Reinhard Church

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Reinhard Church in Bad Nauheim
Burg-Graefenrode parish church
Reinhard Church in Hanau-Kesselstadt
Parish church "Zur Himmelspforte", Ober-Eschbach
Rodheim
Tower of the Rheinhardskirche in Bad Nauheim

Reinhardskirchen are Lutheran church buildings built in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Its origin is due to the evangelical biconfessionalism of the County of Hanau-Münzenberg . This existed since the middle of the 17th century.

Church political requirements

The counts of the Hanau-Münzenberg line had been reformed since the end of the 16th century . According to the principle of Jus reformandi , the entire county was therefore a Reformed creed. On January 12, 1642, Count Johann Ernst , the last male representative of the Hanau-Munzenberg line, died. The closest male relative was the Lutheran Count Friedrich Casimir von Hanau-Lichtenberg . His accession to power was problematic. In order to secure the necessary support from the reformed, financially strong, bourgeois ruling class of the royal city of Hanau , the count's guardian, Baron Georg II von Fleckenstein-Dagstuhl , had no choice but to grant the demands made by the citizens after ten days of negotiations . The main concern was to guarantee the denominational, reformed status quo . Lutheran worship was initially limited to the chapel of the count's palace .

Despite this assurance to the Reformed majority of the population, Friedrich Casimir pursued an expansive, pro-Lutheran policy. Lutheran congregations soon formed in the county, particularly through Lutheran court staff and top officials. There were also remnants of the Lutheran population - despite the Calvinist Reformation - who went to neighboring Lutheran "abroad" for church services ( Free City of Frankfurt , Grafschaft Isenburg ). As early as 1658, a Lutheran church was built in the old town of Hanau - with considerable financial support from Lutheran abroad. This initially led to conflicts between the established, Reformed establishment and the Lutherans. In 1670 the so-called main religious trial took place . This laid down the equality of the two evangelical denominations and gave each its own church administration. The conflict calmed down over a period of more than 50 years. From now on there were two independent regional churches in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg . Each had its own facilities, such as the consistory , church buildings, staff, cemeteries and schools. The 1670 accord became a permanent and firm foundation of biconfessionalism in the county for 150 years.

Construction of the churches

Under the government of Counts Philipp Reinhard (1680–1712) and Johann Reinhard III. (1712–1736) - the economic depression in the wake of the Thirty Years' War had been overcome - the Lutheran congregations built their own churches and schools throughout the county. In these places there was now a "Reformed Church" and a "Lutheran Church".

Lutheran church buildings were built in

  • Altenhaßlau (today: lentil dish ). 1724–1725 / 26 rebuilt from a count's hunting arsenal. Abandoned as a church in 1961, today: youth center.
  • Nauheim , today: Bad Nauheim. 1731-1733. Abandoned with the Hanauer Union. Today: Russian Orthodox Church.
  • Bergheim , Evangelical Church. 1723-1725. Further used as a church.
  • Berkersheim , 1690, new building 1767.
  • Bieber , today: Biebergemünd , Lower Church. 1736. Replaced by a new building from 1766–1767, this continued to be used as a church.
  • Bleichenbach , Evangelical Church. 1728-1729. Replaced previous building from 1696. Still used as a church.
  • Bockenheim , 1789. The Reformed church built in 1768 was bought and rebuilt here.
  • Bruchköbel , Johanneskirche. 1717-1718. Abandoned in 1822, sold in 1845, residential building.
  • Burg-Graefenrode . 1726-1727. Replaced a previous medieval building, still used as a church.
  • Dörnigheim , 1750?
  • Oaks , today: Nidderau . 1712-1714. Abandoned with the Hanauer Union. Sold in 1824, town hall, today: residential building.
  • Gelnhaar , Michaeliskirche. 1728-1729. Replaced a church that was in a converted house, still used as a church today.
  • Fechenheim , 1680, new building 1770.
  • Ginnheim , today: Frankfurt-Ginnheim , 1698/1700: Old Bethlehem Church
  • Gronau , today: Bad Vilbel . 1718-1719. Replaced older church building, still used as a church.
  • Hochstadt , 1686.
  • Kesselstadt . 1729-1734. Abandoned with the Hanauer Union. Initially school and town hall, today: district center.
  • Ober-Eschbach , today: Bad Homburg vor der Höhe , Evangelical parish church "Zur Himmelspforte". 1728-1731. Further used as a church.
  • Ostheim , today: Nidderau. 1726 (?) - 1734: probably conversion from a house or a barn. Given up.
  • Rodheim , Reinhard Church . 1731-1735 / 38. Replaced a previous building from 1676; Burned down in 1901, rebuilt, used as a church.
  • Rüdigheim , 1697. Canceled after the merger of the Protestant communities in the Hanau Union.
  • Schwalheim , 1701.
  • Steinau an der Straße , Reinhardskirche . 1724 / 25-1731. Used as a church again after a break.
  • Weichersbach , 1776 through the renovation of a stately shepherd's house.
  • Windecken , Reinhardskirche. It was created 1719–1722, was given up after the Hanau Union and sold for demolition in 1833 and demolished the following year. The predecessor was a church service room, probably in a private house that was inaugurated in 1676.

