Kanchipuram (District)

Kanchipuram District காஞ்சிபுரம் மாவட்டம்
State	Tamil Nadu
Administrative headquarters :	Kanchipuram
Area :	4,483 km²
Residents :	3,998,252
Population density :	892 inhabitants / km²
Website :	kanchi.tn.nic.in

The district of Kanchipuram ( Tamil : காஞ்சிபுரம் மாவட்டம் ; also: Kancheepuram ) is a district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . The administrative center of the district is the eponymous city of Kanchipuram . The Kanchipuram district has an area of ​​4,483 square kilometers and a population of just under 4.0 million (2011 census).

geography

Coast at Injambakkam

The Kanchipuram District is located on the Coromandel Coast in northeast Tamil Nadu. It borders in the north on the city district of Chennai and the district of Tiruvallur , in the northwest on the district Vellore , in the west on the district Tiruvannamalai and in the south on the district Viluppuram . To the east lies the coast of the Bay of Bengal .

The area of ​​the Kanchipuram District is 4,483 square kilometers. The area of ​​the district belongs to the flat Tamil Nadu coastal plain and is traversed by the Palar river. The northeastern part of the Kanchipuram district belongs to the Chennais catchment area, the capital of Tamil Nadu. The metropolitan region of Chennai , the fourth largest metropolitan area in India, extends into the area of ​​the Kanchipuram district. Since the city expansion of Chennais in 2011, part of the Kanchipuram district has also been part of the administrative city of Chennais. The southwestern part of the district, on the other hand, is clearly rural.

In the district of Kanchipuram there is an alternately humid tropical climate . The annual mean temperature in Kanchipuram is 28.3 ° C, the annual mean precipitation is 1,083 mm. Most of the rainfall occurs during the northeast monsoon between October and December. Rainfalls also occur during the southwest monsoon between July and September.

history

The Kailashanatha Temple in Kanchipuram dates from the Pallava period (copper engraving from 1811)

Today's Kanchipuram district was the heart of the Pallava Empire, which had Kanchipuram as its capital from the 3rd to 9th centuries. Subsequently, the area was ruled by the Cholas , the Vijayanagar rulers and the Nawabs of Arcot before it came under British control in the 18th century .

The forerunner of today's Kanchipuram District was the Chengalpattu (Chingleput) district. The British had set up this in 1788 after they had taken over the rule from the Nawabs of Arcot and incorporated the area into the province of Madras . After Indian independence, the district became part of the newly formed state of Madras (now Tamil Nadu) in 1956. In 1968 Kanchipuram became the administrative seat of the district. Kanchipuram District was created in its current form in 1997 when the Chengalpattu District was divided into Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur Districts .

population

Weavers in a village near Kanchipuram

According to the 2011 Indian census, the Kanchipuram district has a population of 3,998,252. This makes it the second largest district of Tamil Nadu after the city district of Chennai. The district is very densely populated and very urbanized: with 892 inhabitants per square kilometer, the population density is one of the highest in Tamil Nadu and is significantly higher than the mean of the state (555 inhabitants per square kilometer). 64 percent of the residents of Kanchipuram District live in cities. The degree of urbanization is thus well above the Tamil Nadu average (48 percent). Due to its proximity to the rapidly expanding metropolis of Chennai, the Kanchipuram district is experiencing strong population growth: Between 2001 and 2011, the population grew by 39 percent. The population growth is well above the average for Tamil Nadu (16 percent) and is the highest of all districts in the state. At 85 percent, the literacy rate is above the state average (80 percent).

According to the 2011 census, 88.5 percent of the residents of Kanchipuram District are Hindus , 6.4 percent Christian and 4.3 percent Muslim .

The main language in the district of Kanchipuram is like all over Tamil Nadu, the Tamil . According to the 2001 census, 93.0 percent of the district's residents speak it as their mother tongue. In addition, as in many parts of Tamil Nadu, there is a minority of Telugu speakers who make up 4.0 of the district's population. A portion of the Muslims, 1.1 percent of the total population of the district, speak Urdu . The remaining 1.9 percent are spread across other languages.

According to the 2011 census, 23.7 percent of the district's residents are scheduled castes and 1.0 percent are scheduled tribes .

Economy and Infrastructure

Hyundai plants in Irungattukottai near Sriperumbudur

Thanks to its proximity to Chennai, the Kanchipuram district is economically well developed and heavily industrialized. Car manufacturers Hyundai and Ford as well as electronics companies Nokia and Motorola produce in the district . The most important branch of business is still agriculture, which according to the 2001 census employs 38 percent of the district's population. Mainly rice is grown . In addition, the city of Kanchipuram is traditionally a center of silk weaving . The place Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) is one of the most important tourist destinations in Tamil Nadu because of its sandy beaches and monuments from the Pallava period.

National Highway 4 runs through the Kanchipuram district from Chennai via Bangalore to Mumbai and National Highway 45 from Chennai to Theni . Along the east coast, the East Coast Road runs from Chennai via Puducherry to Cuddalore through the district. The railway line coming from the south splits in Chengalpattu into a branch to Chennai and one to Kanchipuram. Also, the Chennai International Airport is located in Meenambakkam in the territory of the district of Kanchipuram.

