Philipp (Hessen-Homburg)

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Landgrave Philipp of Hesse-Homburg
Landgrave Philipp's coffin in the crypt in the Homburg Landgrave Castle

Philipp August Friedrich (born March 11, 1779 in Homburg before the height ; † December 15, 1846 ibid) was Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and Imperial Austrian Field Marshal .

Life

He was the third son of Landgrave Friedrich V and his wife Karoline von Hessen-Darmstadt , a daughter of Landgrave Ludwig IX. von Hessen-Darmstadt and Henriette Karoline von Pfalz-Zweibrücken , the great countess .

In 1794 he resigned as captain in the - stationed in the Netherlands - Brigade "Hesse-Darmstadt" and was captured by the French. After ten months of imprisonment , he was bought free.

In 1796 he joined the Austrian army and took part in the campaigns of 1798, 1799 and 1800. After the Peace of Lunéville he was stationed in Lviv . In 1805 he was appointed lieutenant colonel , then colonel and commander of the Archduke Ferdinand No. 2 infantry regiment. Under Archduke Karl , he took part in the battle of Caldiero and in 1809 in the battles of Landshut and Eckmühl . Because of his excellent performance in the Battle of Aspern , he was promoted to major general on the battlefield . He was injured in the battle of Wagram and then awarded the Maria Theresa Order . Transferred to Vienna, he and his brigade were in the corps of Prince Schwarzenberg in 1812 . In 1813 he became a field marshal lieutenant , as which he distinguished himself at Dresden , Kulm and Lindenau. After a short time as governor of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt and of the Principality of Isenburg , which comprised all of Isenburg's lands after the foundation of the Rhine Confederation , he took command of the 6th German Army Corps in February 1814, with which he entered Lyon on March 22nd .

In 1818 and 1820 he was on diplomatic missions in Russia and England, in 1821 he went to Naples as leader of an Austrian division during the Risorgimentos , where he was also appointed governor. In 1825 he was called to Graz as commanding general, in 1827 Philipp was posted to Lemberg and in 1829 he was transferred back to Graz. In 1832 he was promoted to Feldzeugmeister and shortly before his death on November 28, 1846 he was appointed Imperial Austrian Field Marshal , the highest military rank ever achieved by a member of the Landgrave House.

In 1829 Prince Philip was traded as a candidate for the Greek royal throne. The English proposal was also approved by Russia but rejected by France. The signature powers of the London Protocol of February 3, 1830 finally agreed on Prince Otto of Bavaria, who as Otto I became Greece's first (modern) king in 1832.

On June 26, 1838, Philipp entered into a morganatic marriage in Graz with Rosalie Antonie, Baroness Schimmelpfennig von der Oye (nee Pototschnig - according to other sources Pototschnigg) (1806–1845). She was the daughter of Antonius Potoschnigg, a trader in Fürstenfeld and Josepha Schöller, and her first marriage was to Joseph Freiherr von Schimmelpfennig von der Oye, kk gubernial secretary. Before her marriage on May 31, 1838, the Hessian elector Wilhelm II elevated her to Countess of Naumburg (after Naumburg Castle near today's city of Nidderau ); however, it was not accepted by Philip's siblings (the House of Hessen-Homburg belonged to the European nobility ). The marriage remained childless.

After the death of his brother Ludwig, Philipp succeeded the throne in Homburg in 1839 . In 1840 he became governor of the Mainz fortress . His predecessor as governor was his brother-in-law, Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (1783-1851), who was governor and an uncle of the future Kaiser Wilhelm I in Mainz from 1824 to 1829 and again from 1834 to 1839. His brother Gustav represented him in the official business in Homburg. Two significant events occurred during Philip's reign: First, the lease agreement with the brothers François (1806–1877) and Louis Blanc (1806–1852) for the operation of a casino . Second, the citizens' demand for a state constitution , in December 1844 - a harbinger of the revolution of 1848 - which Philip had "benevolently examined" but rejected.

Philip's wife died on February 21, 1845, he survived her by almost a year and a half. Both are buried in the crypt of Bad Homburg Castle .

literature

Web links

Commons : Philipp of Hesse-Homburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jaromir Hirtenfeld : The Military Maria Theresa Order and its Members , Imperial Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1857, pp. 1746–1747.
predecessor Office successor
Ludwig Landgrave of Hessen-Homburg
1839–1846 		Gustav
personal data
SURNAME Philip
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Philipp August Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Landgrave of Hessen-Homburg, Austrian general
DATE OF BIRTH March 11, 1779
PLACE OF BIRTH Homburg vor der Höhe
DATE OF DEATH December 15, 1846
Place of death Homburg vor der Höhe