RAW Friedrichshain
The RAW-Friedrichshain (formerly RAW temple, also RAW site ) in the Friedrichshain district of the Berlin district Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg is the largest contiguous, permanently culturally used site in Germany and the last industrial wasteland not yet modernized within the S-Bahn ring in Berlin (As of October 2019).
The former Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk (RAW) Berlin near the S-Bahn station Warschauer Strasse is bordered by Warschauer Strasse to the west, Revaler Strasse to the north, Modersohnstrasse to the east and the Berlin Stadtbahn route to the south . Today it is a symbol of Berlin's subculture and colorful nightlife . It mostly attracts tourists . The five gates of the “last Berlin open space” are open around the clock. As a self-governing socio - cultural center , it is one of Berlin's art institutions .
Use and leisure activities
Today the majority of the area is attached to various cultural and sports facilities (skater hall, climbing cone), concert halls (Cassiopeia, Astra) , studios and galleries (RAW ART, Kunstakademie Friedrichshain,) , clubs ( Suicide Circus , Weißer Hase, Urban Spree , Great Crested Grebes ), alternative cultural venues ( Zum dirty Hobby , Emmapea, Crack Bellmer ) and gastronomic establishments (Schalander brewery, as well as various snack bars ) are rented. In summer, the offer is expanded to include an open air cinema (Inselkino) and flea markets take place on Sundays .
The Skatehalle Berlin is the only indoor skate hall in Berlin and gained world fame in the skater scene when it opened (winter 2004/2005). The Zack children's circus offers daily courses such as acrobatics and clowning - also for adults. Many workshops, such as the ceramics workshop, offer courses and the academy in the official residence gives courses in nude and portrait drawing. The radio stations BLN.FM and PIradio ( Free Radio ) have studios on the RAW. The Drop in eV association has been located since 2017 . on the site that carries out intercultural youth work.
structure
Many, mainly the RAW studio houses, are in grassroots self-government. This means that the users organize themselves in house plenums, which in turn come together in delegate assemblies and working groups.
In 2018, artists, sports venues, cultural associations and alternative catering establishments joined forces in the so-called "socio-cultural L" and founded RAW Kultur L eG. The cooperative represents users externally, organizes, among other things, the Open House Day and carries out anniversaries and cooperations. '
The art and culture association RAW // cc eV offers not only cultural events, but also site tours and two temporary rooms for artistic and neighborhood use at low prices.
The Haubentaucher, Suicid Circus, Astra, Urban Spree, Badehaus, Weißer Hase and Friedrichshain clubs located on the premises are operated by private individuals who have not yet participated in self-administration.
The RAW has been private property since 1994 and is currently divided between four owners.
history
1867 to 1967
The Reichsbahn repair shop in Berlin on Warschauer Strasse was the oldest operation in Friedrichshain at the time. Only the western boundary of the property comes close to Warschauer Straße. The main building of the plant was located south of Revaler Straße. The company was opened on October 1, 1867 as the "Royal Prussian Railway Workshop Berlin II" of the Royal Directorate of the Eastern Railway in Bromberg (today Bydgoszcz ). At that time, the Royal Eastern Railway led via Königsberg ( East Prussia ) to the Russian border and had its western end point in the old Ostbahnhof (not to be confused with today's Berlin Ostbahnhof , originally Frankfurter Bahnhof) on Küstriner Platz , today's Franz-Mehring-Platz . The operation served the maintenance of locomotives as well as passenger and freight cars , most recently mainly refrigerated cars . The number of workers employed here reached 600 people after just a few years and the company was expanded accordingly. A further expansion took place in 1882 after the opening of the light rail , the number of employees rose to 1200 employees. With the formation of the Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen after the end of the November Revolution in 1919, the area was given the name Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk , or RAW for short - the abbreviation has remained to this day.
On October 14, 1967, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary, the work was named after the Bavarian communist Franz Stenzer, who was murdered during the Nazi era and thus became the Raw "Franz Stenzer".
