Radvanice (Ostrava)
| Radvanice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Moravskoslezský kraj | ||||
| District : | Ostrava-město | ||||
| Municipality : | Ostrava | ||||
| Area : | 814 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 49 ' N , 18 ° 20' E | ||||
| Residents : | 4,657 (2011) | ||||
| License plate : | T | ||||
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| Next international airport : | Ostrava Airport | ||||
Radvanice ( German Radwanitz , Polish Radwanice ) is an eastern district of Ostrava in the Czech Republic , on the right bank of the Lučina , near the confluence with the Ostravice .
history
The place in the Duchy of Teschen , founded in 1290, was first mentioned in the Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis (Tithe Register of the Diocese of Wroclaw ) under about 70 new villages as "Item in Radwanowitz" around 1305 . The number of hooves was not yet specified in the tithing register. The patronymic name is derived from the personal name Radwan (≤ Radowan ≤ Radoslaw , Radomił and the like) with the typical West Slavic suffix - (ov) ice.
Until the middle of the 17th century Radwanicze belonged to the dominion of Polish Ostrava , then until 1738 part of the village (in 1710 Radwanicze was first mentioned with the addition dolni - Nieder) with Bartovice belonged to the Sedlnitzky von Choltitz , later it fell to the family Skrbenští z Hříště, the owners of Šenov , remained in their possession until 1848. The Skrbenští founded the Lipina settlement and temporarily outsourced the goods of Bartovice and Radvanice from Schönhof in order to later unite Radvanice and Lipina with Gross Kunzendorf . In the description of Teschen Silesia by Reginald Kneifl in 1804, Radwanitz was a village belonging partly to the rule of Pohlnisch-Ostrau, partly to the rule of Groß-Kuntschitz near Rattimow , in the Teschner district , on the water Luczina and on the road to Teschen . The smaller part of the Polish-Ostrava dominion had 67 inhabitants, the larger 157 inhabitants, in both of them they were Silesian-Moravian dialect and parish in the parish in Polish-Ostrava. In 1850 it was partly sold by Terezia Kneissel to Josef and Karolina Neumann and to Count Wilczek. After the abolition of patrimonial Radwanitz with the districts Podlesí, Lipina and Krivec became a municipality in Austrian Silesia , Friedek district, then Teschen, from 1868 in the newly founded Freistadt district . At this time industrialization followed in the area, the Neumann family founded a brewery in 1858 and an ethanol distillery in 1863 . The first workers' settlement was built in 1850–1870 , others followed in 1882–1909, 1900–1910, 1921, 1925. In 1896, hard coal was found, the first coal mine called Ludwig was opened in 1912. The number of inhabitants rose to 1528 by 1869, then to 1755 by 1880 (1740 with registration) and in 1910 to 7139 (7096). In the 1880s a large influx of people into the Ostrau-Karwiner coal and industrial area began, mainly cheap workers from Galicia . The Poles called the place Radwanice, but also Radwańce, in 1880 they made up 2.2% (38 people) of the local residents, but their number continued to increase from 15.8% in 1890 (362) to 20.6% ( 994) in 1900, then fell to 17% (1202) in 1910. On January 1, 1904, 7 traditional Czech-speaking communities in the Oderberg judicial district in the Freistadt district were separated in connection with the national conflict between Poles and Czechs that flared up at the time to create the new judicial district Polish Ostrau in the Friedek district. In 1907 a Czech elementary school was opened in Lipina. The brick church of St. Mary was built between 1904 and 1907, from 1906 the seat of a new Czech-speaking parish in the Karwin dean's office. The first pastor was Ferdinand Stibor from Řepiště . In 1910 the municipality had an area of 590 hectares, 364 buildings with 7139 inhabitants, 7096 of them with a registration - only these were asked for their colloquial language: 5772 (81.3%) were Czech, 1202 (17%) Polish and 116 (1.6%) German-speaking; 6595 (92.4% of the total village population) were Roman Catholics, 388 (5.4%) Protestants and 113 (1.6%) Jews. In 1910 the first association of [Austrian] Silesian Esperantists was founded in Radwanitz, which published a newspaper in the 1930s.
After the First World War and the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy , the area of Cieszyn Silesia was controversial. On November 5, 1918, the Polish National Council of the Duchy of Teschen (Rada Narodowa Kięstwa Cieszyńskiego, RNKC) and the Czech Territorial Committee (Zemský národní výbor, ZNV) agreed that Heřmanice, like the entire Friedek district , should belong to Czechoslovakia. On the Czech side, also behind the Ostrawitza in Moravia, there remained tens of thousands of Poles, mostly Galician immigrants, over 20% of the population of the Polish judicial district of Ostrava. Unlike the altansässigen Wasserpolaken from the area of Cieszyn Silesian dialect they were still illiterate for the most part and in comparison to the enlightened Poland in accordance with the Czechoslovak Polish border war arose region Olsagebiet they tschechisierten in the interwar period relatively quickly (in the census In 1921 only 877 or 1.9% of the data were Polish nationality in the entire judicial district). A trace of them are the numerous surnames in the Polish spelling.
On January 15, 1920, the first parish in all of Czechoslovakia, the Czechoslovak Hussite Church, was established and from late 1922 Radvanice was the seat of the Ostrava diocese of this church. The head of the ecclesiastical split was the local priest Ferdinand Stibor, who was formerly a Czech national activist and connected with Catholic modernism after the war . Under Stibor, who as the Hussite bishop of Ostrau (until 1956) headed the church in the entire district, a separate prayer house was built by 1925. In addition to the Hussites, the Kardec movement of Spiritism developed there , with a newspaper ( Spiritistická revue from 1920, from 1938 Československá revue psychická ).
From 1939 the place was in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . In 1919 the incorporation into Mährisch Ostrau was considered to create "Groß Ostrau", as well as the incorporation of 4 communities east of the Ostravice into Silesian Ostrau to make a rival city to Moravian Ostrau, but Muglinau and Radwanitz rejected it. It was not incorporated into Ostrau until July 1, 1941 during the German occupation. The population reached 9,069 in 1950, then dropped to 4,915 in 1980.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Idzi Panic: Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) . Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2010, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 297-299 (Polish).
- ^ Wilhelm Schulte: Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis . Breslau 1889, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 110-112 ( online ).
- ↑ Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis ( la ) Retrieved August 24, 2014.
- ↑ Robert Mrózek: nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego . Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach , 1984, ISSN 0208-6336 , p. 149 (Polish).
- ^ Reginald Kneifl: Topography of the Kaiser. royal Antheils von Schlesien , 2nd part, 1st volume: Condition and constitution, in particular of the Duchy of Teschen, Principality of Bielitz and the free minor class lords Friedeck, Freystadt, German people, Roy, Reichenwaldau and Oderberg . Joseph Georg Traßler, Brünn 1804, p. 296 ( e-copy )
- ↑ Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem . Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, p. 288 (Polish, online ).
- ↑ Ludwig Patryn (ed): The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in Silesia , Opava 1912.