Pitcairnia paniculata

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Pitcairnia paniculata
Pitcairnia paniculata, illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Volume 80 (Series 3, No. 10), Plate 4775

Pitcairnia paniculata , illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine , Volume 80 (Series 3, No. 10), Plate 4775

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae)
Subfamily : Pitcairnioideae
Genre : Pitcairnia
Type : Pitcairnia paniculata
Scientific name
Pitcairnia paniculata
( Ruiz & Pav. ) Ruiz & Pav.

Pitcairnia paniculata is a species of plant in the genus Pitcairnia in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae within the Bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae). It is common in Peru and Bolivia .

description

Appearance and leaf

Pitcairnia paniculata grows as an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 2 meters or more. On the upright, compact stem axis , rings can be recognized, which are formed by the leaf scars of the fallen leaves.

There is heterophyllia ; there are three leaf types in Pitcairnia paniculata . There are scaled reduced and bristle-shaped, spiky armed leaves. Many leaves are located in the uppermost area of ​​the stem axis. With these leaves, the leaf blades are narrowed in the lower part like a stalk. The simple leaf blades are 1.5 meters long and about 3.5 inches wide. There is a parallel nerve. The leaf margin is sawed in the lower area with back-curved spines and smooth towards the upper end. The top of the leaf is bare and there are few suction flakes on the underside.

Inflorescence and flower

The relatively long, terminal inflorescence stem is covered with white suction scales and has green, narrow-triangular, thread-like-tailed bracts , the uppermost of which are about as long as the internodes. The loose, pyramidal, paniculate and compound inflorescence is at least 50 centimeters long. The inflorescence axis is scaled. The bracts are narrow-triangular and usually shorter than the sterile section of the almost upright to spreading branches. The partial inflorescences contain few to many flowers. The bracts are lanceolate-ovate with a pointed upper end and much shorter than the flower stalks.

The hermaphrodite flowers are slightly zygomorphic , threefold and relatively slender. The flower stalk is about 13 millimeters long. The three early balding sepals are 15 to 18 millimeters long and narrow-triangular with a pointed upper end. The three red, free, 4.5 centimeter long petals have scales (ligula) at their base. There are two circles with three free stamens each; they do not rise above the petals. Three carpels have become an almost Upper permanent ovary grown.

Fruit and seeds

The three-lobed capsule fruits contain many seeds. The seeds are airworthy through appendages. The seeds cannot germinate for a long time.

Occurrence

Pitcairnia paniculata thrives terrestrially in thickets and in open forests at altitudes of 300 to 2800 meters in Peru and Bolivia. In Bolivia it occurs at altitudes of mostly 1750 to 2000 (500 to 2550) meters in the departments of Chuquisaca , La Paz , Santa Cruz and perhaps Cochabamba and grows in the vegetation areas: rainforest , Yungas , Tucuman-Bolivian forest. In Peru it occurs in the departments of Amazonas , Cusco , Huánuco , Junín , Loreto , Madre de Dios , Puno , San Martín and Ucayali .

Systematics

It was first published in 1798 under the name ( Basionym ) Pourretia paniculata by Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón in Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis , Tomus 1, p. 81. The new combination to Pitcairnia paniculata was made in 1802 by Ruiz and Pavón in Flora peruvianae, et chilensis prodromus , Tomus 3, p. 36, plate 260 published. The epithet paniculata means paniculate and relates to the structure of the inflorescence. Other synonyms for Pitcairnia paniculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Ruiz & Pav. Are: Hepetis paniculata Ruiz & Pav. , Hepetis paniculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez, Pitcairnia longifolia Hook., Pitcairnia excelsa E. Morren, Pitcairnia pulverulenta sensu Baker non Ruiz & Pav. , Pitcairnia fruticetorum Mez , Pitcairnia biattenuata Rusby , Pitcairnia longifolia Hook. non (E. Morren) Beer .

Pitcairnia paniculata belongs to the subgenus Pitcairnia of the genus Pitcairnia .

use

Both the individual flowers and the inflorescences do not have a long shelf life, which is why pitcairnia species are not grown by nurseries. Pitcairnia paniculata is grown in some botanical gardens.

swell

literature

  • Lyman Bradford Smith, Robert Jack Downs: Flora Neotropica. , Monograph 14, Part 1, Pitcairnioideae (Bromeliaceae) , Hafner Press, New York, 1974. ISBN 0-89327-303-1 : Pitcairnia paniculata on p. 308 (section description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d data sheet Pitcairnia paniculata from Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher, Kees Gouda: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads , Version 3.1 (2012). last accessed on December 26, 2014
  2. ↑ a b c d Lyman Bradford Smith, Robert Jack Downs: Flora Neotropica. , Monograph 14, Part 1, Pitcairnioideae (Bromeliaceae) , Hafner Press, New York, 1974. ISBN 0-89327-303-1 : Pitcairnia paniculata on p. 308
  3. ↑ Thorsten Krömer, Michael Kessler, Bruce K. Holst, Harry E. Luther, Eric J. Gouda, Pierre L. Ibisch, Walter Till, Roberto Vasquez: Checklist of Bolivian Bromeliaceae with notes on species distribution and levels of endemism. In: Selbyana , Volume 20, 2, 1999, pp. 201-223. Full text PDF.
  4. ^ Pitcairnia paniculata at Tropicos.org. In: Bolivia Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ^ Pitcairnia paniculata at Tropicos.org. In: Peru Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ↑ L. Brako, JL Zarucchi (Ed.): Catalog of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. In: Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 45, i-xl, 1993, pp. 1-1286.
  7. ↑ Ruiz & Pavón scanned in 1798 at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  8. ↑ Ruiz & Pavón scanned in 1802 at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  9. ^ Pitcairnia paniculata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 26, 2014.
  10. ^ Harry E. Luther: An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials , 2008 in The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International. (PDF file; 314 kB)

further reading

  • Lyman Bradford Smith: Bromeliaceae. Flora of Peru. In: Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History. Botanical Series 13 (1/3), 1936, pp. 513-520. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  • J. Manzanares: Jewels Jungle: Bromeliaceae Ecuador , 2005.
  • PM Jørgensen, MH Nee, SG Beck (ed.): Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. In: Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 127, 1-2, i – viii, 2014, pp. 1-1744.
  • Werner Rauh : Bromeliad studies. 1. New and little known species from Peru and other countries , Part 16, In: Tropical and subtropical flora. 52, Wiesbaden 1985, pp. 1-82.

Web links

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