Rimberti Church

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The Rimberti Church in Emmelsbüll from SO, built in 1768 - the east wall with the wall anchors and the vestibule in front of the former priest's door are visible
The Rimberti church with the rest of the ridge turret, 2005

The Rimbertikirche is a hall church built in 1768 in the district of Emmelsbüll of the municipality of Emmelsbüll-Horsbüll , Schleswig-Holstein . The white-plastered, rectangular hall church made of brick replaced a medieval church from the 13th century, the inventory of which was largely taken over and was preserved. In 1989 it was named after Rimbert , one of the first bishops of the Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen . Today it belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Emmelsbüll- Neugalmsbüll .

history

Previous construction

The place Emmelsbüll is mentioned for the first time in 1231 in the Waldemar-Erdbuch as a village in the Wiedingharde . The existence of a church is proven from a register of the Schleswig diocese from 1240. The font made of Gotland limestone also dates from this period . The Danish King Waldemar II had similar baptismal fonts set up in other parishes he founded. It can therefore be assumed that the first church was built in Emmelsbüll in the first third of the 13th century. It was probably consecrated to Saint Peter , as from a letter from Pope Alexander VI. dated February 4, 1500: There the Pope ordered that the priest Johannes Petri von Föhr parochialis ecclesia S. Petri Emensbul should receive as benefice .

The previous building of today's church was located a little further west of today's building on a terp . Not much more has been handed down about its appearance than that it was significantly smaller than today's building and was made of red brick, partly in the monastery format , partly in a smaller format. In 1768 the old church had to be closed because it was in disrepair.

View from the gallery to the altar - taken on the occasion of the 250th anniversary on September 9, 2018
View from the altar to the gallery with the Marcussen organ

New church built in 1768

The new building was erected at the highest point of the elongated village mound a little east of the old church. In shape it is a somewhat smaller copy of the Niebüller Christ Church, built in 1729 , which, however, has no tower. The rectangular baroque hall without choir and apse is around 28 meters long and 11 meters wide. The square tower with a pointed helmet, initially covered with bricks, rests directly on the west gable. Originally the church also had a roof turret over the east gable. The wall anchors on the east side show the year 1768 and the letters BP and NF . The latter refer to the Tonderaner provost Balthasar Petersen and to Nicolaus Fabricius, who was Emmelsbüller pastor from 1728 to 1771, as builders. The south and north portals as well as the priest door with vestibule date from the time it was built and have been preserved in the original. Bricks from the previous building were partially used for the construction of the new church.

Inside the church hall is vaulted with a wooden barrel vault. As the account book shows, the boards for this were imported from Sylt via Südwesthörn . They are ship planks made of flotsam . During the renovation in 1993 it could be proven that the planks were soaked with salt water. The three large beams, of which the middle one is still the original, came from Norway as ballast. The yellow bricks that still exist today were laid loosely on the ground as the floor between the benches and sprinkled with sand.

On June 11, 1769, the church was consecrated in the presence of the bailiff of Tondern , Ulrich Adolph Graf von Holstein . The weather vane bears the year of consecration and a mirror monogram of the Danish King Christian VII , who, as Duke of Schleswig, held the sovereign church regiment. The vestibule in front of the priest's gate was not yet finished at this point. The west gallery was also only moved in in the following years. Overall, there was room for more than 600 people in the very narrowly arranged chairs, some of which did not even have backrests.

In 1777 the church was painted. The gallery parapet received 16 pictures, 12 scenes from the Passion of Christ and the four evangelists . The barrel vault was painted with clouds. The "sky" was painted over several times and only exposed again in the 1990s. Originally the colors were probably as strong as the middle, still original bar. The baptismal font, pulpit and altar were transferred to the new church. At least the font was colored to match the new surroundings: around 1902 it still had a marbling similar to that of the ceiling beams. Nothing is mentioned about the purchase of the first bell, which came from the old church. It had to be cast around 1700 and again in 1777. In 1873 it was replaced by a steel bell.

Later construction work

The salinity of the air just a few kilometers from the North Sea and storms meant that the building material, especially the west wall, was severely attacked. In 1874 the lead roof was replaced by slate . In 1935 the stone cladding of the tower was removed and replaced by wooden cladding. A major renovation took place between 1954 and 1959, during which the walls were insulated and the previously brick-red church was also plastered white on the outside. The roof turret, which had fallen victim to several storms, was replaced by a post in 1967, which also had to be removed in 2005. Renovation work took place again from 2000–2018.

