Pelym (river)
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Pelym Пелым, Большой Пелым (Bolshoi Pelym) |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 14010502512111200011673 | |
| location | Sverdlovsk Oblast ( Russia ) | |
| River system | If | |
| Drain over | Tavda → Tobol → Irtysh → Ob → Arctic Ocean | |
| source |
Northern Urals 61 ° 22 ′ 45 ″ N , 60 ° 35 ′ 45 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 140 m | |
| muzzle |
Tawda bei Pelym Coordinates: 59 ° 37 '53 " N , 63 ° 4' 32" E 59 ° 37 '53 " N , 63 ° 4' 32" E |
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| Mouth height | 54 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 86 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.12 ‰ | |
| length | 707 km | |
| Catchment area | 15,200 km² | |
| Left tributaries | Talym, Kondinka | |
| Right tributaries | Bolshoi Ous | |
| Flowing lakes | Pelymski Tuman | |
| Small towns | Pelym (Pelym district) | |
| Communities | Pelym ( Gari District ) | |
| Navigable | 185 km | |
 Location of the Pelym (Пелым) in the northern catchment area of the Tobol |
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The Pelym ( Russian Пелым ; also Bolshoi Pelym , also "Big Pelym") is a 707 kilometer long left tributary of the Tawda in the West Siberian lowlands in Russia .
course
The Pelym rises at a height of about 140 m , a good 75 km north of the town of Iwdel on the eastern edge of the Northern Urals and initially flows a few dozen kilometers in a northerly direction before it abruptly follows the border with the Khanty and Mansi Autonomous Okrug / Ugra Turns east and soon to the southeast. It continues to flow in a south-easterly to southerly direction, always on the territory of Sverdlovsk Oblast , through the swampy and lake-rich taiga landscape in the west of the West Siberian lowlands. Here meanders of the river on wide sections strong. About 50 km as the crow flies before the mouth, the Pelym flows through the 65 km² lake Pelymski Tuman . Two arms of the river flow from the lake, on the left the actual Pelym and on the right the Little Pelym (Maly Pelym), several kilometers apart over 20 km. After the reunification of the arms, the river finally flows into the Tawda, a large tributary of the Tobol , a little below the village of Pelym, which is named after it, at a height of 54 m .
The Pelym does not have any major tributaries; the most important are the Bolshoi Ous (Great Ous) from the right and Talym and Kondinka from the left.
Hydrography
The catchment area of the Pelym covers 15,200 km². Near the mouth, the river is about 150 m wide and over 3.5 m deep; the flow velocity here is 0.3 m / s.
The pelym freezes October to April. The water flow in the vicinity of the mouth is about 100 m³ / s on an annual average, at the middle course 412 km above the mouth it is still 26.90 m³ / s with a minimum of 2.0 m³ / s in March and a maximum of 121 m³ / s in May.
Infrastructure and economy
The river is navigable for 185 km from the village of Shantalskaya above the Pelymski Tuman; It used to be used for 245 km from the now uninhabited settlement of Portach.
The area through which it flows is only sparsely populated. In particular, the less swampy area on the upper reaches is used for forestry. The upper middle reaches of the river in the same city circle forming urban settlement type Pelym crosses a since the late 1960s railway that ivdel over the cities Yugorsk , Sovetsky and Nyagan with Priobye on whether links. Several oil and gas pipelines from the production areas of Western Siberia to Europe also cross the river in this area. There is also an important prison camp near the Pelym settlement, about which Andrzej Klamt and Ulrich Rydzewski shot the multi-award-winning documentary Pelym in 1998 .
The village, also called Pelym, near the mouth of the river bend between Pelym and Tawda, is one of the oldest Russian settlements on the other side of the Urals. Founded in 1592, it was on the oldest land and river route to Siberia. With the establishment of trade routes further south - first via Verkhoturye , later via Yekaterinburg (" Siberian Tract ") - it lost its importance in the early 17th century. In the 18th century it made a name for itself again as a place of banishment for confidants of the Tsar's court who had fallen out of favor, for example Ernst Johann von Biron and Burkhard Christoph von Münnich .
There are few paved roads in the area. For forestry purposes, hundreds of kilometers of narrow-gauge railways were built from the 1940s, some of which are still in operation today (2009). In the area of the upper reaches two stretches from Chorpija and Noschipitschny on the Loswa flowing parallel there , which cross the Pelym at the village of Verkhni Pelym and at Garewka. A stretch of Puksinka, a few kilometers above the Pelym estuary on the left bank of the Tavda, leads to the Unterlauf, originally more than 80 km parallel to the river to the north.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Article Pelym in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b c d Pelym in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ Pelym at the Pelym gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET
- ^ List of Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation (confirmed by Order No. 1800 of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2002); on-line