Police Battalion 307

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The police battalion 307 was a military unit of the NS- Ordnungspolizei during the Second World War . The battalion was actively involved in the Holocaust . It is responsible for the murder of 10,550 people and the deportation of another 63,400 people.

history

Police Battalion 307

The Ordnungspolizei was able to take up a contingent of 26,000 underserved conscripts born in 1909–1912 and 1918–20 as a replacement for those who left the Wehrmacht (field gendarmerie, police division). They were to be recruited as police recruits to ensure the need for police forces in the areas occupied by the Wehrmacht, the service time to be completed was counted as military service time by resolution of the Council of Ministers for Reich Defense (Ordinance on the recruitment of conscripts in the Reich police force dated 31. October 1939). The older police recruits were given the prospect of a lifelong position in the police, they received police and military training in police barracks for 6 months and were then placed in so-called "sergeant battalions" (police battalions 301 to 325). In order to be called up in police training battalions, it was necessary to have a UK position by the responsible military district office, and the first training battalions could already be set up in March 1940. The training and management positions in the battalions were taken over by professional police officers.

The police battalion 307 was formed on October 3, 1940 from the police training battalion "Lübeck" in Lübeck . From October 5, 1940 to June 11, 1941, the unit was deployed in the General Government in Biała Podlaska . During this time the battalion was subordinate to the Lublin Police Regiment . Until the spring of 1941 it was responsible for the deportations of Jews from the ghetto there to the concentration camps and for the shootings of Poles.

Before the attack on the Soviet Union began , the battalion was subordinated to the Central Police Regiment in June 1941 and stationed in Brest-Litovsk on July 3, 1941 . In the area around Brest-Litovsk, the battalion initially shot 20 Russians and Belarusians, especially communists. Police Battalion 307 then began mass arrests of 4,000 to 6,000 civilians, especially Jews. On July 13, 1941, 4,435 people in the city were finally executed by the police unit, including approx. 4,000 Jews and approx. 400 more civilians.

In Baranovichi mass arrests took place from July 18 to 26 1941st 2000 to 3000 Jews and other civilians were arrested. The battalion members assumed that these people should be executed. A senior officer in the Wehrmacht prevented the further implementation of the measure.

From July 28 to August 12, the battalion was deployed in the area east of Slutsk with the 162nd Infantry Division and the 252nd Infantry Division .

In August 1941, the battalion shot 30 to 50 women and 4 to 6 children in an unknown location near Slutsk. In the area between Slutsk and Babruisk , 30 Jews were killed by the police that same month.

In mid-August 1941, the battalion was involved in executions of Jews in the city of Babruysk .

As the battalion continued to advance, it reached Staryja Darohi on August 19, 1941 .

1st Battalion of the Police Regiment Center

On August 21, 1941, the Central Police Regiment was restructured. The Police Battalion 307 was also renamed the 1st Battalion of the Central Police Regiment.

On August 31, 1941, the battalion entered Mogilev . The battalion took part in combat operations under Army High Command 2 in the Mogilew-Babruysk area. In a village between Slutsk and Mogilev, a member of the battalion shot and killed two Russian farm workers. From September 1 to October 21, 1941, the battalion was also used against partisans, for example on September 4 in Babrujsk, on September 11 on the taxiway from Babrujsk to Mogilew and Klitschew.

In the area of Klitschew , a town northeast of Babruisk, the battalion carried out further executions in September and October 1941, killing 100 to 200 Jews.

In October 1941, the battalion raged in a village west of the Babruysk runway to Mogilev. In retaliation, all the local Jews were rounded up and 50 people, including women and children, shot.

From October 22nd to December 1941 the battalion was again used against partisans, since November 4th, 1941 in the Smolensk area .

From mid-December 1941 to January 20, 1942, the police battalion was deployed at the front near Kaluga as a unit under the 4th Army, where it suffered heavy losses.

From January to April 1942, the battalion was used again in the rear area of Army Group Center in the fight against partisans, for example in the Krytschau area . In the spring of 1942, the police battalion was replenished with forces from the disbanded Police Battalion 308 and was given Duisburg as its new home base .

In May 1942 the battalion was transferred to the General Government in Rzeszów , where it arrived on May 24th.

There the battalion cleared the ghetto in Tarnów on June 11, 15 and 18, 1942 , and 10,000 Jews were deported to the Belzec extermination camp . Another 10,000 Jews were shot immediately.

