Rabštejn
| Rabštejn | ||
|---|---|---|
| height | 803.4 m nm | |
| location | Czech Republic | |
| Mountains | Rabenseifener Bergland | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 56 '53 " N , 17 ° 8' 58" E | |
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| particularities | Remains of the highest castle in Moravia, climbing rock | |
The Rabštejn (German: Rabenstein or Rabstein ) is a mountain in the Czech Republic . It is located in the southeast of the Rabenseifen mountainous region ( Hraběšická vrchovina ). Its peak with several rock towers and a few remains of the Rabštejn Castle has been protected as a Rabštejn Nature Reserve since 1990.
geography
Rabštejn is located in the southwestern part of the protected landscape area CHKO Jeseníky on the cadastre of the municipality of Oskava . The mountain rises north of the villages Véska, Bedřichov and Rabštejnská between the valleys of the Oskava and Dlouhý potok. At its northern foot is the former Rabštejn keeper's house and a campsite.
history
Rabštejn Castle
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The Hrabišův kámen / Hrabischstein castle was probably built in the second half of the 13th century by the owner of the Úsov manor , Hrabiš from Swabia ( Hrabiš ze Švábenic , 1254–1296). It is believed that the castle, built above the path leading through the Oskava Valley to the Skřítek Saddle, was used to protect the northern areas of the Úsov domain. It may also replace Frankstadt Castle .
The first written record of Rabinsteina took place in the country table in 1318 , when the Olomouc bishop Konrad I assigned the castle, which he had acquired with great effort, to Johann von Luxemburg . Probably the bishop had previously wrested the castle from a follower of the rebellious Heinrich von Leipa . The economic center of the Rabenstein rule was Frankstadt.
In the middle of the 14th century, the Rabenstein is said to have been a robber's nest, so that Margrave Johann Heinrich successfully besieged the castle and then hung the robbers on the trees on the Rabenstein in a criminal court. In 1355 the margrave sold the castle to Pertold von Leipa . Later it fell back to the Moravian rulers. In 1398 Jobst von Moravia pledged the Rabenstein property together with the neighboring Stralek and the associated localities Römerstadt , Irmsdorf, Andersdorf, Johnsdorf , Reschen, Hangenstein, Pürkau , Frankstadt and Rabenseifen to Proček von Kunstadt and Bouzov .
Subsequently, Römerstadt became more and more important and developed into the new center of the Rabensteiner estates. Proček von Kunstadt was notorious for his feuds and trades and brought the Raven Stone into disrepute. Since the beginning of the 15th century, the castle's pawns took turns in quick succession. After the Eulenburg was in the hands of the Hussites during the Hussite Wars , the Rabenstein gained strategic importance as an imperial antipole and Emperor Sigismund only gave the castle to loyal followers as a pledge. This included the captain of the mercenary troops of the city of Olomouc , Hynčík Stosch von Albrechtice and his son Jiřík. In 1464 Heinrich von Jenczenstein received the pledge and had the castle repaired.
During the Bohemian-Hungarian War, Rabenstein was pledged to Tunkl von Brníčko , who were on the side of Georg von Podiebrad , who fought for power struggles with the owner of the Eulenburg estate, Jan Heralt von Kunstadt, who was also interested in Rabenstein. The castle captain of Rabenstein, Matěj Tovačovský , undertook raids to Šumvald , Břevenec and Lukavice into the possessions of the followers of Matthias Corvinus . As a result, Captain Peter Haugwitz von Biskupitz , who was in the service of the Hungarian king, attacked Čeněk Tunkl's Rabenstein and Hangenstein estates. A little later, the entire Rabenstein estate was sacked by Mikuláš Hrdý z Klokočí.
Peter von Žerotín auf Schönberg , who was given the Rabenstein rulership as pledge at the beginning of the 16th century, had a new castle built in Janowitz from 1524 and took up his seat there. It was probably considerably damaged in the fighting in the 1470s and was from Roman town Hard to reach and remote little castle he left to decay. The Rabenstein then only served as the residence of stately foresters. In 1535, Rabenstein Castle was described as desolate. When assessing the rule in 1569, a zoo next to the castle was mentioned. When the court chamber president Ferdinand Hoffmann von Grünbüchl bought the Rabenstein-Janowitz estate, which had been in his lien since 1583, the desert castle Rabenstein was also mentioned.
Until the 17th century, the Rabensteiner goods were still listed as accessories to the Janowitz rule, after which they merged completely with Janowitz. In the 17th century the castle served as a dungeon for the Janowitz rule. After the outbreak of the Thirty Years War, emergency repairs were carried out on the castle and it received a military occupation. During the disputes between the council of Römerstadt and the lordly captain Hassnik auf Janowitz in the middle of the 17th century, the mayor of Römerstadt was also imprisoned on the Rabenstein. After the invasion of the Swedes, the castle served as a hiding place for the treasures and documents of the Janowitz rule and the city of Roman city because of its remoteness. This was not very successful, because in 1645 the Swedes stormed the Rabenstein and held it as a fortress under the officer Kuklender until April 1646. After that, imperial troops conquered the castle and captured a large part of the Kuklender horsemen. The castle was last inhabited in 1693, when stately servants and a keeper lived there.
In the middle of the 18th century, the demolition of the walls of the desert castle by the residents of Friedrichsdorf (Bedřichov) began as building material. Other parts collapsed. On old forest maps from the transition from the 18th to the 19th century, several floor plans of the castle complex have survived, which differ greatly from one another.
On the lower of the rock towers was a bastion with a defensive gate. On the higher rock in the east stood the keep, which served as a waiting room, which was torn down to the foundation wall in the 18th century. The same thing happened with the Palas standing on the southern rock. Some remains of the wall around the castle courtyard and remains of the outer wall of the outer bailey have been preserved. The latter, as well as parts of the moat that still exist, are barely recognizable through the forest cover.
Rabštejn custodian house
Between 1693 and 1759 the Hegerhaus was built on the northern foot , which was later expanded into a small individual estate. At the transition from the 18th to the 19th century, the Heger opened a small excursion restaurant in an annex. Until the Second World War, the Rabštejn manor was used intensively for agriculture and in summer it was inhabited by up to twelve people. After that, the property was no longer used as a residence and was used as an accessory for a tree nursery and later as a forest workers' accommodation. It deteriorated increasingly. From 1967 the Hegergut found a new use as a warehouse for tourists and rock climbers. Since only emergency repairs could be carried out, the property was in a desolate condition at the beginning of the 1990s. In 1992 it was privatized and gradually transformed into the Chata Rabštejn mountain hut. Shortly before the end of the renovation, Chata Rabštejn burned down in 2002. It was rebuilt by 2005, with the original interior being replaced by a modern one.
Tourist use
The two 15–20 and 37 m high rock faces Přední skály and Zadní skály located on Rabštejn are used as practice rocks for climbing. There is a campsite at the former Hegerhaus. From the rock towers there is a view of the ridge of the Jeseníky Mountains and the southern March plain .
The top area has been protected as the Rabštejn Nature Reserve on an area of 20 hectares since 1990.