Psychiatric Center North Baden
| Psychiatric Center North Baden | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Sponsorship | Institute of public right |
| place | Wiesloch |
| state | Baden-Württemberg |
| Country |
 Germany
|
| Coordinates | 49 ° 18 '14 " N , 8 ° 42' 14" E |
| management | Anett Rose-Losert |
| Care level | Specialized hospital |
| beds | 1,070 (2015) |
| Employee | 1,070 (2015) |
| including doctors | 124 (2015) |
| areas of expertise | Psychiatry , psychotherapy |
| Annual budget | € 184.4 million (2015) |
| founding | 1905 |
| Website | www.pzn-wiesloch.de |
The Psychiatric Center North Baden ( PZN ) is located in Wiesloch in the Rhein-Neckar district in the north-west of Baden-Württemberg , a few kilometers south of Heidelberg . The PZN comprises a park-like building complex at the northern entrance to Wiesloch. The buildings and the park are subject to ensemble protection. In over 100 years the hospital has developed into a specialist hospital for psychiatry . After the ZfP Südwuerttemberg, it is the second largest psychiatric hospital in the state of Baden-Württemberg and, like the latter, a legally independent member of the ZfP Group Baden-Württemberg . The center is the academic teaching hospital of Heidelberg University .
The abbreviations "Psych" or "PLK" (from the former name Psychiatrisches Landeskrankenhaus), "Anstalt" (from the legal form) or simply "Wiesloch" are occasionally used in the region in a derogatory sense for hospital or its closed departments .
history
Planning and construction
In 1900 the Grand Duchy of Baden had 2,395 beds for insane care , but the psychiatric university clinics in Heidelberg and Freiburg im Breisgau and the three existing institutions in Pforzheim, Illenau and Emmendingen were completely overcrowded. In 1901 the directors of the three insane care institutions in Baden, Messrs. Fischer, Ihle and Hardt, wrote the memorandum on the current state of insane care in Baden and its future design , in which the construction of two new institutions was suggested, one of them near Heidelberg . The Baden state parliament approved the proposals on July 27, 1902. Around 20 municipalities applied for the establishment. The choice of location was primarily dependent on the landscape , as the institution wanted to be built on the model of a garden city . In Wiesloch, an attractive hillside location was found on Wilhelmshöhe with a distant view of the Rhine plain and the Leimbachtal, whereupon the city was awarded the contract to build the institution.
The Baden institution directors, the consultant for the insane and the building councilors Koch and Levy were involved in the planning phase. The building councils visited various institutions in Germany and Switzerland and then regarded the institution in Emmendingen, built in 1880-89, as exemplary, as the principle of separating sick groups and the distinction between open and closed departments had already been advanced there.
For Wiesloch, building officer Julius Koch therefore also planned a system of loosely arranged smaller buildings ("pavilions"), which extend along curved paths to the west and east of the centrally arranged central administration building. The facility in Altscherbitz, also made up of pavilions around the central building, served as a structural model for the planning . The facility was designed to accommodate around 1,000 patients. The first plans envisaged building costs of 7.2 million RM, so they had to be revised in 1903 in order to stay within the budget of 5 million RM. Koch reduced the number of buildings and increased the occupancy of the remaining buildings in order to continue to offer space for 1,000 patients, and finally came to a planned sum of 5.75 million RM. Although the plans were still out of budget, they were eventually adopted.
The site was developed from July 1903. The water for the system was obtained from springs in the Maisbachtal and fed via a pumping station into an elevated tank on the premises of the institution. A separate sewage treatment plant was built within the plant for the wastewater, from which the treated water was diverted into the Leimbach. Construction work began in spring 1904. Within the first year, four hospital pavilions, the kitchen, parts of the administration building and a boiler house were built.
Early years of operation
On October 20, 1905, the "Grand Ducal Badische Heil- und Pflegeanstalt bei Wiesloch" started operations in these buildings. The first 50 patients were transferred from Emmendingen. In the further course of expansion, the institution mainly took in patients from Heidelberg and Illenau.
Construction work on the site continued until 1916 and then came to a standstill due to the war. By then, 27 hospitals, the administration building, twelve staff houses (mostly semi-detached houses) and various utility buildings (kitchen, laundry room, workshop, boiler house, pumping station, section house) had been completed. The buildings have different architectural specifics. The first erected, remote pumping station in the Maisbachtal mainly takes up elements of the English country house architecture. The large hospital building from 1904/05, on the other hand, with its corner blocks, curved dormers and portal roofs and large mansard roofs , belongs to the neo-baroque style of historicism . The administration building from 1905/06 had neo-renaissance features . Finally, the smaller hospital buildings are designed in the new country house style that has already been removed from historicism in the spirit of Paul Schultze-Naumburg , who was also involved in the design of the green areas from 1905.
