District (Lübeck)
The quarters were the administrative structure of Lübeck's old town from the Middle Ages to modern times .
background
The origin of the quarter division can no longer be precisely determined. Presumably the urban area - i.e. today's old town - was already divided into four districts for administrative reasons in the 14th century, each of which was named after the patron saint of a church in the neighborhood.
For centuries, the quarters formed the basis for almost all administrative measures. For example, the annual determination and collection of the lap , an income and wealth tax , in which the value of real estate was also assessed, was organized on a quarterly basis. The quarter in which a citizen was domiciled also determined in which unit of the citizen companies he served.
All houses and households in Lübeck were clearly assigned to one quarter. Church properties, including (until 1803) the properties of the cathedral chapter in the cathedral district , were excluded from the division and did not belong to any quarter.
The neighborhood system lasted well into the 19th century. The street signs that were installed around 1850 and still exist today sometimes name the quarter in addition to the street name . With the increasing area growth of Lübeck beyond the area of the old town island, however, the division of the quarters then lost its purpose, as it no longer included the majority of the city's residents and was no longer a suitable tool for administrative tasks. In the second half of the 19th century it was therefore out of use and lost all meaning.
Contrary to today's spelling rules, the names of the quarters are traditionally not linked through ; the lack of hyphens is a characteristic of their proper names.
Marien-Magdalenen Quarter
The quarter in the northwest of the city island, named after the patron saint of the castle monastery , was bordered by Mengstraße , Breiter Straße , Kleiner Burgstraße , Kleiner Altefähre and what is now called An der Untertrave at the edge of the harbor. It was a distinct seafarers and travelers quarter, which was characterized by numerous inns and hostels and oriented towards the long-distance trading port. The court of the Teutonic Order was also located here as its branch. The historical street signs sometimes read "MMQ" or "M. Mgd. Qu. ”Abbreviated.
From the point of view of modern urban planning, the quarter consists of the numbered blocks 82 to 99 according to the Lübeck cityscape recording in the version of the first update to the year 1990. One will probably have to add block 100 with the castle monastery and the castle gate. Two of these blocks consist of two sub-blocks. In contrast to the original subdivision of quarters, the ecclesiastical property is of course included in the block consideration.
Marien Quartier
Located in the southwest of the city, the Marien Quartier, named after the Marienkirche , was surrounded by Mengstraße , Breiter Straße , Sandstraße , Klingenberg , Mühlenstraße , Musterbahn and the street on the banks of the Trave, known today as An der Obertrave . The quarter was shaped in particular by the local river boatmen, the Stecknitz drivers .
The urban planning defines the Marien Quartier according to the Lübeck cityscape survey in the version of the first update to the year 1990 as the numbered blocks 42 to 80. Two of these blocks consist of two sub-blocks.
Jakobi quarter
The quarter, located in the northeast of the city and named after the patron saint of the Jakobikirche , was bordered by Breiter Straße , Kleiner Burgstraße , Hinter der Burg , Großer Burgstraße , Kaiserstraße and the street that is now called the Wakenitzmauer and which continued until the Elbe-Lübeck Canal was built existing shoreline follows. The Jakobi Quartier was the headquarters of the leather and textile craftsmen as well as the brewers .
The urban planning defines the quarter according to the Lübeck cityscape recording in the version of the first update to the year 1990 as the numbered blocks 1 to 17.II. Two of these blocks consist of two sub-blocks.
Johannis quarters
The Johannis Quartier, named after the patron saint of the Johanniskloster , comprised the southeast of the city island, bounded by Mühlenstraße , Klingenberg , Sandstraße , Breiter Straße , Johannisstraße , Bei St. Johannis , Fleischhauerstraße and An der Mauer . Both merchants and craftsmen lived in the quarter, as well as nobles , some of whom owned properties on larger properties (courtyards).
The urban planning defines the quarter according to the Lübeck cityscape survey in the version of the first update to the year 1990 as the numbered blocks 18 to 38. Two of these blocks consist of two sub-blocks.
Quarters 1815
The idea of giving the individual houses in the quarters a number came up in 1795; it was carried out in 1796 through the allocation of house numbers related to the quarter . The Römhildsche Buchdruckerei then published an address book; the first appeared on New Year's 1798. In the course of the 1815 census, the number of houses and residents were determined based on the district. The houses were given new house numbers in the course of this count . The number of inhabitants was reduced by the French period . The number of houses had increased compared to the 18th century counts; this is attributed to the division of land due to increasing poverty. The following table refers to information from Zietz.
| Quarter | Residential buildings | Residents |
|---|---|---|
| Marien-Magdalenen Quarter | 827 | 5489 |
| Jakobi quarter | 797 | 5319 |
| Johannis quarters | 971 | 6651 |
| Marien Quartier | 1010 | 6376 |
| Old town without land areas totally | 3605 | 23835 |
Use of language today
Even today, the term "-viertel" is used to describe parts of Lübeck's old town geographically in the sense of residential areas. However, the quarters described in this way have become more fragmented. The people of Lübeck speak of the Domviertel, the Petrikirchviertel, the founders 'or merchants' quarters, the Aegidienviertel, the craftsmen's quarter and the Burgviertel.
literature
- Margrit Christensen: Small houses in Lübeck . Wachholtz 2006, ISBN 3-529-01325-0
- Heinrich Christian Zietz : Views of the Free Hanseatic City of Lübeck and its surroundings. Frankfurt a. M. 1822, p. 37 ff., P. 530.
- Carl Friedrich Wehrmann : The division of the city of Lübeck into four quarters. In: ZVGLA 3 (1876), pp. 601–604 ( digitized version )