Pestalozzi-Gymnasium Dresden

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pestalozzi-Gymnasium Dresden
Dresden Pestalozzigymnasium.jpg
type of school high school
founding 1915
address

Pestalozziplatz 22

place Dresden
country Saxony
Country Germany
Coordinates 51 ° 4 '47 "  N , 13 ° 43' 57"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 4 '47 "  N , 13 ° 43' 57"  E
carrier City of Dresden
student 733
Teachers 61
management Falk Barthel
Website www.cms.sachsen.schule.de

The Pestalozzi-Gymnasium Dresden is a municipal high school in the northern part of Dresden with an artistic and scientific profile. The school bears the name of the Swiss pedagogue Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi . The listed building was built from 1913 to 1915 according to designs by the architect and Dresden city ​​building councilor Hans Erlwein with elements of reform architecture and was inaugurated as a community school in October 1915. The school has an eventful history and reflects the political systems from the imperial era to modern times .

location

Geographical location

The high school is located in the northeast of the Leipzig suburb . It is on Pestalozziplatz and is located on Großenhainer Strasse , corner of Weinböhlaer Strasse in the north-west of Dresden. It borders directly on the Pieschen district . In the immediate vicinity of the school there is a children's house on Weinböhlaer Strasse, the grounds of the SV Motor Mickten-Dresden sports club are adjacent to the school premises at the level of the school sports field. Large allotment gardens are located in the north and east .

Pestalozzi Square

The triangular Pestalozziplatz, designed as a park, is opposite the main entrance of the school. It has a close functional connection to the main building of the Pestalozzi-Gymnasium, which characterizes the cityscape and which is framed by mighty columnar trees. The school building and its outbuildings open onto the town square. The representative main entrance is on the green area. The public green area equipped with a play area continues the design of the school area. The city-dividing open space was created in 1910 as Riesaer Platz . At the southern end of the square, parallel to the railway line, the Riesaer Straße begins to the west. After the Second World War , in January 1946, the open space was renamed Pestalozziplatz.

shape

Architect Hans Erlwein (1872–1914)

The school building was planned under the direction of the Dresden City Planning Council, Hans Erlwein. In his planning, he pursued a metropolitan, but at the same time traditional and harmonious construction method.

Originally, two mirror-like main buildings were planned, although the second building complex for a district school and secondary school was not implemented. The structural connecting element was supposed to function as the school servant's and stoker's house, which was then also used as the home and residence of the caretaker. The planning of the eastern main building has remained unfinished.

The main building that was erected comprised a boys' wing that was oriented towards the square and a smaller girls wing that was oriented towards Weinböhlaer Straße. The boys' gym was located on the ground floor of the school until later renovations. The building is structured by large pilaster strips and an attic floor. A semicircular, closed porch is based on six Doric columns and forms the entrance wing, which is reminiscent of an ancient temple. The typical Erlwein plaster - a type of rough plaster - was used for the facade design.

On the large arched gable above the central part of the front of the building is the inscription “The strength of every people lies in their youth”. The segment arch gable has baroque features adapted to the Dresden architecture . The 35 meter high school tower has a copper roof turret and a tower clock with access.

Due to its open location to Pestalozziplatz, the school complex dominates the Dresden cityscape up to the railway line and between allotment gardens and the residential development along Großenhainer Straße. The school building represents a solitaire and an urban dominant within the urban environment, consisting of open and closed construction. The high height of the school building with integrated school tower and the high construction form an exciting counterpoint to the surrounding buildings. The building fits into the landscape in the north and east.

The plastered school building shows elements of reform architecture and is significant in terms of building history and local history, its factual and simple design language testifies to the turning away from historicism during the construction period. Erlwein's ideas about Reformed architecture in Dresden included: "Expediency, clarity, simplicity, structure of the structure and integration into the environment", elements that are also recognizable in his other school buildings. The new school building in Trachenberge took up these approaches and implemented them in the design language of the architecture.

