Maladsetschna

Maladsetschna | Molodechno
Маладзечна | Молодечно
( Belarus. ) | ( Russian )
coat of arms flag
State :	Belarus
Woblasz :	Minsk
Coordinates :	54 ° 19 ′  N , 26 ° 51 ′  E Coordinates: 54 ° 19 ′  N , 26 ° 51 ′  E
Area :	30  km²
Residents :	94,686 (2015)
Population density :	3,156 inhabitants per km²
Time zone :	Moscow time ( UTC + 3 )
Telephone code :	(+375) 176
Postal code :	BY - 222301 - 222310
License plate :	5
Website :	www.molodechno.minsk-region.by
Maladsetschna

Maladzyechna or Molodetschno ( belarusian Маладзечна / maladzyechna ; Russian Молодечно / Molodetschno , polish Molodeczno ) is a white Russian city in Minsk Region (Minsk administrative district) with 98,384 inhabitants. Maladsetschna is the administrative center of Maladsetschna Rajon . The modern and cozy city of Molodechno is located 70 kilometers north of Minsk. As one of the few cities in this province, Molodechno attracts hundreds of tourists.

history

A street into the city

Surname

The toponym Molodechno comes from the river Molodechanki ( Belarusian Маладзечанка). There is also an opinion that the name of the city derives from the words "great guy" (meaning - small, a fighter in a princely war team), or young, younger .

From the beginning of the 20th century, in the Belarusian literary language, the form Molodechno was established according to the speech of the local residents. At the same time, the title Molodechno is an example of the influence of Poland, as a result of which it first passed into Russian and later into the official spelling of Belarusian.

history

The city was first mentioned in 1388 in a letter from the Lithuanian Grand Duke Jagiello Novgorod-Seversky to Prince Dmitry Olgerdovich (also called Prince Jagai). Other important rulers were the princes Sanguschki, Saslavcki, Amstislavoki and Oginski. The latter came as a refugee from Moscow in the war year 1812.

In 1413 Maladseschna was part of the Vilnius Voivodeship in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . It belonged to the magnates Zaslavsky , Amstislavskim, Sangushko, Oginski , etc.

In the 17th century the city was owned by Poland-Lithuania and consisted of only 7-8 streets with about 1000 inhabitants. In the 18th century the city changed hands to Prince Ahinski. In 1708 Maladsetschna was occupied by Swedish troops. In 1811 the canton school, translated from Bobruisk, was mentioned and in 1832 the conversion into a grammar school was mentioned.

In 1812 Napoleon's Russian campaign also passed through Maladsetschna. The French occupied the castle as a base, the withdrawal of the French led to the complete destruction of the city.

On April 14, 1831, Maladseschna was occupied by a division of rebels. Students from the local school joined the riot. When this was suppressed, the school was closed and the teachers were arrested and taken to the Minsk prison

In 1847 Maladsetschna became part of the Vilnius Governorate .

The city was rebuilt in the same place. In 1861 around 750 people lived in Maladsetschna again. During the January uprising around 1863 rebel troops were stationed near Maladechna. In 1864 a teacher training college opened.

In 1871 the Church of the Protection and Intercession , which still stands today, was built. The construction of the Lubavo-Romanskoi railway in 1873 transformed Maladechna into a major hub in the Baltic region.

During the First World War , Maladsetschna was occupied by German troops in 1918. As a result of the Peace of Riga in 1921, the city fell to Poland . In the 1920s it experienced strong growth; until the outbreak of the Second World War, the population multiplied to 10,500.

On September 17, 1939, Maladsetschna was occupied by the Red Army as a result of the German-Soviet non-aggression pact and then added to the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic . During the Second World War , German troops conquered the city on June 26, 1941 and built Stalag 342 nearby in July 1941. In July 1944, the city was recaptured by the Red Army. Almost 90% of the Maladsetschna was destroyed; it had only 5,000 inhabitants after the end of the fighting. In 1946 the Victory Park was built to commemorate the end of the war, and an obelisk was erected there in 1982.

The old castle

In the 14th century a fortress was also built in Maladsetschna. This was owned by various lords over the years. Some of them were the families: "Saslavskie, Sanguschki, Mstislavskie, Radsivilli, Ragosi, Tischkevitschi and Oginskie". In the 18th century, the city changed to Prince Ahinskis, who had the castle restored with the help of wood into a secular castle in orange and expanded it with a park. In the 19th century, under the rule of Oginski, the castle gradually deteriorated. Over time, the castle completely disappeared. Today only one archaeological monument remains for the city.