Shutdown until 1995
On October 31, 1991, the gradual shutdown of the plant due to the "increased repair and maintenance capacities in reunified Germany" was announced and carried out until 1995.
Use 1995-2015
The coloring hall was expanded and has been used by the international Spanish rail vehicle company Talgo for the restoration of Talgo night trains since 1995 . It offers work to 100 employees.
From 1999 the first presence of artists on the site is documented. That year the RAW Tempel eV was founded with the aim of creating a free space for socio-cultural use in the middle of a European metropolis, in which individual self-realization is combined with acting in solidarity for a community.
2001 - Partial privatization of the RAW
The railway subsidiary Vivico Real Estate GmbH takes over the site administration for the DB. The purpose of the company is the sale of disused railway properties, its mission for the RAW: "value-optimized marketing".
Some buildings were sold to the Friedrichshain cultural association RAW-tempel e. V. rents out through a general lease, which mainly carried out cultural projects here. The association tried several times to buy individual buildings from Vivico , but they sold the site without for 4 million euros to RED BERLIN Development GmbH around Klaus Wagner and his Icelandic partners. In spring 2015 RAW-tempel eV files for bankruptcy .
Use since 2015
Today, the majority of the area is rented to various cultural and sports facilities, artist studios, concert halls and live clubs, galleries, clubs and catering establishments. (see list of users of the RAW-Friedrichshain) The flea market takes place regularly on Sundays . Since 2007 there have been several changes of ownership. The site is currently divided into four owners: the western section (approx. Two thirds, approx. 52,000 m²) belongs to the Göttingen real estate company Kurth Immobilien GmbH, a smaller central part of Sewan Verwaltungs GmbH owned by Peter Mast and Frank Trenkle and the eastern part to International Campus AG from Munich and the strip on Talgo is in the south.
Since the bankruptcy of RAW Tempel eV in 2015 as the general tenant, the users of space conclude their rental contracts directly with the respective owners.
Conflict and criticism
Noise and green spaces
The residents' initiative The residents are actively committed to noise protection and new green spaces, as well as the maintenance of cultural and sporting offers during the day and less intensive use at night. They also speak out in favor of keeping the affordable studios. In October 2014, the initiative conducted a resident survey with 1,029 respondents, 92% of whom rejected the investor's development plans.
crime
The uncertain future of the site prevents a security concept for the entire site. Usually only one security employee (Deutschmann Sicherheit, managing director Nils Meilicke) is on site. The investor builds ATMs, but no sanitary facilities. In 2015, crime on the premises reached its statistical and dramatic peak when a friend of the singer of the band Jennifer Rostock was injured in a robbery. The spring press and the police often report on the RAW site in connection with the drug trade in Görlitzer Park . The conflict also affects the too small Warschauer Brücke and the tourist mile around Simon-Dach-Straße . Crime has been falling again since the end of 2015. A petition from the neighbors for the " consistent fight against drug trafficking around the RAW site in Berlln-Friedrichshain " was signed by 3,000 people between 2016 and 2018.
Investor wrangling
Icelandic and German investor group
The Icelandic-German investor group Real Estate Development Berlin GmbH (RED) bought the site - without the Talgo works - from the railway subsidiary Vivico for 4 million and promised “green new buildings” and tried to build a fair trade center. The plans failed due to resistance from the district, neighbors and users after plans for high-rise buildings became known. Wagner sold the area except for a small part around the bathhouse.
International Campus AG
In October 2015 it became known that the eastern part of the area had been sold to International Campus AG from Munich , which would like to build student apartments there. However, the district ruled out such use before the purchase. The IC reports on its website that they would buy " land in Central Europe ". The Canadian real estate fund Brookfield Asset Management Inc. has owned the majority of IC since 2018. Demolition work is already taking place and there are plans for private schools and daycare centers and a swimming pool (as of October 2019). In return, investors expect new buildings of up to 10 floors. The Neue Heimat and Mikz clubs were located on this part of the site .