1st Battalion of the Police Regiment 23

On July 9, 1942, the 1st Battalion of the Central Police Regiment, the former Police Battalion 307, was renamed the 1st Battalion of the 23rd Police Regiment .

On July 7th and 15th, 15,000 Jews were deported from the ghetto in Reichshof ( Rzeszów ) to the Belzec extermination camp. Finally, in late July and early August, the ghetto in Przemyśl ( Przemyśl ) was evacuated by the German police force, with 10,000 Jews being brought to Belzec; several hundred Jews unable to be transported were shot.

On August 18, 1942, the battalion moved via Minsk to Glebokie in order to be used against partisans. During this time, the battalion murdered Belarusian residents and Russian commissioners. It was used in the context of the mala fever company , which carried out from August 21 to September 21, 1942, during which 389 partisans were killed in combat, 1,274 "suspects" were executed, 8,350 Jews were executed and 1,274 people were displaced. Behind the term “gang suspects” hid those people who lived in the villages of the deployment area and were arbitrarily shot.

From November 18, 1942 to November 27, 1942, the battalion was deployed against partisans under the leadership of the von Gottberg combat group in the forest and swamp area around Glebokie in the General Commissariat of Belarus ( Enterprise Nuremberg ). 789 partisans and 353 "gang suspects", 1,826 Jews and 7 gypsies fell victim to this operation. In addition, three ghettos were liquidated, killing at least another 3,800 Jews. Several villages were burned down.

From December 10 to December 20, 1942, the battalion took part in Operation Hamburg , which opposed partisans in an area near Slonim where the Shchara River flows into the Nyemen . The unit was also subordinate to the von Gottberg combat group during this operation. A total of 1,676 partisans, 1,510 "suspected gang" people, 2,658 Jews and 30 gypsies were killed by the combat group. The number of Jews murdered includes the 500 who were executed when the Slonim ghetto was completely cleared. Since partisans were able to move south at the Hamburg company, the area south of Slonim was searched from December 22 to 25, 1942 as part of the Altona company, in particular by the 307 police battalion. 97 partisans, 785 people "suspected of being a gang", 126 Jews and 24 gypsies were killed.

From January 7, 1943 to January 14, 1943, the battalion was deployed as part of the Franz company , which was directed against partisans in the Cherven - Osipovichi area . The battalion took over the area of ​​Grodsyanka, a village 55 kilometers northwest of Babruysk . In the course of this operation, a total of 1,143 partisans and 882 "gang suspects" were killed, around 1,000 people were deported for forced labor and 2,000 cattle were confiscated.

The battalion took part in both operations of the Harvest Festival , which took place from January 18 to January 26, 1943 (Harvest Festival I) and from January 28 to February 9, 1943, as an association of the Gottberg Combat Group. At the company Erntefest I the area of ​​operation was east of the Minsk - Sluzk taxiway , then at the company Erntefest II to the west of this road connection. The units raged in the region. In the first part of the company, 805 partisans and 1,165 people were killed for “gang support”, 34 people were captured, 1,308 people were abducted for forced labor and 395 horses, 2,803 cattle, 572 pigs, 1,560 sheep and 459 tons of grain were confiscated. In the second part of the company, 2,325 partisans were killed and 272 people were deported for forced labor. Here the commander of the police battalion 307 led the "Kampfgruppe Binz" named after him.

At Operation Hornung , the Binz combat group, which also included the 307 police battalion, raided the swamp areas south of Sluzk from February 8 to February 26, 1942. The orders were that all accommodations in the area of ​​operation were to be destroyed and that the residents of the locations were to be shot. During this operation, 2,219 partisans and an additional 7,378 people were killed, 3,300 Jews were executed and 65 people were captured. The number of Jews killed may include the 2,500 Jewish victims murdered during the evacuation of the Slutsk ghetto.

The battalion northwest of Pinsk took part in the first section of the Föhn company , which was carried out from March 2 to March 7, 1943 in the area south of the Brest - Slutsk road . A total of 543 partisans were killed in both parts of the operation and 1,226 people were deported for forced labor.

To secure the Rovno - Berditschew railway line , the battalion moved to Rovno in mid-March 1943.

III. Battalion of the Police Regiment 24

On March 29, 1943 the battalion was renamed again, this time to the III. Battalion of the Police Regiment 24 .

From March 30, 1943 to April 7, 1943, the battalion took part in the Lenz-Süd operation, which was carried out in the Borissow - Sloboda - Smolevichi area. The battalion was apparently also deployed at the Lenz-Nord company from April 9 to April 12, 1943 in the Borissow - Smolewitschi - Lagoisk - Sembin area.