Stalag 342 - (main camp Maladsetschna)

From July 1941 until the liberation on July 5, 1944, Stalag 342 was a prisoner of war camp and concentration camp in the northeast of the city. A barracks served as the base, in which up to 30,000 people of all ages were interned at the same time. Sources report that over 60,000 people were killed in this camp. In 1996 a memorial was erected on this site.

geography

The city of Maladsetschna is located northwest of the Belarusian capital Minsk , in hilly terrain. The highest point is 320 m high and is near the town of Dubrava, near the rivers Usha, Vilia and Beresina . Around 30% of the area is covered by forest. There are also 14 wetlands in the vicinity. The largest swamp is called Berezinskoye.

economy

The city is home to the mechanical engineering and food industries. The structure of the city's industry is electrotechnical industry, food industry, metalworking, production of building materials, furniture, light industry, production of perfumery and ceramic products.

education

• 14 schools (including 5 grammar schools)
• Art schools
• Children's art school
• Children's school for wind instruments
• Medicine college
• MKOginsky Music University
• Polytechnic University
• University of Commerce and Economics
• 7 public libraries
• High School - College of Arts

Infrastructure

Road traffic

The federal highways R28, R56 and R106 run through Maladsetschna. The R 28 federal road connects Maladsetschna directly with the capital of Belarus, Minsk . The federal highways R56 and R106 lead to other large cities such as Smarhon or Waloschyn . The road and rail connections from Minsk to Vilnius and Hrodna ( Grodno ) run through Maladsetschna .

railroad

With the establishment of the Libavo - Romenskaya railway line in 1870, Maladechna has developed from a small town into a real big city. At the beginning of the 1920s, another railway line was laid through Maladechna, which connects the most important states of the former Soviet Union. With the laying of these railway lines, a large and important railway junction developed in Maladsetschna. In 1907 the station building, which is still preserved today, was built in Art Nouveau style. Today the freight trains from Maladechna go to Minsk , Vilnius , Lida or Polatsk . Maladsetschna's passenger trains have a direct connection with Moscow , St. Petersburg , Riga , Kaliningrad , Hrodna , Vitebsk and many other large cities. In the city, residents can use buses and shared taxis, the local bus company is responsible for this.

Culture and sights

Regular events

Since 1993 a literature and music festival has been held annually in Maladsetschna. The specialty of this festival is that only Belarusian is sung and performed. Poems and songs of old and new generations come to life. There is a local museum of the Minsk region in the city . Maladsetschna also houses a playhouse and a puppet theater "Batlejka". In 2006 and 2013, the regional festival of Estrada , i.e. pop music, took place in Maladsetschna , and concerts by local musicians are also held in the city. The reggae band “Botanic Project” comes from Maladsetschna, but the alternative rock scene is also well represented there. Films and series were also shot in this city. Since 2000 a historical, homeland and literary almanac has been published annually.

Attractions

The churches have a large urban presence, be it the “Pokrovskaja” or the church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin on the market square. It was built from 1867 to 1871 on the site of the Orthodox church that was destroyed in 1850 and lavishly furnished. Unfortunately, the relics were never returned during the evacuation by the Red Army before the advancing German troops.
Other popular sights are the train station from 1907, the “Trinita” monastery and the old castle.

The Palace of Arts - A center for art and culture in Maladechna

Palace of Culture

Construction began in 1989 and was not completed until 2002. It was completed when the current Belarusian president Aljaksandr Lukashenka made the importance of this cultural center clear to the residents. Its opening had one of the biggest changes in Maladsehna and gave a new impetus to the artistic search. It is unique for its architecture. Exhibits by artists from around the world can be found in the exhibition hall. In the evening there are programs that invite you to relax and take place in the dance hall. In addition, clubs and sights crowd. In the attic of the palace you can watch cable TV, go to the ladies' salon "Orchidee" or to the café "Lasurhoe".

Sports

There are various ways to do sports in the Molodetschnensky District. In addition to an ice sports center, there are 37 gyms, three stadiums, nine swimming pools, an athletics arena, six beach volleyball fields, three mini football fields with artificial turf and two sports and health centers.

Religions

General information

In Molodechnensky district there are 50 religious communities - 27 Orthodox, 10 Catholic, 7 Evangelical and many more.

Information about the religions in Maladseschna:

• Orthodox
• Roman Catholic
• Evangelical
• Judaism
• Muslims

Sons and daughters

• Jan Czepułkowski (1930–2016), Polish weightlifter
• Wassil Kapzjuch (* 1967), discus thrower
• Juri Kasabutski (* 1970), Catholic auxiliary bishop in Minsk-Mahiljou

Information for tourists

The most famous places

• the historical landmarks in the city
• the memorial complex
• the teachers' seminar
• the synagogue
• the Church of Pokrova Presvyatoj Bogoroditsy
• the railroad

The lost inheritance

• the Arc de Triomphe
• the Uniatski Church
• the Oginski Palace

Twin cities

Esslingen am Neckar , Germany

Bor , Russia

Cherepovets , Russia

Kaluga , Russia

Swetly , Kaliningrad Oblast , Russia (since May 2014)

Kolomna , Russia

Florești , Moldova

Irpin , Ukraine

Jelgava , Latvia

Panevėžys , Lithuania

Piotrków Trybunalski , Poland

Sokółka , Poland

Velingrad , Bulgaria

Web links

Commons : Maladsetschna  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Dietrich Beyrau , Rainer Lindner: Handbook of the history of Belarus . Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-36255-2 , p. 127.
2. ↑ Stalag 342 ( Memento of the original from February 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.