Remainder of the painting from 1959

Inside, the barrel vault was plastered and whitewashed in 1854. In the course of the major renovation in the 1950s, the church interior was reduced in size by drawing a wall under the gallery so that an anteroom for the memorial to the fallen soldiers of the First World War and a mortuary were gained. The barrel vault was painted with a geometric pattern. The old chairs have been replaced by new, more comfortable benches and the floor has been renewed while retaining the original bricks. During this renovation, the altarpiece was also renewed. In 1993 crumbling plaster from the ceiling made another renovation necessary. The original painting of the vault was rediscovered and restored.

inventory

With the baptismal font, pulpit and altar, most of the inventory of the church built in 1768 was taken over from the previous building. The majority of the stalls were newly purchased, of which only the stalls used as confessional by the pastor and his family to the left of the altar on the east wall have survived. To mark the anniversary of the Reformation in 1918, the local community gave the church a representation of Luther that hangs next to the pastors' boards on the side wall of the church. The bell bag introduced in 1699 and a hat stand from 1677 are exhibited on the west wall . The two stained glass windows next to the altar were donated in 1922 by the sons of the long-time servant Siegfried Schwensen who emigrated to America. On the right the birth of Christ is shown, on the left his prayer in the garden of Gethsemane .

The Emmelsbüller "Judensau"

Medieval former lintel with a picture of a dragon and a pig, possibly a Jewish sow

A lintel from the old church with carved depictions of animals is kept in the anteroom . The granite block served as a stepping stone in front of the north portal until the renovation in the 1950s. The rough scratches on two sides, which are difficult to recognize, date from around 1200 and are therefore possibly even older than the previous building. You can see an elongated figure on the left, possibly a dragon , and on the right a boar with curved tusks. Both were important animals in Germanic mythology . Like dragons and monsters on the portals of the Scandinavian stave churches at the same time , on capitals and tympani Romanesque churches and on the feet of baptismal fonts , envious heads or the gargoyles of many medieval churches in Central Europe, the lintel served as an apotropaion to deter evil spirits.

Hans Thomas Carstensen and Wolfgang Henningsen, on the other hand, thought they recognized two human figures under the pig. In their opinion, it is the oldest known depiction of the Judensau , older than the column capital in Brandenburg an der Havel dated to 1230 . According to this interpretation, the Lindwurm embodies paganism , which, like Judaism, was viewed as a threat to the Christian faith.

Baptismal font

Medieval baptismal font made from Gotland limestone

The limestone font comes from Gotland . The simple shell dome is typical of the beginning of the 13th century. The quatrefoil cross-section symbolizes a cross. Remains of fossils can be seen in the stone . You can also see remains of paint from the painting from 1777. The inside of the baptismal font is clad with lead to prevent the water from seeping into the porous stone, as it was customary for the baptismal water, consecrated at Easter , to remain in the baptismal font all year round. A wooden lid that protected the water from dirt can still be seen in the pictures, but has not survived. Today the stone carries a holder for a small baptismal font.

pulpit

The late Renaissance style gallery pulpit was donated in 1625. It was created in the workshop in Tondern based on the model of the pulpit of the Christ Church . The carved reliefs are brightly painted. The female half-figures represent the virtues of faith, hope, love, justice, wisdom, strength, temperance and mildness. Between the pilasters of Hermes , six reliefs depict scenes from the life of Jesus, from left to right birth, baptism, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension , Last Judgment. Each scene is explained by a quote from the Bible in Low German . The coats of arms at the foot of the pulpit are from Christian Petrejus, pastor from 1604 to 1635, and from the ennobled donor family Sönnichsen von Gut Toftum, who were born in Eiderstedt. Putti hold instruments of torture on the sound cover that was created at the same time. The pulpit was renewed in 1959.

altar

The altar is modeled on the altar in the Tondern Christ Church, albeit much smaller and simpler. It replaced a medieval altar in 1699. The carving by the Tonderan carver Peter Petersen is in the style of acanthus baroque . The carved figures represent the evangelists. The very simple paintings are by Detlev Sünnichsen. The original pictorial program showed the last supper in the predella - the only one still preserved in the original place -, the crucifixion as the main image and the entombment in the essay. The altar is crowned by a figure of the risen Christ . In the depiction of the crucifixion, the position of the fingers of the crucified is striking: the three stretched fingers of the right hand symbolize the Trinity , the two stretched fingers of the left hand the two natures of Christ . To the right of the foot of the cross is a street village with a church, possibly Emmelsbüll.