In the early years, the focus of the work of the institution was initially on occupational therapy in agriculture and horticulture , but also on the further development of green spaces and streets and paths, for women there were occupational therapies in the kitchen and laundry room and in the sewing room. Long-term baths and sleeping pills were mainly used to treat the irritable condition of the sick.
During the First World War, 38 percent of the male personnel were drafted into military service. 21 soldiers died in the process. In the institution itself, as a result of the emergency in the late war and early post-war years, there were also frequent deaths, mainly as a result of the famine.
In the early 1920s, six more staff residences were built and the church building on the site, which had already begun before the war, was completed. When the church was inaugurated on October 20, 1925 for the institution's 20th anniversary, there were 67 buildings, including 27 hospitals, 22 administration and farm buildings and 16 residential buildings with a total of 73 staff apartments.
After that, they wanted to complete the central hall construction that had already begun, but the global economic crisis initially led to a simplification of the building plans and finally to the cessation of work. The external care that has now been taken up, z. B. through the care center for nervous and mentally ill people in Mannheim, which opened in 1922, had to be completely discontinued.
Around 1930, therefore, the focus was on occupational therapy within the institution, which in the meantime consisted of field work , fruit growing , silkworm cultivation , medicinal plant cultivation , as well as basket weaving , weaving and other trades. From 1919 to 1931, the Hohenhardter Hof was also leased to grow food and feed.
time of the nationalsocialism
During the time of National Socialism, the institution was transformed more and more into a service enterprise in which the focus was less on medical care and more on economic income.
After 1938 1000 patients were deported as part of the T4 campaign , the institution also served as an intermediate station for the removal of 1000 patients from the area. Between 1940 and 1944, 2,200 men and women were abducted and murdered in the " euthanasia " killing operation in Grafeneck and Hadamar . The number of patients who perished there from 1942 onwards due to transfers to other facilities is likely to be between 800 and 1,000.
On June 10, 1941, the Wiesloch sanatorium and nursing home were brought to the Wiesloch sanctuary in a collective transport, including the two Jews MK and AW, who had previously been housed in the Geisingen district nursing home . They were transported to the General Government via a collection camp near Stuttgart . On July 10, 1942, Wilhelm Möckel informed the Ministry of the Interior in Karlsruhe that the institution was "free of Jews".
At least twelve infants and older children from the “ children's department ” of the psychiatry set up by the National Socialists were killed under Arthur Schreck as head of the department or left to be killed by the doctor Fritz Kühnke. Seven children were buried in the prison cemetery, which was leveled during wartime at the instigation of Wilhelm Möckel, the head of the institution.
The house was then alternately and partly simultaneously a military hospital , alternative hospital and refugee camp . An air raid in 1944 claimed more victims.
Most of the sick and incapacitated forced laborers housed there, also called IRO patients (IRO = International Refugee Organization , founded in 1946) after the war , did not survive their stay.
Work-up
Arthur Schreck was imprisoned from October 1945 to April 1951. On August 1, 1954, his civil rights were restored. Prime Minister Gebhard Müller officially pardoned him in March 1958. From 1946 Fritz Kühnke ran a practice as a pediatrician in Hamburg. The manslaughter trial initiated against him in 1963 was dropped. Investigations against the head of the institution at the time, Wilhelm Möckel, were discontinued after the Wiesloch district court exonerated him in 1948 as a "resistance fighter".
Since 1980 a memorial cross in front of the hospital church commemorates the victims of National Socialism, some of whom are buried in the institution cemetery.
An initiative by employees and church representatives made it possible in 1994 to erect the current memorial for the euthanasia victims next to the central building near the roundabout . The artist Susanne Zetzmann made it. It represents a broken, split-off circle.
In 2007, in memory of the so-called IRO patients, the IRO memorial above the roundabout in the festival hall was presented to the public. It was created by the artist and PZN doctor Elke Weicke.
Since January 27, 2015, a memorial site has been commemorating the twelve murdered children of the Wiesloch children 's department below the crime scene at the time, House 59 . It was opened during the commemoration in the presence of Minister of Social Affairs Katrin Altpeter . The information sheet "Reminder" provides information about the memorials of the PZN-Wiesloch.
