Otto Carpenter

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Otto Carpenter

Otto Tischler (born July 24, 1843 in Breslau ; † June 18, 1891 in Königsberg i. Pr. ) Was a German prehistoric scientist .

Live and act

Otto Tischler was born as the eldest of three sons of the building inspector Friedrich Alexander Tischler (1805–1864) and Emilie Frederica Bertha, nee. Born cherished . His brother was the astronomer Friedrich "Fritz" Tischler (1844–1870). Another brother, the landowner Oskar Tischler, was the father of the botanist Georg Tischler (1878–1955) and the ornithologist Friedrich Tischler (1881–1945). When Otto Tischler was six years old, the family moved to Königsberg because of the transfer of their father. After he was initially taught by private tutors , he attended the Collegium Fridericianum from Easter 1852 to September 1859 . He then studied until Easter 1863 at the Albertus University in Königsberg a . a. with Friedrich Julius Richelot and Franz Ernst Neumann mathematics , physics and chemistry . He continued his studies until Easter 1864 at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg and the Universität Leipzig . He did his military service as a one-year volunteer during the German War in 1866, but was not used on the battlefield. As a lieutenant in the reserve of the infantry regiment "Duke Karl von Mecklenburg-Strelitz" (6th East Prussian) No. 43 , he participated in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71, in which he received the Iron Cross .

Without a formal university degree - he never passed a state examination - he initially devoted himself as a private scholar to geological , meteorological and botanical research , later almost exclusively to archaeological and prehistoric research. So he dealt in more detail with fibulae (robe needles), the history of enamel and glass beads , the structure of the La Tène period , undertook many excavations in East Prussia and traveled almost annually to museums in Europe for two to three months for comparison purposes. From 1865 he was a member of the Physical-Economic Society in Königsberg, from 1869 its librarian and from 1874 its administrator of the archaeological collection, which was transferred to the Provincial Museum in 1879. In 1880 he received his doctorate in philosophy from the University of Leipzig and in 1890 the Order of the Red Eagle . In the same year he became an honorary member of the Niederlausitz Society for Anthropology and Antiquity . The Anthropological Society in Vienna counted him among its corresponding members. He was also a member of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory .

In 1891 he became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina .

Carpenter's accomplishments include, above all, the prehistoric research of East Prussia, later all of Western and Central Europe. With his work he laid numerous foundations for research on prehistory, which was largely unknown at the time and was not funded by the state; Among other things, he was the first to recognize the temporal delimitation and subdivision of the La Tène period and the first post-Christian centuries in East Prussia.

Tischler died unmarried in Königsberg in 1891 after a long and serious illness.

Works

Tischler published essays in the writings of the physical-economic society and in the garden flora . Journal of horticulture and flowers .

  • East Prussian grave fields . In: Writings of the Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft zu Königsberg in Prussia . Volume 19, 1878, Treatises pp. 159-268
  • Report on the anthropological-prehistoric department of the Provincial Museum of the Physical-Economic Society . In: Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer and Fritz Bessel-Hagen: Skulls and skeletons of the anthropological collections in Königsberg i.Pr. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1880
  • About the shapes of the cloth needles (fibulae) according to their historical significance . In: Journal for Anthropology and Prehistory of Baiern’s . Volume IV, Wolf, Munich 1881, Issues 1 and 2, pp. 3-40
  • Contributions to the knowledge of the Stone Age in East Prussia and the adjacent areas . In: Writings of the Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft . Volume 23, Königsberg 1882, treatises pp. 17–40
  • About the structure of the La Tène period and the decoration of iron weapons during this period . In: Correspondence sheet of the German Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory . Volume 14, 1885, pp. 157-161.
  • About Aggry pearls and the manufacture of colored glasses in antiquity . In: Writings of the Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft zu Königsberg in Prussia . Volume 27, Graefe and Unzer, Königsberg 1886, meeting reports p. 5–14
  • An enamel pane from Oberhof and an outline of the history of the enamel . In: Writings of the Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft zu Königsberg in Prussia . Volume 27, Graefe and Unzer, Königsberg 1886, meeting reports p. 38–58
  • About the structure of the prehistory of East Prussia . Print by Carl Wilhelmi, Insterburg 1887
  • Report on the archaeological-anthropological department of the Provincial Museum of Physical and Economics. Society on the occasion of the celebration of the 100th anniversary. Society's existence 1890 . In comm. B. W. Koch, Koenigsberg i. Pr. 1890
  • East Prussian burial mounds . In: Writings of the Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft zu Königsberg in Prussia . Volume 27, 1886, Treatises pp. 113-176; Volume 29, 1888, Treatises pp. 106-134; Volume 31, 1890, Abhandlungen, pp. 1-36
  • East Prussian antiquities from the time of the great burial grounds after the birth of Christ . Koch, Koenigsberg i. Pr. 1902