The Erlwein-construction building is due to its historical significance, history and architecture under monument protection .

history

Imperial Era and First World War

At the beginning of the 20th century there was an economic boom and increased industrialization in Pieschen . The expansion of industry led to population growth in the northern part of Dresden. New living quarters for workers and employees were built. As a result, the existing schools were not sufficient for the growing number of pupils in the densely populated Pieschen. Therefore, for the existing XI. Citizens' school in the Leipzig suburb, a new building is planned on Riesaer Platz , today's Pestalozziplatz. Construction of the school building began in autumn 1913. The building was inaugurated on October 11, 1915 and 900 girls and boys moved into the new school building.

Time of the Weimar Republic

In 1927 general elementary schools were introduced. The community school was then dissolved and the school districts redistributed. From the XI. The 29th elementary school was built. In the elementary school, approaches to reform pedagogy were taken up and there was a turn away from the school of the imperial era. The 29th elementary school was divided into pure girls 'and boys' classes. The gender-related separation of the student body was also reflected in the entrance to the main building. The boys had the privilege of using the main entrance on Pestalozziplatz. The girls used the side entrance on Weinböhlaer Strasse. In addition, the school building had a larger boys' wing and a smaller girl's wing. The school children went to school for eight years in relatively large classes with up to 35 children. The higher section of the elementary school was introduced in 1925. It built on the four-year elementary school . The higher division comprised the 5th – 10th. Class and ended with the completion of the secondary school leaving certificate . The 29th elementary school was the only one of eight elementary schools in Dresden to have a higher section.

National Socialism and World War II

With the seizure of power of the Nazis in January 1933, the "school" has been changed in their appearance and in their structure. Social and ethnic racism were introduced. The school name was changed to Adolf Hitler School in order to express the solidarity with the political leader. In addition, a swastika was attached to the school tower, which can be seen from afar .

During the Second World War , in 1943, the school building was converted into an emergency hospital for the military.

post war period

Despite the air raids by the Western Allies on Dresden, the schoolhouse showed no serious damage. Therefore, and probably because of the location on two arterial roads , after the unconditional surrender of the Wehrmacht in May 1945, the first command post of the Soviet armed forces ( Red Army ) for Dresden moved into the school and confiscated it for this purpose. The exercise of power during the initial occupation was incumbent on the military commander , who was the leader of the unit that occupied Dresden. Until the establishment of the Soviet occupation administration in July 1945, Lieutenant General Lebedenko, as commander of the 33rd Guards Rifle Corps, held both military and political power. As a result of this extracurricular use, lessons were interrupted in the summer of 1945 until autumn in the "conversion phase".

The existing municipal constitution of Dresden, which was based on the National Socialist elements , was suspended with the occupation. The Soviet command office helped build the local city administration. This concerned, among other things, the selection of mayors and assistance in organizing the first residents' assemblies.

GDR time

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi on a painting (probably) by FGA Schöner

School operations were resumed at the beginning of September 1946 and the school structure was fundamentally changed in order to comply with the law for the democratization of German schools of May / June 1946. Objectives of the Education Act was the transformation of the education system in the Soviet occupation zone away from Nazi influences but ultimately one of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany dominated (SED) unit school . In accordance with the centralized school system, the school comprised a primary school with grades 1-8. Class and a high school with the 9th – 12th grade Great, plus a kindergarten. The number of students was increased significantly to 1500. In the course of the restructuring process, the name was chosen in Pestalozzi School . Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi is considered a reformer of modern pedagogy and gave its name and ideas. A high school was built in the Pestalozzi School and in July 1950 the first pupils were able to obtain their Abitur . The elementary and high school were then separated in January 1951. The elementary school was run as the 29th Polytechnic Oberschule (POS) (from April 17, 1971) with the additional name Arthur Ullrich and the Extended Oberschule (EOS) kept the name Pestalozzi. What was remarkable in the 1960s was the collaboration with the sponsoring company, which enabled the school to set up a holiday resort in Altenbrak on Rügen. For the implementation of the polytechnic lessons, we worked together with VEB printing and paper and with the LPG Hellerau as practical lessons.