In 2012, Franz Peschke published a comprehensive paper on the sanatorium in the Third Reich. In 2005 he published a paper about the forced laborers in the Wiesloch refugee camp.
Frank Janzowski, psychologist and former employee of the PZN, researched the history of the Wiesloch sanatorium and nursing home during the National Socialist era. He published the first results in 2011. To commemorate the victims of National Socialism, he published a monograph in January 2015.
State psychiatric hospital from 1953
In 1945, only four of the original 27 hospital buildings were still occupied by the institution, the rest of the facility served as an emergency hospital. It was not until 1953 that all non-institutional facilities were cleared. The evacuation of the building was followed by successive renovation measures. The houses were gradually made available again for psychiatric care with up to 1,800 beds. In 1953 the facility was named "Psychiatric State Hospital Wiesloch" (PLK) and its own nursing staff training was offered.
In the post-war period, work therapy was once again the focus of measures for the sick. Then to a greater degree that came healing varicose treatment by Cardiazol added, finally, treatment with psychotropic drugs , which tremendously intensified the general reactivation of the patients in labor and occupational therapy. As part of sociotherapy , the gender segregation that was initially practiced in the regional hospital was gradually abandoned.
The major upheaval in the nature of the institution led to the need for structures that were adapted to the new circumstances as early as the 1950s. In 1958, the institute applied for the construction of a large kitchen, a laundry with a tailor's shop, a central heating system, further hospital buildings, a reception and treatment building with a further 200 beds as well as a communal building for 500 people and further staff accommodation. In the course of the construction work, numerous old buildings were also modernized. However, the largest of the construction projects, the central reception and treatment building, could not yet be implemented. Instead, the wing of the building erected in Kirchgrund for the forensic psychiatry was temporarily used as a reception station.
Along with the expansion of the facility, the in-house pharmacy was significantly expanded and, above all, the neuropathology of the institution was massively expanded. Physical measures such as therapeutic gymnastics and sports were included in general therapy . Occupational therapy was diversified and expanded in the 1960s.
While there were mostly around 300 employees in the nursing service from 1915 to 1940 and then again around 1955, the workforce in this area rose to over 400 by 1970 and exceeded the mark of 600 nursing staff by 1980. The total workforce grew from around 400 employees in 1950 to around 1100 employees in 1980. In 1974 the hospital was divided into three medical treatment units.
The commissioning of the new central building, which was built in 1985 on the site of the demolished old administration building, resulted in considerable spatial improvements. The new Psychiatry Personnel Ordinance in 1990 also enabled a significant increase in staff. After the introduction of long-term care insurance , the long-term care case was reorganized into a psychiatric residential and nursing home in 1995 .
Psychiatric Center North Baden from 1996
The Psychiatric Center North Baden (PZN) was given a new legal form in 1996 for politically required independence.
In 2001 the PZN opened its first branch clinic in Bruchsal under the name of the Bruchsal Psychiatric Clinic at the time.
In Baden-Wuerttemberg in 2002, negotiations were held at government level to merge the nine centers for psychiatry into a state holding company .
In 2003, psychiatric institute outpatients for general and geriatric psychiatry and the addiction area were set up, followed in 2004 by day clinics for the specialist departments of general psychiatry, gerontological psychiatry and addiction therapy. In 2006, the prison ward 07 was inaugurated after only 13 months of construction. In addition, the second branch of the PZN, known at the time as the “Mosbach Psychiatric Clinic”, was opened at the Mosbach district hospital. A day clinic, a psychosomatic ward and a psychiatric outpatient clinic were put into operation.
The PZN consistently pursued the stated goal of creating local treatment options: With the opening of the "Psychosomatic Clinic Schwetzingen" on April 4, 2008 in what was then the Schwetzingen district hospital, the care of mentally ill people in the Rhein-Neckar district was significantly improved. Since then, patients have had access to a day clinic, a specialist psychiatric outpatient clinic (with general psychiatric and addiction therapy offers) and a ward for psychosomatic medicine. Since October 2013 the PZN has also been operating a branch in Weinheim, at the GRN Clinic Weinheim. In 2012 all PZN branch offices were renamed and are now known in the respective communities under the name "Center for Mental Health".