The altar has been redesigned several times. The picture above was painted over as early as 1816. The figure of Christ on top of the altar is waving a blue-white-red Schleswig-Holstein tricolor today . Because it resembled the Danebrog , the original victory flag was repainted after the German-Danish War . In 1900 the "Friesenmaler" Carl Ludwig Jessen painted two new pictures for the baroque altar: A Christmas depiction in the construction and a Ascension of Christ as the main picture. During the renovation in 1959, the latter was replaced by a baroque oil painting acquired from Heide , which shows Christ as the judge of the world with an allonge wig , as the original picture was believed to have been lost. The two earlier altarpieces were considered lost and were only found again in 2001/2. The representation of the Ascension of Jessen now hangs on the south wall. Opposite is the oldest altarpiece.

  • Altar in the state since 1959

  • Original altarpiece from 1699

  • Altarpiece by Carl Ludwig Jessen 1900

organ

The Marcussen organ from 1874 was the Wiedingharde's first organ. It has a manual and a pedal and has a still functional bellows . In 1922 the organ was enlarged.

The original disposition was:

  1. Principal 8 feet
  2. Bordun 16 foot tone
  3. Viola de Gamba 8 feet
  4. 8 feet
  5. Octav 4 feet
  6. Floto 4 foot tone
  7. Fifth 2 2/3 feet
  8. Octav 2 feet
  9. Sub-bass 16 foot tone
  10. Octave bass 8 feet

1st to 8th manual; 9th and 10th pedal

Pastorate

The pastorate, which is also under monument protection, is not located directly at the church, but a little further east on Dorfstraße. It is a thatched Uthland Frisian house with a baroque front door. Nothing is known about the construction time, only that Pastor Fabricius found it dilapidated when he took up service in 1727 and had it repaired. In 1773 it was rebuilt and expanded during the tenure of his successor Gotthelf Johannes Schmid while retaining part of the old building structure. In addition to the pastor's apartment, it now houses the parish offices in Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll, Horsbüll and Klanxbüll, the parish office and a parish hall in the former stable.

Church chronicle

Matthias Henck and the Archivum

In addition to old account books, the parish of Emmelsbüll has a handwritten chronicle called an archives , which was created in 1703 by the pastor Matthias Henck. Henck started his service in Emmelsbüll in 1693. Since there were no records of his predecessors about the lands belonging to the pastorate and the usual taxes and fees, individual parishioners tried to withhold what he was entitled to. At the suggestion of the Tonderan provost Samuel Reimarus, Henck began running the archives , in which he recorded on the one hand what the pastor was entitled to on land, regular taxes and fees, and on the other hand reproduced customs and events from his term of office. The chronicle continues to this day. It is also the basis of the 2018 commemorative publication .

Pastors since the Reformation

The list of pastors since the Reformation is taken from the chronicle of Deezbüller Pastor Peter Petrejus up to No. 8, after which it follows the Archivum .

  1. Mr. Bertlef
  2. Mr. Peter
  3. Mr. Jasper († 1538)
  4. Mr. Berend Petri
  5. Mr. Claus
  6. Mr. Karsten
  7. Mr. Joachim († 1547)
  8. Mr. Nicolaus Petri (1548 / 50–1601 / 3)
  9. Christian Petrejus
  10. Christian Petrejus the Younger († 1664), the son of the previous one. Both were pastors together in Emmelsbüll for about 62 years. The pulpit was made during his or her father's time.
  11. Ernestus Friedlieb (1665–1693) came from the County of Oldenburg and had been court preacher to the Countess of East Friesland from 1662–1665 .
  12. Matthias Henck (1693–1727) set up the archive , introduced the bell bag “for the benefit of the poor” and arranged for the current altar to be purchased.
  13. Nicolaus Fabricius (1727–1771) was pastor at the time the church was rebuilt. He was married to Henck's daughter.
  14. Gotthelf Johannes Schmid (1773–1781) was then provost of Tondern.
  15. Moritz Carstens (1781–1807)
  16. Johann Martin Zoega (1808-1821)
  17. Hans Peter Lorenzen (1821–1847)
  18. Gustav Ferdinand Jacobsen (1848–1871)
  19. Friedrich Adolf Nissen (1872–1877) then became senior pastor in Eckernförde.
  20. Nis Nissen (1877-1892) was then provost in Leck.
  21. Peter Petersen (1892–1912) had previously been a pastor in Simonsberg . He wrote an essay about his predecessor Henck.
  22. Christian Eduard Arnold Haustedt (1914–1927) reported in the Archivum on the anti-Danish mood before the referendum in Schleswig in 1920.
  23. Georg Paysen-Petersen (1928–1935) was the first NSDAP member in Emmelsbüll, but then fell out with the local party functionaries and left the service.
  24. Harald Martens (1936–1952) was a soldier from 1941–1945.
  25. Hans Rackow (1952–1975)
  26. Maren Brückner (1976–1996) was also responsible for the Horsbüller parish after the merger of the municipal parishes of Emmelsbüll and Horsbüll. She caused the church to be named Rimbertikirche .
  27. Bernd-Holger Janssen (1996–2008) is the great-grandson of Peter Petersen (1892–1912). Since 2000 he has also been pastor of Neugalmsbüll.
  28. Walter Christen (2008–2015) received Klanxbüll in 2012 as the fourth parish. In the same year the parishes of Emmelsbüll and Neugalmsbüll merged.
  29. Sören Zastrow (2016-2017)
  30. Gerald Rohrmann (since 2018)