The Magic Flute operation , in which the battalion was then involved, took place from April 17 to April 24, 1943. It was a large-scale search and inspection operation in the city of Minsk. It was directed against communists and partisans. It was also used to abduct people for forced labor. As a result, 350 people were brought to Germany, 712 were employed as workers in Minsk, 39 people were arrested and 2 people were murdered.

In May 1943 the Police Regiment 24 was subordinated to the HSSPF Russia Center in Mogilew .

The battalion was involved in Operation Seydlitz from June 25 to July 27, 1943 , which was carried out in the Ovrutsch - Mosyr region . 2,768 partisans were killed, a further 2,338 people murdered, 603 prisoners made, 54 villages and 807 “gang camps” destroyed, with another report speaking of 807 destroyed villages. 6,817 people were deported for forced labor, 12,407 cattle, 288 horses, 7,246 sheep and 124 pigs were confiscated.

In July 1943 the battalion was transferred to Zhytomyr via Kremenets .

In September 1943, after moving back to the area of ​​the HSSPF Russia-Center, an operation against partisans at Disna on the Daugava took place .

From November 9, 1943 to March 24, 1944, the battalion was deployed at the front between Polotsk and Newel under the 4th Army and the 3rd Panzer Army .

From March 25 to June 25, 1944, it was used in the rear area of Army Group Center in the Bjaresina swamps. The battalion took part in the cormorant operation, which was carried out in the Vilejka - Borisov - Minsk area from May 25 to June 17, 1944.

With Operation Bagration of the Red Army, which began on June 22, 1944 , the battalion was thrown to the front and fought in the Orsha - Borissow - Minsk - Molodetschno area from June 26 to July 17, 1944. The battalion had to face heavy losses withdraw the Vistula . Its remains were collected in Płock . Finally, after another front-line deployment, the battalion was disbanded on April 27, 1945 near Königgrätz .

Commanders

  • October 3, 1940 to December 17, 1941: Major Theodor Stahr
  • December 18, 1941 until unknown: Major Siegfried Binz

literature

“The forces deployed by the Ordnungspolizei ... did their job in an exemplary manner”, The Police Battalion 307 (Lübeck) “in the East” 1940–1945. An exhibition by the Schleswig-Holstein State Police, Police Directorate Schleswig-Holstein South (Lübeck) in cooperation with the State Police Hamburg, State Police School.Lübeck 2002. Project management: Chief Police Director Heiko Hüttmann, Lübeck. Project implementation: Director of Studies Wolfgang Kopitzsch, Hamburg.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan Klemp: "Not determined". Police Battalions and the Post War Justice. A manual . 2nd edition, Klartext Verlag, Essen 2011, ISBN 978-3-8375-0663-1 , p. 262.
  2. ↑ The Reich Minister of the Interior, Pol.O.Kdo. G4 (P 1a), No. 28/39, Re .: Reinforcement of the police by unserved conscripts, October 11, 1939, quoted from: Edward B. Westermann, Hitler`s Police Battallions, University of Kansas Press, page 84, fn 149
  3. ↑ http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=dra&daten=19390004&seite=00002137
  4. ↑ a b c d http://www.ordnungspolizei.org [1]  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ordnungspolizei.org  
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla : The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941-1944. Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag Paderborn, 2nd edition 2006, p. 569.
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, pp. 570–575. Christopher Browning: murder of Jews. Nazi politics, forced labor and the behavior of the perpetrators. Frankfurt 2001, p. 186 f.
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 575.
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 575
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 576
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, pp. 580 and 554
  11. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 577
  12. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 578
  13. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 579
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 579.
  15. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 580
  16. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 580
  17. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, pp. 582–584.
  18. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, pp. 584 and 712
  19. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla, The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 720.
  20. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, pp. 584 and 717–719.
  21. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 584 and p. 719–721.
  22. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 584 and p. 721
  23. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 584 and p. 721
  24. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 584 and p. 722–725.
  25. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 725 f.
  26. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, pp. 585 and 728.
  27. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 585.
  28. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 585.
  29. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, pp. 585 and 729
  30. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 730
  31. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 730f.
  32. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, pp. 586 and 736
  33. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 586
  34. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 586.
  35. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 586
  36. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, pp. 586 and 743.
  37. ↑ Wolfgang Curilla: The German Ordnungspolizei and the Holocaust in the Baltic States and in Belarus 1941–1944, p. 586.