In 2009 the PZN joined the nationwide “Alliance against Depression” with two groups of action (Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis and Rhein-Neckar Süd). The nursing schools of the GRN Schwetzingen, Sinsheim / Eberbach and the PZN Wiesloch were brought together under one roof in the “Bildungszentrum Gesundheit Rhein-Neckar GmbH”. The BZG also offers the opportunity to complete the "Bachelor of Arts in Nursing" course.
Hermann J. Fliß has been the first appointed managing director of the PZN Wiesloch since the change in legal form in 1996. After 20 years, he will retire at the end of 2015. Anett Rose-Losert has been the new managing director since January 2016.
The Baden-Wuerttemberg Centers for Psychiatry changed their establishment law and their statutes in 2009 and will in future appear under a common sender brand “ZfP”. The word / figurative mark “ZfP” was confirmed as registered on December 15, 2009 by the trademark office in Munich. The North Baden Psychiatric Center thus became recognizable as a company of the ZfP Group Baden-Württemberg . This group also includes the other former state hospitals in Baden-Württemberg, a total of seven facilities belong to the ZfP group. However, they retained their legal independence.
There were escapes from the clinic on November 7, 2011, April 26, 2017 and July 26, 2017.
Medical Directors
List of medical directors from 1905 to the present day
| from | to | Surname |
|---|---|---|
| 1905 | 1924 | Max Fischer |
| 1927 | 1933 | Adolf Gross |
| 1933 | 1945 | Wilhelm Möckel |
| 1945 | 1948 | Adalbert Gregor |
| 1949 | 1951 | Heinrich Kranz |
| 1952 | 1974 | Kurt Hoffmann-Steudner |
| 1975 | 1984 | Hans Gebhardt |
| 1985 | 1985 | Ernst Bechtold |
| 1986 | 1997 | Hans Dieter Middelhoff |
| 1997 | 2003 | Rolf-Dieter Splitthoff |
| 2004 | 2009 | Markus Schwarz |
| 2009 | today | Barbara Richter |
Structure and organization
The institution has been a public law institution since the change in legal form in 1996, and a company of the ZfP Group Baden-Württemberg since 2009 . The responsible department is the Ministry of Social Affairs . The supervisory board consists of six people. Managing director Anett Rose-Losert is responsible for the business. The management consists of nine people. The position of Medical Director was transferred to a woman, Barbara Richter, for the first time since the establishment of the facility in 2009.
Forms of therapy and care
Specialist medical psychiatric care and psychotherapy , psychiatric nursing , forensic and geriatric psychiatry , addiction therapy (also: alcohol addiction , low-threshold drug rehabilitation and addiction rehabilitation) Psychiatric Nursing (APP), movement therapy , art therapy, music therapy , occupational therapy in occupational therapy , debt counseling , pastoral care , social services , Dialectical-behavioral therapy of borderline disorders (DBT), mother-child treatment, mother-tongue treatment of Turkish patients, Wiesloch interdisciplinary pain conference .
The individual clinics
There are six independent clinics:
- General psychiatry, psychotherapy and psychosomatic medicine I
- General psychiatry, psychotherapy and psychosomatics II
- Gerontopsychiatric Center
- Forensic psychiatry and psychotherapy ( penal system )
- Addiction therapy and weaning
- Psychiatric residential and nursing home
All clinics of the specialist facility for adult psychiatry offer inpatient, outpatient (specialist outpatient clinics) and day clinic treatment for needs-based psychiatric care. There are branch offices in Bruchsal, in Mosbach at the Neckar-Odenwald-Klinik in Mosbach, at the GRN-Klinik Schwetzingen and since October 2013 in Weinheim at the GRN-Klinik (Center for Mental Health Weinheim). In Wiesloch as well as at the locations of the branch offices, psychosomatic offers round off the treatment offer. In addition, the was set up for outpatient care.
The hospital has had its own educational, event and conference institute, the Akademie im Park , since 1998 , its own kitchen with a personal casino and a laundry (outsourced to the “Servicegesellschaft Nordbaden mbH”, SGN for short, since 2006), a state-recognized health facility - and nursing school (outsourced to the Bildungszentrum Gesundheit Rhein-Neckar GmbH, BZG for short, founded in 2009), a nursery for plant maintenance and various craft trades. Due to its size, the clinic has its own fire department with 22 fire fighters.
