hebold worked as a general practitioner in the GDR from 1945 , initially in Schmetzdort and from 1952 in Lückstedt . He became a member of the FDGB in 1946 and the NDPD in 1951 . From May 1954, Hebold headed the rural outpatient clinic in Falkenberg ( Cottbus district ) and was appointed medical councilor in 1962. In the course of an investigation into Dietrich Allers , the former managing director of the "euthanasia" center T4 , Hebold was questioned in Magdeburg in 1948 . However, Hebold himself was not initially targeted by the investigation. In the course of West German proceedings, indications of Hebold's involvement in the euthanasia crimes became apparent, which were confirmed on February 8, 1964 by a request for legal assistance from the Hessian public prosecutor's office. After Hebold had been investigated ( MfS , Hauptabteilung V / I - code name Teufel ), he was arrested by the MfS on March 24, 1964 and then charged with crimes against humanity before the Cottbus District Court. The subject matter of the proceedings included participation in the T4 campaign through the assessment of around 6,000 registration forms sent and a further 25,000 patients from sanatoriums and nursing homes in the Reich. Hebold was also accused of participating in gassings in the Bernburg and Sonnenstein killing centers . In addition, his participation in the selection of “mentally ill” prisoners in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp as part of Action 14f13 was the subject of the proceedings. Furthermore, Hebold was charged with executing resistance fighters in the Brandenburg prison because of his work as an enforcement doctor. For these crimes, Hebold was sentenced to life in prison on July 12, 1965 . Hebold was imprisoned in Bautzen prison, where he temporarily shared a cell with Adolf-Henning Frucht and died at the beginning of January 1975 in the Bautzen prison hospital.

literature

• Frank Hirschinger : "Approved for extermination". Halle and the Altscherbitz State Hospital 1933–1945 . Böhlau, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-412-06901-9 .
• Joachim Stephan Hohmann , Günther Wieland : MfS operative process "devil". Euthanasia doctor Otto Hebold in court. Metropol Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-926893-07-9 .
• Ute Hoffmann, Dietmar Schulze: "... will be moved to another institution today". National Socialist forced sterilization and "euthanasia" in the state sanatorium and nursing home in Bernburg. A documentation . Dessau 1997, sachsen-anhalt.de (PDF; 1.03 MB)
• Ernst Klee : The personal lexicon for the Third Reich: Who was what before and after 1945. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 3-596-16048-0 .
• Ernst Klee: "Euthanasia" in the Nazi state. The "destruction of life unworthy of life" . S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1983, ISBN 3-10-039303-1 .
• Ernst Klee: What they did - what they became. Doctors, lawyers and others involved in the murder of the sick or Jews . 12 edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-596-24364-5 .
• Henry Leide: Nazi Criminals and State Security - The GDR's Secret Past Policy . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-525-35018-X .
• Andreas Mettenleiter : Testimonials, memories, diaries and letters from German-speaking doctors. Supplements and supplements II (A – H). In: Würzburg medical history reports. 21, 2002, pp. 490-518; P. 513 ( Hebold, Otto Heinrich Moritz )

Web links

• Literature by and about Otto Hebold in the catalog of the German National Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ See handwritten entry by Otto Hebold , lf. No. 190 in the register of the University of Rostock: 1923 WS - 1928 WS
2. ↑ Registration of Otto Hebold in the Rostock matriculation portal
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Ute Hoffmann, Dietmar Schulze: "... will be moved to another institution today" . Dessau 1997, p. 78 f.
4. ↑ See entry at the German National Library .
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Andreas Mettenleiter: Testimonials, memories, diaries and letters from German-speaking doctors. Supplements and supplements II (A – H). In: Würzburg medical history reports. 21, 2002, pp. 490-518; P. 513 ( Hebold, Otto Heinrich Moritz )
6. ^ ^{A b} Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich: Who was what before and after 1945. Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 234 f.
7. ^ ^{A b} Frank Hirschinger: "Approved for extermination". Halle and the Altscherbitz State Hospital 1933–1945 . Cologne 2001, p. 226
8. ^ Henry Leide: Nazi Criminals and State Security . Göttingen 2005, p. 337f.
9. ↑ Nazi crimes and judicial crimes (Ref .: 1Bs13 / 65 IA39 / 64 - Otto Haubold proceedings) ( Memento of the original from August 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
10. ↑ Poison clouds - all hell would be going on there . In: Der Spiegel . No. 27 , 1978, p. 122 ( online ).