Kurth
Also in 2015, the larger western part was sold to the Kurth Group from Göttingen for (unconfirmed) 20-25 million euros. The development plan of the real estate company with new buildings has so far failed due to resistance from the district, residents and users. After it was announced that the "Kiezkultur" would be preserved, plans for several high-rise buildings later became known. In order to reach an agreement, dialogue workshops were carried out by the district in 2018, in which the “investor family” was advised to sell at least part of the listed ensemble (the so-called “ Kulturelle L ”) to a cultural foundation. The Friedrichshain city planner Carsten Jost reports on his website that the dialogue workshop announced as a "participation process" failed and, among others, even the former mayor Schulz (Greens) left the process. To date there is no evidence that development is necessary for the cost-covering operation of the RAW. The district would have planning sovereignty on the site. The Greens Kreuzberg, the strongest parliamentary group in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, submit applications to protect the tenants from the investor group's construction projects. During the 2015 process initiated by Kurth Immobilien, the actors decided to develop their own ideas for the site.
Monument protection
The buildings along Revaler Straße are under ensemble protection. Only the popular climbing cone, one of the 200 former bunkers of the Winkel type built in Germany between the World Wars , is a listed building. An initiative is attempting in 2019 with the district parliament (BVV) with a resident application with the wording "Secure RAW as an urban conservation area!" To this end, over 5000 signatures had been collected by April 2019. 1000 were necessary. According to the declaration of the initiative, the investors "planned a transformation that ignores the urban planning function of the RAW in the overall view - namely the RAW as inner-city open space for culture, for leisure, recreation and local business." The urban planning conservation ordinance according to § 172 BauGB protects “the urban peculiarity due to the urban design”, in the broadest sense that is, environmental protection for houses and open spaces, including the right of first refusal for the district.
Planned development
In 2013, the RAW-Kulturensemble initiative successfully had the construction of apartments prohibited on the entire site.
Because the current owners want to build, several so-called “dialogue workshops” on the future of the site took place in 2018. On the basis of this so-called public participation procedure and direct discussions between the current users and owners, a B-Plan procedure is being prepared for 2019. In the negotiations, the GSE g.GmbH is under discussion, which among other things has the mandate of the Berlin Senate : " Providing and securing workplaces and studios for visual artists within the framework of the rental program of the State of Berlin ." : "The GSE gGmbH becomes the general tenant of the Sociocultural L on the RAW site in Berlin-Friedrichshain."
The BVV Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg decided on 5 June 2019 closed majority of Greens , SPD and CDU and half of the left , closed voting against the party to create a controversial development plan. “At the same time, she also clearly rejected the resident application initiated by the RAW Kulturensemble initiative . Above all, he asked for the site to be secured as a conservation area. ” The current users spoke out in favor of the compromise at the meeting, as it meant the short-term existence of a small (17,000 square meter) part of the area. Neutral observers such as residents, tenants and district associations are assuming blackmail in view of the expiring rental contracts.
The district could have been ripped off suspect media. The development provides for around 150,000 square meters of building mass, a considerable factor of 2.9, i.e. three times the 52,000 square meters of floor space. Only the listed buildings should be preserved. How the commercial space is used was not recorded.
In October 2019 it became known that Amazon wanted to rent the planned Edge East Side Berlin office tower diagonally across from RAW. Baustadtrad Florian Schmidt (Greens) closed the building shortly before the start of construction for contractual reasons. A few days later, on October 19, 2019, the Morgenpost wrote that Kurth Immobilien wanted to prepare a RAW house for the film industry . On April 1, 2019, the group of companies from Göttingen, which owns 20 companies, opened the House of Music in the lavishly renovated wheelset turning shop, including for band rehearsal rooms , which are rented out by the hour. International British, US and Japanese companies are among the permanent tenants, as is the Musicboard Berlin .