literature

  • Fritz Tischler: Carpenter, Otto . In: Old Prussian biography . Volume 2, Elwert, Marburg 1967, p. 737
  • Friedrich Koldewey :  Carpenter, Otto . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 38, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 374-376.
  • Ferdinand Lindemann : Speech given at Otto Tischler's coffin († June 18, 1891) in his garden on June 21 . In: Writings of the Physikalisch-Wirtschaftsgesellschaft zu Königsberg in Pr. Volume 32, Königsberg 1891, treatises p. 1–14 (with picture and catalog raisonné with over 100 numbers); also in: Volume XXXII, meeting reports, pp. 38–40 and 65–66, Volume XXXIII, pp. [26ff.]
  • Gustav Hirschfeld : Memory of Otto Tischler. In: Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung . No. 295, June 28, 1891; also printed as In memory of Otto Tischler . In: Correspondence sheet of the German Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory . 1891, No. 8, pp. 57-60
  • Journal of Ethnology . Volume 23, Berlin 1891, negotiations p. 291
  • Announcements from the anthropological society in Vienna . Volume XXXI, 1891, pp. [59] and [61]; Volume XXXII, 1892, p. [17]
  • Hugo Jentsch : Dr. Otto Carpenter . In: Niederlausitzer Mitteilungen . Volume 2, Guben 1892, pp. 201-202
  • Julius Nicolaus Weisfert: Biographical-literary lexicon for the capital and royal seat of Königsberg and East Prussia . 2nd edition, Bon, Königsberg 1898
  • Herbert Kühn: History of Prehistory . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin [a. a.] 1976, ISBN 3-11-005918-5 , p. 242 ( digitized from Google Books )
  • Hans Gummel : History of Research in Germany . Berlin 1938, p. 461–462, with picture on plate 16 (before p. 449)
  • Tìšleris (carpenter) Otas . In: Mažoji lietuviškoji tarybinė enciklopedija . Volume 3, Leidykla "Mintis", Vilnius 1971, p. 555
  • Mirosław J. Hoffman: Otto Tischler - w stulecie śmierci [On the 100th Anniversary of Otto Tischler's death]. In: Pomorania Antiqua . Volume 15, 1993, ISSN  0556-0691 , pp. 313–338 (with picture; Polish text with English summary)
  • Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia . 2nd edition, Volume 10, Saur, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-25040-8 , p. 52

Web links

Commons : Otto Tischler  - Collection of Pictures

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ on Friedrich (Carl Adalbert) Tischler see: Johann Christian Poggendorff (founder); BW Feddersen and AJ von Oettingen (eds.): JC Poggendorff's biographical-literary concise dictionary for the history of the exact sciences . Volume III: 1858-1883 . 2 parts, Barth, Leipzig 1897 and 1898; and Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia . 2nd edition, Volume 10, Saur, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-25040-8 , p. 52.
  2. ↑ on Georg Tischler see: Robert Volz: Reichs Handbuch der Deutschen Gesellschaft . The handbook of personalities in words and pictures. Volume 2: L-Z. Deutscher Wirtschaftsverlag, Berlin 1931, DNB 453960294 (with picture); Wolfgang Tischler: Carpenter, Georg . In: Old Prussian biography . Volume 2, Elwert, Marburg 1967, p. 737; Friedrich Volbehr and Richard Weyl: Professors and lecturers at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 1665–1954 . 4th edition, Hirt, Kiel 1956; Gerd Reese: carpenter, Georg Friedrich Leopold . In: Olaf Klose (ed.): Schleswig-Holstein biographical lexicon. Volume 1. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1970
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Tischler: Tischler, Friedrich . In: Old Prussian biography . Volume 2, Elwert, Marburg 1967, pp. 736-737
  4. ↑ a b c Wolfgang La Baume : Creator of prehistory research . On the 100th birthday of Dr. Otto Carpenter. In: Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung . No. 200 . Königsberg July 21, 1943 (Article signed by name by "Prof. Dr. La Baume").
  5. ↑ Member entry of Otto Tischler at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on June 18, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Carpenter, Otto
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German prehistorian
DATE OF BIRTH July 24, 1843
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH June 18, 1891
Place of death Koenigsberg i. Pr.