In addition to the pastor, there was a second preacher, called a deacon, until 1638, but he was paid so poorly that most of them only stayed briefly. One of them, "Mr. Nicolaus, Nis Clixbüll's son", is reported to have become a pirate around the time of the Reformation and ended up on the scaffold.

literature

  • Heinrich Brauer , Wolfgang Scheffler, Hans Weber: The art monuments of the province of Schleswig-Holstein. Südtondern district. Deutscher Kunstverlag Berlin, 1939, pp. 82–87.
  • Parish of Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll (Ed.): 250 years of the Rimberti Church. Festschrift 2018. Emmelsbüll-Horsbüll 2018.
  • Richard Haupt : Art-Topography Schleswig-Holstein . Neumünster 1969, p. 900f.

Web links

Commons : Rimbertikirche  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Nicolai Andreas Jensen : Attempt at church statistics on the Duchy of Schleswig . Vol. 1, Flensburg 1840, p. 524.
  2. ↑ Parish of Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll (ed.): 250 years of the Rimberti Church. Festschrift 2018 , p. 10f.
  3. ↑ a b c Parish of Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll (ed.): 250 years of the Rimberti Church. Festschrift 2018 , p. 23.
  4. ↑ parish Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll (ed.): 250 years Rimberti Church. Festschrift 2018 , p. 25.
  5. ↑ parish Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll (ed.): 250 years Rimberti Church. Festschrift 2018 , p. 26.
  6. ↑ Parish of Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll (ed.): 250 years of the Rimberti Church. Festschrift 2018 , p. 58.
  7. ↑ Dirk Jonkanski: The sky over Emmelsbüll . In: DenkMal! 2/1995, pp. 55-58.
  8. ↑ Hans Thomas Carstensen, Wolfgang Henningsen: The Emmelsbüller "Judensau". On the iconography of a stone carving. In: Nordelbingen . Contributions to art and cultural history. Vol. 58, Heide (Holstein) 1989, p. 7 ff.
  9. ^ Dehio-Handbuch Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein . 3. Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2009, p. 245
  10. ↑ parish Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll (ed.): 250 years Rimberti Church. Festschrift 2018 , p. 55.
  11. ^ Hans Carstensen: Wiedingharder Kirchenführer. ISBN 978-3837031898 , p. 33.
  12. ↑ Parish of Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll (ed.): 250 years of the Rimberti Church. Festschrift 2018 , pp. 48–54.
  13. ^ Hans Carstensen: Wiedingharder Kirchenführer. P. 30.
  14. ↑ Parish of Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll (ed.): 250 years of the Rimberti Church. Festschrift 2018 , p. 67.
  15. ↑ a b Peter Petersen: From the life of Pastor Matthias Henck in Emmelsbüll, a preacher picture from North Friesland , in: Writings of the Association for Schleswig-Holstein Church History , Series II Vol. 3, 1904, pp. 228-265.
  16. ↑ Petrus Petrejus: A foundation of the North Frisian and especially the eiderstedtischen church history . Edited by Albert Panten and Heinz Sandelmann. Bredstedt
  17. ^ The information given by Henck and Petrejus on Petri's term of office is different. However, there is agreement that he was pastor in Emmelsbüll for 51 years and died there at the age of 77.
  18. ↑ Parish of Emmelsbüll-Neugalmsbüll (ed.): 250 years of the Rimberti Church. Festschrift 2018 , p. 67.

Coordinates: 54 ° 48 ′ 43.4 "  N , 8 ° 41 ′ 24"  E