A high-rise building up to 100 meters high is planned on the RAW. Christoph Casper from the Friedrichshain district office fears that the owners of the surrounding areas will also submit appropriate building applications if the development plan is approved. It is predicted that Mercedes-Benz-Platz will “slosh” over the bridge. Places like that retort square would not suit Berlin and would accelerate the gentrification of the district.
The planning agency of Carsten Joost , architect and former co-organizer of the “ Mediaspree sink ” campaign has designed alternative plans that would be both viable and would meet the needs of users and residents.
Representatives of the capital's creative industries sharply criticize the construction project. The Berlin Club Commission speaks of "club deaths" and criticizes the lack of planning security for club cultists. In their study “Clubkultur Berlin” from October 2019, the club operators stated that protection against displacement would be the most important requirement of club operators in Berlin.
In an open letter in May 2019, the coalition of the independent scene warned the Governing Mayor of Berlin to postpone the spatial problem .
The studio representative of the Berlin Senate said in 2016 regarding the RAW and two other locations: "The studio funding should not be left to the real estate industry."
List of users of the RAW Friedrichshain
The sociocultural L (SKL) includes the houses and projects BWH, SGL, VWG, FIVE-O, Ambulatorium, Crack Bellmer, Zum Schmutzigen Hobby and Emma Pea.
- Civil servants' residence (BWH)
- Academy in the official residence
- Ceramic workshop flourishes
- Soup and Mucke eV
- Club rooms of the RAW / CC
- Tempo space
- office
- berlin.fm
- fresh photos
- Harmful design
- BLN.FM (until 2019)
- Yvonne Klein workshop
- Atelier Julia Oppenauer
- Administration building (VWG)
- To the dirty hobby
- Fidgeting Committee / Rumor Mill
- Antje ØKlesund in exile
- Jewelry workshop Tescual
- Make-up artist Buntfink
- Intelligence room of the RAW / CC association
- Material and equipment warehouse (SGL)
- Zack children's circus
- Vuesch eV
- Drop in eV
- Emma Pea
- Crack Bellmer
- White Rabbit
- Tune Up eV
- Mast + Trenkle owner site
- Szimpla bathhouse
- Berlin Strength
- Khwan
- Hot rod tour
- FIVE-O
- Cassiopeia
- Nike SB Shelter (formerly Skatehalle Berlin)
- Cake frenzy RAW
- Open air cinema island in Cassiopeia
- Climbing cone
- Boulder hall
- Outpatient clinic
- vacant since 2017
- Astra culture house
- Urban Spree
- Suicide Circus
- Great crested grebe
- House of Noise (wheel turning)
- Talgo Germany GmbH
- other places
- Schalander private brewery / house 9
- Want to buy furniture
Movie
The director Louise Culot shot a documentary about RAW, which was already highly competitive in 2009, which was awarded first prize at the NoDogma film festival, took third place at Kiezkieken and was shown at the Globale in Leipzig.
See also
- List of streets and squares in Berlin-Friedrichshain
- List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Friedrichshain
- Socio-cultural center
Web links
- RAW // CC website
- Internet presence of the cultural L
- Planning agency
- Event website of the investor RAW-Terrain.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ What will happen to the RAW site? Retrieved October 19, 2019 .
- ↑ RAW terrain. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ History | Skate hall Berlin. Retrieved October 19, 2019 .
- ^ Art workshops in the academy in the official residence in Berlin-Friedrichshain. - Art workshop in the academy in the studio building in the official residence in Berlin-Friedrichshain. Retrieved October 29, 2019 .
- ↑ My website. Retrieved May 13, 2019 .
- ↑ RAW-Kultur-L. Retrieved October 20, 2019 .
- ↑ The RAW // cc - socio-cultural free space on the RAW «RAW // cc. Retrieved on May 9, 2019 (German).
- ^ Bernd Kuhlmann: The Berlin train stations. GeraMond, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-7654-7086-8 , p. 53 f .
- ↑ Simon Reuter: Myth RAW - Part 1: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. In: ip-hostel.com. VARENTA Beherbergungsgesellschaft mbH, accessed on June 16, 2019 .