General Information
- Area / area = 90 hectares
- 75 buildings with 45 stations or houses
- around 9,000 new entries per year
- approx. 1,070 beds / therapy places
- Length of stay: on average around 25 days in the hospital area
- Employees: around 1,600 (75% of employees work in the nursing / therapeutic area)
See also
- List of psychiatric hospitals in Baden-Württemberg
- List of delivery institutions to the Grafeneck Nazi killing center
literature
- Psychiatric State Hospital Wiesloch (Ed.): 75 years of the Psychiatric State Hospital Wiesloch. Wiesloch 1980.
- Antje Mues: A garden city for the mentally ill - the building history of the Wiesloch sanatorium. In: Wiesloch - Contributions to History. Volume 2, Ubstadt-Weiher 2001, pp. 290-304.
- Christoph Mundt, Gerrit Hohendorf, Maike Rotzoll: Psychiatric research and Nazi “euthanasia”. Contribution to a memorial event at the Psychiatric University Clinic Heidelberg. Das Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 2001, ISBN 3-88423-165-0 .
- Franz Peschke: Economy, murder and planned economy. The Wiesloch sanatorium in the Third Reich. Projektverlag, Bochum / Freiburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-89733-259-1 .
- Franz Eduard Peschke: Foreign patients in Wiesloch. Fate and history of the forced laborers, eastern workers, "displaced persons" and "homeless foreigners" in the sanatorium, the mental hospital, the psychiatric state hospital in Wiesloch and the psychiatric center in North Baden. Matthiesen Verlag, Husum 2005 (Treatises on the history of medicine and the natural sciences, issue 103, ISBN 978-3-7868-4103-6 )
- Mario Damolin: The forgotten of the world war. IRO patients in Wiesloch. In: FAZ of December 16, 2006.
- Frank Janzwoski: The Nazi past in the Wiesloch sanatorium. ... that's how intensely we devote our labor to eliminating the hereditary diseases. Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2015, ISBN 978-3-89735-852-2 .
- Franz Peschke: The Wiesloch sanatorium and nursing home in the Third Reich. Lecture from November 13, 2009, transcript
- Melanie Mertens: A villa colony as a healing facility. The former healing and nursing home Wiesloch. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg , year 2018, issue 2, pp. 125–132 (PDF; 5.8 MB)
Films:
- Mario Damolin: End of the line psychiatry. Former forced laborers in Wiesloch. 30 minutes, SDR 1994
- Mario Damolin: missing in psychiatry. Latvia 1944 - Germany 2004, 45 minutes, SWR 2005
- Psychiatric Center North Baden: Everything in the green area - short film about the facility. 14 minutes, nes-media 2009
Web links
- Website
- Psychiatry in Baden-Württemberg
- The training facility - Academy in the Park
- The nursing school - Bildungszentrum Rhein-Neckar GmbH
- The service company Nordbaden SGN
- Ver.di on a pilot project - a service GmbH as a 100 percent subsidiary of the PZN
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d pzn-wiesloch.de
- ↑ Hans Gebhardt in: 75 Years ..., 1980.
- ^ Mues 2001.
- ↑ Hans Gebhardt in: 75 Years ..., 1980.
- ↑ From buridal to Baiertal 1988, pp. 38/39.
- ↑ pzn-wiesloch.de
- ↑ tenhumbergreinhard.de
- ↑ Series of publications by the working group "The Wiesloch Sanatorium and Nursing Home in the Nazi Era" ( Memento from May 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ esslinger-zeitung.de
- ↑ pzn-wiesloch.de
- ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 105.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Franz Peschke: Economy, murder and planned economy. The Wiesloch Sanatorium in the Third Reich Series Aspects of Medical Philosophy, Volume 10, Projektverlag, Bochum / Freiburg im Breisgau 2012.
- ↑ Frank Janzowski: The Nazi past in the sanatorium and nursing home Wiesloch Ubstadt-Weiher u. a .: Verlag Regionalkultur 2015, ISBN 978-3-89735-852-2 .
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Rüdiger Soldt: "Taxi killer" flees from psychiatry. In: FAZ.net . May 8, 2011, accessed October 13, 2018 .
- ↑ nokzeit.de
- ↑ viernheimer-nachrichten.de
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Alma Kreuter: German-speaking neurologists and psychiatrists. Walter de Gruyter, 2013, ISBN 978-3-11-096165-2 , p. 342 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
- ^ Center for Mental Health Bruchsal
- ^ Center for Mental Health Neckar-Odenwald
- ^ Center for Mental Health Schwetzingen
- ↑ Outpatient Psychiatric Nursing Service (APP)
- ^ Academy in the Park