Hanau Union

The death knell of this biconfessionalism was the economic and financial crisis triggered by the Napoleonic wars . After the Napoleonic Wars, the largely vanished opposition between Reformed and Lutherans in such a relatively small unit as the County of Hanau-Munzenberg no longer justified the church's dual structure. So in 1818 the Hanau Union of the two Protestant churches came about .

A practical consequence of the union was that the denominational name of the church building had to be changed. As a rule, the names of deceased dynasts were chosen for this. The main church in the old town of Hanau, after Reformation the High German Reformed Church , was named Marienkirche after Landgravine Maria von Hessen-Kassel . The former Lutheran church in Hanau was named Johanneskirche after the Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony, who once laid the foundation stone . In numerous places in the County of Hanau, the former Lutheran churches, which were founded under Count Philipp Reinhard and Johann Reinhard III. were built, now named after them: " Reinhardskirchen ".

The generalized designation as Reinhard's Church came up at the beginning of the 19th century and was not used for all corresponding churches, so that some also have a different name.

The following churches were explicitly designated as Reinhard churches after the Hanau Union :

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments - Hesse II. Administrative region Darmstadt . (Ed .: Folkhard Cremer et al.), 3rd edition, Munich 2008.
  • Reinhard Dietrich : The state constitution in the Hanauischen = Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 34. Hanau 1996. ISBN 3-9801933-6-5
  • Kathrin Ellwardt: "... to consult about the names of the buildings and institutions, which previously bore the name Lutheran and Reformed ..." The Hanau Union of 1818 and the naming of the churches . In: New Magazine for Hanau History 2017, pp. 94–112.
  • Caroline Grottker: Lutheran churches in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg under Count Johann Reinhard III. (1712-1736) [unpublished master's thesis in the Faculty of Philology and Art Studies at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main ]. Frankfurt 1984.
  • K. Henß: The area of ​​the Hanauer Union . In: The Hanauer Union = Festschrift for the centenary of the Protestant-Union church community in the consistorial district of Cassel on May 28, 1918. Hanau 1918.
  • Julius Martiny: The Hanauer Union since 1818 . In: Marienkirche Hanau. Festschrift 1984, Hanau 1984, pp. 61–67.
  • Günter Rauch: The "Hanau Union" between Reformed and Lutherans 1818 . In: Stadtzeit (1998). History magazine on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the revolution and gymnastics movement Hanau 1848 - 1998, p. 28f.
  • Inge Wolf: Christian Ludwig Hermann. Construction director at Hanauer Hof . In: Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 30 (1988), p. 451 u. Note 33.
  • Ernst Julius Zimmermann : Hanau city and country . 3. Edition. Hanau 1919, ND 1978.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Grottker, pp. 30-35.
  2. ↑ Henß, p. 72, names the year 1729.
  3. ↑ Grottker, pp. 72-76.
  4. ↑ Grottker, pp. 26-29.
  5. ↑ Henß, p. 72.
  6. ↑ Dehio, p. 77.
  7. ↑ Grottker, pp. 57-60.
  8. ↑ Henß, p. 72.
  9. ↑ Grottker, p. 14f.
  10. ↑ Grottker, pp. 48-51.
  11. ↑ Henß, p. 72.
  12. ↑ Grottker, pp. 11-13.
  13. ↑ Grottker, pp. 52-56.
  14. ↑ Henß, p. 72.
  15. ^ Sara Wagner: Faith dispute in Ginnheim . In: Evangelisches Frankfurt 1/2011, p. 10.
  16. ↑ Grottker, pp. 15-20.
  17. ↑ Henß, p. 72.
  18. ↑ Grottker, pp. 67-71.
  19. ↑ Grottker, pp. 61-66.
  20. ↑ Henß, p. 72, gives the year 1731.
  21. ↑ Grottker, p. 46f.
  22. ↑ Henß, p. 72, mentions the year 1732.
  23. ↑ Grottker, pp. 77-83.
  24. ↑ Henß, p. 72.
  25. ↑ Henß, p. 72.
  26. ↑ Grottker, pp. 36-45.
  27. ↑ Henß, p. 73.
  28. ↑ Grottker, pp. 21-25.
  29. ↑ Folkhard Cremer u. a .: "Dehio". Hessen II - Darmstadt district . Berlin 2008. ISBN 978-3-422-03117-3 , p. 833.
  30. ↑ Henß, p. 72.
  31. ↑ The patronage is not derived from Saint Reginhard von Liège , as claimed in a previous version of this article.