Post-reunification time - modern times

After German reunification , the function of the historical school was decisively restructured. The 29th Polytechnic High School was dissolved after the school year 1990/1991. The old school tradition of a primary school as an integral part of the school location was broken. From the founding of the school in the imperial era until the political change , a primary school was an elementary part of the school location on Pestalozziplatz. On the basis of the new Saxon School Act, a grammar school was set up from the 1992/1993 school year. Since then, the “Pestalozzi-Gymnasium Dresden” has had a mathematical and scientific character.

In the period between 1996 and 2015, the school was partially renovated in several construction phases. A cafeteria with a new dining room and a separate kitchen area was built on the north wing of the school building when the old coal cellar was demolished. It opened in May 2015 and has space for 172 students.

Since 2001, the high school has been using a modern two-field gym on the school premises that was built together with SV Motor Mickten-Dresden .

classes

The Pestalozzi-Gymnasium Dresden offers an artistic and a scientific profile. English is taught as the first foreign language and French and Spanish are offered as second foreign languages .

In the 2018/2019 school year, 733 students attended the grammar school. 157 pupils study in the last grades 11 and 12. 61 teachers work at the secondary school. In addition to 2 church teachers, 9 trainee teachers work at the Pestalozzi-Gymnasium.

Well-known graduates (selection)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ School portrait: Pestalozzi-Gymnasium Dresden. Saxon State Ministry of Culture, August 28, 2014, accessed on April 23, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Klaus Brendler: The Pestalozziplatz in the Leipzig suburb streets and squares in the north-west of Dresden. Dresden district newspapers - Pieschener Zeitung / SV SAXONIA, February 18, 2018, accessed on April 23, 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Matthias Donath: Erlwein Hans (Johannes) Jakob. In: Saxon Biography. Institute for Saxon History and Folklore eV, April 6, 2012, accessed on April 25, 2019 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i On the history of the school. Saxon State Ministry for Culture, accessed on April 23, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Lars Herrmann: Pieschen. Retrieved April 27, 2019 .
  6. ^ A b New building of the dining room at the Pestalozzi-Gymnasium in Dresden. State capital Dresden, accessed on April 29, 2019 .
  7. ↑ a b c New dining room with terrace for the Pestalozzi-Gymnasium. State capital Dresden, August 4, 2014, accessed on April 23, 2019 .
  8. ^ Uwe Schieferdecker: The Dresden artist dispute. Controversial award behavior of the city . In: Dresden. He gave the cityscape a face - Hans Erlwein . Herkules-Verlag, Kassel 2011, ISBN 978-3-941499-64-5 , p. 33-35 .
  9. ↑ Nadine Steinmann: Dresdner Pestalozzi-Gymnasium receives modern dining room. Verlag Dresdner Nachrichten GmbH & Co. KG, August 21, 2014, accessed on April 23, 2019 .
  10. ^ Cultural monuments in the Free State of Saxony - monument document. State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, April 23, 2019, accessed on April 23, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Anett Kersten: 100 years of Pestalozzi-Gymnasium: A chronicle written, collected and told by students and teachers. (PDF) Pestalozzi-Gymnasium Dresden, 2015, accessed on April 23, 2019 .
  12. ^ A b Thomas Widera: Dresden 1945–1948: Politics and society under Soviet occupation . Ed .: Hannah Arendt Institute. Writings of the Hannah Arendt Institute 25. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 978-3-525-36901-2 , p. 60 .
  13. ^ Dieter Marc Schneider: Renaissance and destruction of local self-government in the Soviet Zone. (PDF) Institute for Contemporary History Munich, 1989, accessed on April 27, 2019 .
  14. ↑ a b Our school at a glance. Pestalozzi-Gymnasium Dresden, accessed on April 23, 2019 .