- ↑ Honorary name at the Deutsche Reichsbahn . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . No. 9 , 2019, pp. 178 .
- ↑ How the railway workshop became a scene area. Retrieved October 29, 2019 .
- ↑ RAW Tempel Berlin - cultural district project - film. Retrieved October 29, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Andreas Hartmann: Dialogue workshop for the RAW site: course for the future . In: The daily newspaper: taz . June 8, 2018, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed May 9, 2019]).
- ↑ The dispute over the RAW site. In: ZITTY. July 24, 2014, accessed on May 9, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Imprint. Klaus Wagner, accessed on June 16, 2019 .
- ↑ DATA / FACTS • RAW STORY. Initiative RAW.Kulturensemble, accessed on June 16, 2019 .
- ↑ About the RAW. In: The neighbors. March 2, 2016, accessed on May 14, 2019 (German).
- ↑ The party on the RAW site in Berlin continues. Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ https://www.welt.de/vermischtes/article145335747/Berliner-Partygast-wird-mit-Messer-in-Hals-geschnitte.html
- ^ Berlin police. In: Facebook. Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ The drug dealers on the RAW site are only 14 years old! Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ drugs Zone "Görli" - police capitulated to dealers. Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ^ WORLD: Berlin surrenders to drug dealers in Görlitzer Park . March 9, 2017 ( welt.de [accessed May 14, 2019]).
- ↑ Crime is on the decline: fewer crimes on the RAW site. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Consistent fight against drug trafficking around the RAW site in Berlin-Friedrichshain - online petition. Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ Andreas Hartmann: Dialogue workshop for the RAW site: course for the future . In: The daily newspaper: taz . June 8, 2018, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed May 9, 2019]).
- ↑ RAW.Kulturensemble, Stadtteilbüro Friedrichshain, Berlin (2020). Retrieved April 6, 2020 .
- ↑ Kerstin Kipker & Eckart Schwalm: Around Warschauer Strasse: Traces of History and Urban Development . Ed .: District Office Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg of Berlin, City Development Office, Department of Urban Planning. Berlin 2012 ( zlb.de [accessed April 6, 2020]).
- ↑ Student apartments are to be built in the new home. In: Der Tagesspiegel . October 8, 2015, accessed November 4, 2015 .
- ↑ Acquisition profile - that's what we're looking for. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ^ Company »International Campus. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Patrick Goldstein: RAW site: Investor offers new Kiezbad. March 1, 2019, accessed on October 20, 2019 (German).
- ↑ MIKZ: Electro / Techno / House clubs in Berlin Friedrichshain. In: THE CLUBMAP. Retrieved October 29, 2019 (German).
- ↑ https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/investorenfamilie-kurth-aus-goettingen-das-ende-einer-aera-auf-dem-raw-gelaende-823250
- ↑ New owners want to preserve the neighborhood culture. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Third dialogue workshop “RAW 2040 - concrete future”. July 11, 2018, accessed May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ fraction xhain: DS / 1075 / V - Urban conditions BVV for the further development of the RAW site I. In: Green xhain. March 4, 2019, accessed on May 14, 2019 (German).
- ↑ What's going on with RAW? In: The neighbors. January 19, 2017, accessed on May 14, 2019 (German).
- ^ List, map, database / Landesdenkmalamt Berlin. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ LATEST NEWS - RAW CULTURE EMBLE. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ § 172 BauGB - single standard. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ^ Veto against residential construction on Revaler Strasse. Retrieved October 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Andreas Hartmann: Course for the future . In: The daily newspaper: taz . June 9, 2018, ISSN 0931-9085 , p. 41,44–45 ( taz.de [accessed June 11, 2018]).
- ↑ About us / tasks and objectives. Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ RAW terrain should remain open to everyone. Retrieved May 13, 2019 .