Attractions

The beach temple in Mamallapuram

Numerous temple buildings in the area of ​​the district testify to the heyday of art under the Pallavas in the 7th and 8th centuries . The most outstanding examples from the Pallava era can be found in the small town of Mamallapuram, which was a flourishing port at the time. The "five Rathas ", a group of monolithic rock temples created in the middle of the 7th century, and the beach temple from the early 8th century, located directly on the sea, had a decisive influence on the development of the Dravidian temple architecture and also the architecture of Southeast Asia . In addition, there are numerous other shrines, cave temples and reliefs carved out of the rock in Mamallapuram . The monuments of Mamallapuram have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985 .

The city of Kanchipuram is considered one of the seven holy cities of the Hindus. Several outstanding buildings from the Pallava period can be found among the city's over a hundred temples. The most important are the Kailashanatha Temple, which was built at the beginning of the 8th century and has been preserved in almost intact form, and the Vaikuntha Perumal Temple, also from the 8th century. More recent is the Ekambareshwara Temple, which was built around a sacred mango tree during the Vijayanagar rule in 1509.

Administrative division

Taluks

Kanchipuram District Taluks

Kanchipuram District is divided into the following ten taluks (sub-districts):

No.	Taluk	main place	surface	Population (2011)	Population density
1.	Sriperumbudur	Sriperumbudur	670.5 km²	486.063	725 inhabitants / km²
2.	Tambaram	Tambaram	20.2 km²	390.279	19,320 inhabitants / km²
3.	Alandur	Alandur	45.4 km²	678.927	14,954 inhabitants / km²
4th	Sholinganallur	Sholinganallur	135.5 km²	548.654	4,049 inhabitants / km²
5.	Chengalpattu	Chengalpattu	772.8 km²	571.254	739 inhabitants / km²
6th	Kanchipuram	Kanchipuram	624.9 km²	497.149	796 inhabitants / km²
7th	Uthiramerur	Uthiramerur	416.4 km²	145.376	349 inhabitants / km²
8th.	Tirukalukundram	Tirukalukundram	352.8 km²	196,807	558 inhabitants / km²
9.	Maduranthakam	Maduranthakam	760.0 km²	272,669	359 inhabitants / km²
10.	Cheyyur	Cheyyur	616.9 km²	203.719	330 inhabitants / km²

Municipalities

There are 8 municipalities in the district :

• Anakaputhur
• Chengalpattu
• Kanchipuram
• Maduranthakam
• Maraimalainagar
• Pallavaram
• Pammal
• Tambaram

Cities

There are 1,069 villages and 35 cities in Kanchipuram District.

city	Population (2011)
Acharapakkam	10,362
Alandur †	164,430
Anakaputhur	48,050
Chengalpattu	62,579
Chitlapakkam	37.906
Edakalinadu	28.172
Kanchipuram	164.384
Karunguzhi	12,485
Kundrathur	42,126
Madambakkam	31,681
Maduranthakam	30,796
Mamallapuram	15.172
Mangadu	38,188
Maraimalainagar	81,872
Meenambakkam †	4,286
Nandambakkam †	11,239
Nandivaram Guduvancheri	44,098
Pallavaram	215.417
Pallikaranai †	43,493
Pammal	75,870
Peerkankaranai	25,871
Perungalathur	37,342
Perungudi †	43.111
Puzhithivakkam †	53,322
Sembakkam	45,356
Sevilimedu	23,454
Sholinganallur †	26,644
Sriperumbudur	24,864
St. Thomas Mount-cum-Pallavaram	43,795
Tambaram	174,787
Tirukalukundram	29,391
Tiruneermalai	30,702
Tiruporur	13,666
Uthiramerur	25.194
Walajabad	14,684

†: The seven cities of Alandur , Puzhithivakkam , Pallikaranai , Perungudi , Sholinganallur , Nandambakkam and Meenambakkam as well as twelve neighboring villages were incorporated into the city of Chennai in 2011.

Web links

Commons : Kanchipuram District  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Kanchipuram District website

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Abstract - Tamil Nadu. (PDF; 873 kB)
2. ↑ Climate data from climate-data.org .
3. ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - Tamil Nadu. Chapter - I Population, Size and Decadal Change.
4. ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - Tamil Nadu. Chapter - III Literates and Literacy Rate.
5. ^ Census of India 2011: C-1 Population By Religious Community. Tamil Nadu.
6. ↑ Census of India 2001: C-15: Population by Mother Tongue (Tamil Nadu), accessed under Tabulations Plan of Census Year - 2001 .
7. ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - Tamil Nadu. Chapter - II Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Population.
8. ↑ Census GIS India: Population ( Memento of the original from January 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ↑ Entry on the website of the UNESCO World Heritage Center ( English and French ).
10. ^ Census of India 2011: Administrative Atlas of India . (PDF; 31.7 MB)
11. ↑ Kanchipuram District Statistical Handbook 2006: Area and Population. ( Memento of April 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 102 kB)
12. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals - Tamil Nadu-Census 2011. Sub District (Taluk) Level. ( Memento of the original from June 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.1 MB)  
13. ↑ www.tamilselvi.com
14. ↑ Query under Census of India 2011: Villages / Towns Directory - 2011.
15. ↑ Query under Census of India 2011: Search PCA Data by District / SubDistrict / Town / Village Name .
16. ↑ Chennai City Website: City Expansion.