Irsee Monastery
.svg){kind=small} Territory in the Holy Roman Empire |
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| Irsee Imperial Abbey | |
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| Territory of the Irsee Imperial Abbey (Abbatia Ursinensis) (center) | |
| Alternative names | Reichsstift |
| Form of rule | Corporate state |
| Ruler / government | Reich Abbot |
| Today's region / s | DE-BY |
| Parliament | Reichsfürstenrat : 1 curiate vote on the Swabian prelate bank |
| Reich register | 14 foot soldiers and 60 guilders (1521); 14 foot soldiers or 56 guilders (1663); 14 foot soldiers; 56 guilders; to the Court of Appeal 30 guilders (18th century) |
| Reichskreis | Swabian Empire |
| District council | County council; 28 foot soldiers (1532); |
| Capitals / residences | Irsee |
| Denomination / Religions | Roman Catholic |
| Language / n | German ; Latin |
| surface | 112 square kilometers (around 1800) |
| Residents | 3,200-4,200 (around 1800) |
| Incorporated into | 1803: Electorate of Bavaria ; 1806: Kingdom of Bavaria
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The Monastery Irsee (including Abbey Ursin ; lat. Abbatia Ursinensis ) is a former abbey of Benedictine in Irsee near the town of Kaufbeuren in Bavaria in the diocese of Augsburg . Today it is a conference and education center for the Swabian district .
history
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Monastery - abbey
The later monks' convent emerged from a hermitage in the Eiberger Forest that was built around 1180 and finally became a monastery in 1182 through settlement with Benedictine monks from the Isny Abbey (patronage: St. Maria). The founder of this monastery was the Margrave Heinrich von Ronsberg in 1185/86, the place where the Ursiner Burgberg was founded (today the location of the St. Stephan cemetery church). Because of the lack of water, the monastery was relocated to its current location in the valley between 1187 and 1196. Already in 1186 to an independent abbey raised, the Irseeer was Benedictine monastery in the 13th century exempt (1209 papal and 1227 royal letter of protection) and achieved even in 1521, the Imperial City . In 1447 the Irsee monks' convent took over the Melk reform and spread this Benedictine monastery reform in other Benedictine monasteries. Towards the end of the 15th century, a phase of lively artistic activity began in Irsee, especially in the building industry and book art. The main bailiffs of the monastery were the Habsburgs from 1390 to 1803 .
During the Peasants' War the monastery complex was destroyed in 1525 and rebuilt by 1535, at the same time a humanistic spirit set in in Irsee. After hard times and looting in the Thirty Years' War , the abbey began to flourish again in the second half of the 17th century, with a remarkable scientific and artistic life. Several monks from Irsee were appointed professors at the University of Salzburg . In 1669 the abbey joined the Cassinese Congregation , but in 1685 it switched to the Lower Swabian Benedictine Congregation . In 1692 the imperial abbey was given the ban on blood . From 1699 to 1702 the abbey church was rebuilt with the help of Baroque master builders and artists Franz Beer and Joseph Schmuzer, and between 1700 and 1730 large parts of the convent and other buildings were rebuilt. An original feature of the church furnishings is the ship's pulpit (around 1725), a pulpit in the shape of a ship's bow with a mast, rigging, sail made of linen and figures of angels as ship's boys. Three catacomb saints (Eugenius, Candidus and Faustus), who are mounted in a standing posture, can be seen in the aisles in glassed-in shrines . The 18th century was the great scientific heyday of Irsee Abbey, especially in the fields of natural sciences, philosophy and theology as well as music and theater. The Benedictine monks maintained contacts in these areas with the Benedictine University of Salzburg as well as Freising (including Weihenstephan Abbey ) and Kremsmünster . In addition, the fathers of the monastery took on extensive pastoral care.
The Benedictine monastery and imperial abbey of Irsee were dissolved in 1802 in the course of secularization . In 1803 the Bavarian state leased the farms and monastery grounds and auctioned the inventory. In 1833 , King Ludwig I donated most of the library to the Benedictine Abbey of Metten, which he re-founded .
The Irsee Monastery had had the status of an imperial abbey since the 16th century . Therefore, the abbot of Irsee had a seat on the Swabian prelate bank in the Reichstag since the 16th century , where he ranked sixth. When it was dissolved in 1803, around 3,000 inhabitants belonged to the dominion of the monastery.
Parish institution and official seat
From 1804 the abbey church served as the new parish church and the convent building as the rectory. In addition, the Rent Office and other authorities moved into the former monastery. It was not until 1812 that the last conventuals left their former monastery. In the vacated rooms, official apartments were set up for the local pastor and local officials.
Sanatorium and nursing home
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The rent office moved out in 1828, and the state tried in vain to find a buyer for the vacant monastery complex. In 1832, the forerunners of the later government and the district assembly of Swabia finally decided to set up a “district insane asylum” in Irsee. Opened on September 1, 1849, what was then a progressive institution quickly reached its capacity limits. The additional “ Kreis-Heil- und Pfleganstalt ” created in nearby Kaufbeuren (opened in 1876) relieved the facility in Irsee, which was run as a subsidiary of Kaufbeuren from 1900 onwards.
