Pudukkottai (District)

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Pudukkottai
District புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டம்
District map
State Tamil Nadu
Administrative headquarters : Pudukkottai
Area : 4,644 km²
Residents : 1,618,345 (2011)
Population density : 348 inhabitants / km²
Website : pudukkottai.tn.nic.in

The district of Pudukkottai ( Tamil புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டம் Putukkōṭṭai māvaṭṭam ) is a district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . The administrative center is the eponymous city of Pudukkottai . The Pudukkottai district has an area of ​​4,644 square kilometers and a population of 1.6 million (2011 census).

geography

Fields at Regunathapuram

The Pudukkottai district is located southwest of the Kaveri Delta and belongs to the Chola Nadu region , the historic heartland of the Chola Empire. Neighboring districts are Ramanathapuram in the south, Sivaganga in the southwest, Tiruchirappalli in the northwest and Thanjavur in the northeast. In the southeast the district has a share of the coast of the Palk Bay , the part of the Bay of Bengal between India and Sri Lanka .

The area of ​​the Pudukkottai district is 4,652 square kilometers. The terrain is flat and has no special landscape features. The periodically water-bearing river Vallaru flows through the district area . Isolated rocks rise from the otherwise flat surroundings.

In the Pudukkottai district there is an alternately humid tropical climate . The annual mean temperature in Pudukkottai is 28.6 ° C, the annual mean precipitation is 910 mm. Most of the rainfall occurs during the northeast monsoon between October and December. Rainfalls also occur during the southwest monsoon between July and September.

history

The Palace of the Rajas of Pudukkottai

Today's Pudukkottai district is largely congruent with the area of ​​the historic princely state of Pudukkottai . This was founded by Ragunatha Tondiman at the end of the 17th century . In the Carnatic Wars in the 18th century, the Rajas of Pudukkottai allied themselves with the British and were therefore allowed to continue to rule Pudukottai as a nominally independent princely state under British sovereignty during the British colonial period . One year after Indian independence, the princely state of Pudukkottai was dissolved in 1948 and added to the Tiruchirappalli district of the then state of Madras , which was reorganized in 1956 according to the language borders of Tamil and renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. In 1974 the area of ​​Pudukkottai was detached from the Tiruchirappalli district to form the Pudukkottai district with some areas from the Thanjavur district.

population

Field worker harvesting in Tirumayam

According to the 2011 Indian census, the Pudukkottai district has 1,618,345 inhabitants. The district is sparsely populated and clearly characterized by rural areas: the population density of 348 inhabitants per square kilometer is below the average for Tamil Nadu (555 inhabitants per square kilometer). Only 20 percent of the population of Pudukkottai district live in cities (the average for the state is 48 percent). 18 percent of the district's population are scheduled castes . At 77 percent, the literacy rate is below the state average (80 percent).

According to the 2011 census , the Hindus make up a large majority of the district's residents, at 88 percent. There are also minorities of Muslims (7 percent) and Christians (4.5 percent). The main language in the district Pudukkottai is like all over Tamil Nadu, the Tamil . According to the 2001 census, 99 percent of the district's residents speak it as their first language.

Attractions

Tirumayam - fort and temple
Kodumbalur - Muvar Koil Temple

The Pudukkottai district is off the beaten track, but has a number of culturally and historically valuable sites that are almost without exception in or near granite or basalt rocks rising from the flat landscape :

  • In the village of Tirumayam , about 20 km to the south, there are the ruins of a fortress built in the 17th century on a steep rock. At the foot of the rock there are two cave temples , one of which is dedicated to Lord Shiva and the other to Vishnu . The Vishnu sanctuary belongs to the Divya Desams , the 108 holy places of Tamil Vishnuism .
  • Approx. 15 km to the northwest is the village of Panangudi with a small but noteworthy Shiva temple.
  • In the village of Kudumiyamalai , about 18 km to the west, a large, round rock hill rises from the plain. The place is an old Shiva place of worship. At the foot of the granite rock stands a brick temple of a Nayak dynasty from the 17th century. Behind it an entrance leads into a small cave temple from the 7th or 8th century. A 3 m wide rock inscription has been preserved on the smooth rock wall between a recessed Ganesha relief and the temple wall, which is one of the earliest sources of Indian music . The vowel notation of the melodic material of seven basic ragas is ascribed to the Pallava ruler Mahendravarman I (ruled around 600–630).
  • About 18 km northwest is the village of Sittannavasal . Here is the Jain cave temple Arivarkoil from the 7th with heavily darkened wall paintings from the 8th or 9th century. Near the cave temple is the oldest inscription in the district, a Tamil Brahmi inscription from the 1st century BC. To see.
  • A complex of two cave temples and several outdoor temples is located in the granite rocks near the village of Narthamalai, which is about 20 km to the northwest .
  • The village of Kodumbalur with two temples from the second half of the 9th century is located almost 50 km to the northwest .

Administrative division

The Pudukkottai district is divided into eleven taluks :

Taluk main place Population
(2011)
Alangudi Alangudi 170.419
Aranthangi Aranthangi 195,782
Avudayarkoil Avudayarkoil 87,250
Gandarvakkottai Gandarvakkottai 89,982
Iluppur Iluppur 219.491
Karambakkudi Karambakkudi 110.604
Kulathur Kulathur 162,524
Manamelkudi Manamelkudi 86,672
Ponnamaravathi Ponnamaravathi 108,479
Pudukkottai Pudukkottai 228.282
Tirumayam Tirumayam 158,860

Cities

In the district Pudukkottai, there are three cities with its own city government ( Municipalities ), seven after the Panchayat managed system townships ( Town Panchayats ) and five census towns ( census town ). The number of inhabitants is given according to the 2011 census.

Municipalities
Town panchayats
Censorship cities

Web links

Commons : Pudukkottai District  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Abstract - Tamil Nadu. (PDF; 873 kB)
  2. ↑ Climate data from climate-data.org .
  3. ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - Tamil Nadu. Chapter - I Population, Size and Decadal Change.
  4. ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - Tamil Nadu. Chapter - II Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Population.
  5. ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - Tamil Nadu. Chapter - III Literates and Literacy Rate.
  6. ^ Census of India 2011: C-1 Population By Religious Community. Tamil Nadu.
  7. ↑ Census of India 2001: C-15: Population by Mother Tongue (Tamil Nadu), accessed under Tabulations Plan of Census Year - 2001 .
  8. ^ Pudukkottai District, Points of Interest
  9. ↑ DR Widdess: The Kudumiyamalai inscription: a source of early Indian music in notation. In: Laurence Picken (Ed.): Musica Asiatica. Volume 2. Oxford University Press, London 1979, ISBN 0-19-323235-9 , pp. 115-150.
  10. ↑ Sittanavasal. (PDF; 1.1 MB) indian-heritage.org
  11. ↑ a b Census of India 2011: Primary Census Abstract Data Tables: Pudukkottai.