- ↑ Of sparrows, pigeons and digestible food: BVV approves development plan for RAW terrain. Retrieved October 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Demolish RAW and build skyscrapers? - Berliner MieterGemeinschaft eV Accessed on October 19, 2019 .
- ↑ District wants to redesign the Amazon Tower. Retrieved October 19, 2019 .
- ^ Gerhard Lehrke: Deviating draft: The construction of the Edge East Side is on the brink. October 18, 2019, accessed on October 19, 2019 (German).
- ↑ House of Music - Berlin's creative hub for musicians. Retrieved October 19, 2019 .
- ↑ House of Music - Berlin's creative hub for musicians. Retrieved October 19, 2019 .
- ↑ House of Music opens in Berlin. Retrieved October 29, 2019 .
- ↑ Silvia Perdoni: Despite 87% opposing votes: A new small US town is emerging in Friedrichshain. September 15, 2018, accessed on October 19, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Andreas Hartmann: News from the RAW site: crash landing for the district? In: The daily newspaper: taz . June 27, 2019, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed October 19, 2019]).
- ^ RAW Berlin. In: The planning agency. October 5, 2018, accessed on October 19, 2019 (German).
- ↑ A trendy neighborhood with high-rise buildings. Retrieved October 29, 2019 .
- ↑ Franz Steinkühler: "We really do not lack difficulties ..." ' . In: PROKLA. Journal of Critical Social Science . tape 14 , no. 54 , March 1, 1984, ISSN 0342-8176 , p. 33-39 , doi : 10.32387 / prokla.v14i54.1455 .
- ^ Study "Club Culture Berlin". (PDF) In: www.clubcommission.de. Clubcommission Berlin, October 6, 2019, accessed on October 29, 2019 .
- ↑ Open letter from the coalition of the independent scene in view of the increasing problem of space. Retrieved October 29, 2019 (American English).
- ↑ Master plan for creative people: Art and culture must become part of urban development. Retrieved October 29, 2019 .
- ^ Art workshops in the academy in the official residence in Berlin-Friedrichshain. - Art workshop in the academy in the studio building in the official residence in Berlin-Friedrichshain. Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ Ceramics workshop Schnörkelei | Crafts from the heart of Friedrichshain. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Soup & Mucke - Berlin Friedrichshain Soup Festival »Soupport your Kiez! Retrieved on May 9, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Temporaum - favorable for art, culture and engagement «RAW // cc. Retrieved on May 13, 2019 (German).
- ↑ frischefotos photo studio Berlin Friedrichshain. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ^ Graphic design from Berlin. Logo design, corporate design, web design, print and illustration - graphic design agency in Berlin with Kim and Kathrin Schädlich. Retrieved May 13, 2019 .
- ↑ Imprint. June 18, 2008, accessed on May 13, 2019 (German).
- ^ Yvonne Klein Berlin | Upholstery, painting and furniture. Retrieved on May 14, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Mobile rumors kitchen zk | Mobile Vokü, loudspeaker car and PA collective from Berlin. Retrieved on May 9, 2019 (German).
- ↑ ANTJE ØKLESUND - Audiovisual Laboratory. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Tescual. Retrieved on May 9, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Imprint. | Great Finch | Special makeup artist. Retrieved on May 9, 2019 (German).
- ↑ The intelligence room «RAW // cc. Retrieved on May 13, 2019 (German).
- ↑ Welcome. In: Emma Pea. Retrieved on May 14, 2019 (German).
- ^ Bath house Berlin. Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ NIKE SB SHELTER BERLIN. Retrieved May 29, 2020 .
- ↑ KuchenRausch raw, Berlin. Retrieved May 13, 2019 .
- ↑ House of Music - Berlin's creative hub for musicians. Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ Contact. In: Talgo (Germany) GmbH. Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ https://haus9.berlin/. Retrieved May 9, 2019 .
- ↑ WANT TO BUY FURNITURE ?! Retrieved May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ RAW - we come to stay. Retrieved April 25, 2018 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 25.6 ″ N , 13 ° 27 ′ 11.5 ″ E