Plungė

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Plungė
coat of arms
coat of arms
 flag
flag
State : Lithuania Lithuania
District : Telšiai
Rajong municipality : Plungė
Coordinates : 55 ° 55 '  N , 21 ° 51'  E Coordinates: 55 ° 55 '  N , 21 ° 51'  E
Area (place) : 11.8  km²
Community area : 1,105  km²
 
Inhabitants (place) : 23,212 (2008)
Population density : 1,967 inhabitants per km²
Inhabitant (municipality) : 43,580
Population density : 39 inhabitants per km²
Time zone : EET (UTC + 2)
Telephone code : (+370) 448
Postal code : 90001
 
Status: Rajong Parish
Structure : 1 city office (core city),
10 further districts
 
Mayor : Elvyra Lapukiene
Postal address : Vytauto str. 12
5640 plunge
Website :
Plungė (Lithuania)
Plungė
Plungė

Plungė listen ? / i ( Polish Płungiany ; YiddishAudio file / audio sample פלונגיאן, Plungian ; Russian Плунге) is a city and seat of the Rajonggeminde Plungė in Telšiai district in northwest Lithuania .

history

The place was first mentioned in 1567 , the town charter was granted in 1792 . Historically, it is located in the Lower Lithuania region . In 2009 Plungė was the cultural capital of Lithuania .

Until the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Plungė had a large Jewish community. The beginning of the settlement by Jews is unclear, but tombstones from the 16th century were found in 1937. Jews are mentioned in writing in the early 18th century by Bishop Motiejus Valančius in his History of the Diocese of Samogitia : In 1719, Bishop Aleksander Horain allowed the construction of a synagogue as long as it was less high than the Christian church. In fact, it got higher and the town priest asked for the roof to be removed. To prevent this, the Jews paid an annual tax of 30 tynfs . The synagogue is mentioned again for the year 1769.

In the middle of the 19th century, around 2,500 Jews lived in the city, and when the German troops marched in at the end of June 1941, around 1,800 Jews lived in the city. Lithuanian insurgents who fought against the occupation by the Soviet Union persecuted communists and Jews immediately after the withdrawal of the Red Army and the provisional takeover of the city administration in late June to mid-July 1941. After individual murders, the obligation of young men to do forced labor and the robbery of Jewish property by Lithuanian residents, the Jewish residents were imprisoned and ghettoized in the Great Synagogue and the shulhoyf , the Jewish community complex .

In mid-July 1941 a large fire broke out in this situation in the city for unknown reasons, for which Jews were held responsible. Immediately afterwards, from July 13-15, 1941, 2,200 Jews from the city and the surrounding area were shot and buried in mass graves. The Jewish community was wiped out with the exception of a few people who had left with the Red Army.

Economy and Infrastructure

One of the main employers in Plungė is the fish product manufacturer Vičiūnų grupė . The Plungė District Court , which had a history dating back to 1926, was dissolved in 2018.

Town twinning

Sister cities of Plungė are:

Born in Plungė

literature

  • Leonid Olschwang: The murderers are still needed . In: Der Spiegel . No. 17 , 1984, pp. 123–126 ( online - April 23, 1984 , Approximately 2000 of the 7000 population plunges were Jewish).
  • Alexander Kruglov, Geoffrey P. Megargee: Plungė . In: Martin Dean (ed.): The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945 , Vol. 2: Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe , Part B. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2012, ISBN 978- 0-253-00227-3 , p. 1105.

Web links

Commons : Plungė  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Płungiany  - Travel Guide (Polish)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Aliza Cohen-Mushlin: Synagogues in Lithuania N-Ž. VDA Leidykla, 2010, ISBN 978-6-094-47004-2 , p. 37 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  2. ↑ a b Europe - Plungė Memorials - Telšiai District , accessed on March 3, 2019
  3. ↑ Glossary of terms used by the Jewish communities in Lithuania (PDF; 1.4 MB)