Action T4
From 1939 to 1945 by the state NS as part of the so-called " euthanasia " more than 2,000 patients, including many children, from 1929 under the direction of Valentin Faltlhauser standing facilities in Irsee and Kaufbeuren deported to extermination centers and killed or killed on the spot .
Conference and education center
In 1972 the hospital location in the monastery was closed. The Swabian district then decided on October 11, 1974 to restore the monastery complex and convert it into an educational center, as the existing spatial structure proved to be very favorable. The renovation work was completed in 1981. The total costs amounted to almost DM 21.25 million.
The Swabian conference and education center at Irsee Monastery opened in 1984. The conference hotel has 81 guest rooms and 15 conference rooms. The educational center of the Bavarian District Assembly is housed in the rooms. This is where advanced and advanced training courses in psychiatry and neurology for medical, therapeutic and administrative professional groups take place.
The Swabian Academy can also be found here . It offers a wide-ranging program with seminars in the humanities and cultural studies, courses on personal development and artistic practice. Concerts, readings, lectures and exhibitions as well as conferences are part of it. The results of the scientific conferences are published regularly.
For many years the parliamentary group of the BayernSPD held its winter retreats in the Irsee Monastery. SPD parliamentary group leader Markus Rinderspacher welcomed numerous prominent politicians and public figures in the monastery, including SPD party leader Martin Schulz (2018). In 2017, the retreat guests included the chairman of the Catholic German Bishops' Conference, Cardinal Reinhard Marx , the council chairman of the Evangelical Church in Germany, Bavaria's regional bishop Heinrich Bedford-Strohm , the director of the Academy for Political Education in Tutzing , Ursula Münch . In previous years u. a. the chairman of the BUND Nature Conservation, Hubert Weiger , the chairman of the industrial union IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie (IG BCE), Michael Vassiliadis , and the president of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees BAMF , Manfred Schmidt , to the deputies. In 2014, the Director of the European Central Bank ( ECB ), Jörg Asmussen , discussed European financial policy with the MPs.
List of the abbots and imperial abbots of Irsee
Abbots
- Kuno (1185-1188)
- Rudolf (1188–?)
- Gebold (?)
- Albert (? –1228)
- Conrad I (1228-1267)
- Ulrich (?)
- Heinrich I. (?)
- Hartmann (14 years Abbatiat)
- Heinrich II. (1332, † 1339)
- Conrad II (1339–?)
- Schwicker (usurper) (?)
- Henry III. Zerrer (1/4 year Abbatiat)
- Ulrich II of Altenstadt (?)
- Henry IV (?)
- Albinus (? - around 1398)
- Peter I of Baysweil (around 1398–1399)
- Conrad III. (1399-1422)
- Henry V (1422-1456)
- Peter II (1459-1476)
- Matthias Steinbrucker (1476–1490)
- Ottmar (1490–1502)
Imperial abbots
- Peter III Fend (1502-1533)
- Paul Recharus (1533–1549)
- Sebastian I. Steiger (1549-1565), the first abbot since 1551 infuliert
- Adam Leberwurst (1596)
- Sebastian II Mayr (1596-1610)
- Karl Endres (Carolus Andreae) (1612–1627)
- Maurus Keuslin (1627–1664, † 1666)
- Johann Schammius (1664–1665)
- Placidus Lindenbaur (1665–1667, † 1692)
- Aemilian I. Mayr (1667-1692)
- Romanus Köpfle (1692–1704)
- Willibald Grindl (1704–1731)
- Bernhard Beck (1731–1765)
- Aemilian II. Mock (1765–1784)
- Honorius Grieninger (1784–1803)
See also
literature
- Hans Frei (Ed.): The Reichsstift Irsee . Anton H. Konrad, 1981, ISBN 3-87437-185-X .
- Karl Pörnbacher: Irsee Monastery . Anton H. Konrad, 1988, ISBN 3-87437-431-9 .
Web links
- Homepage of the conference and education center
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Irsee Monastery , basic data and history:
Christian Lankes: Irsee - From the imperial abbey to the educational center in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c see web link House of Bavarian History
- ↑ Conference Hotel Kloster Irsee
- ↑ Bildungswerk Irsee ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Schwabenakademie Irsee
- ↑ Sebastian Dorn: SPD retreat in Irsee: Schulz advertises new old government. Münchner Merkur, January 18, 2018, accessed on January 18, 2018 .
- ^ Marx and Bedford-Strohm visit the SPD. Catholic.de, December 28, 2016, accessed December 28, 2016 .
- ↑ SPD parliamentary group retreat 2015 in Irsee Monastery. BayernSPD parliamentary group, January 20, 2015, accessed on January 20, 2018 .
- ^ ECB Director Asmussen visits Irsee. Allgäuer Zeitung, January 16, 2014, accessed on January 16, 2014 .
Coordinates: 47 ° 54 ′ 35 ″ N , 10 ° 34 ′ 30 ″ E