Red comb (geotope)
The Rote Kamm is a geological fault about eight kilometers long in the Saxon Ore Mountains .
In Bad Schlema , one of the hardships of this disorder has been opened up as a geotope and placed under protection as a natural monument . In addition, the geotope is a selected site within the Schlema mining landscape for the candidacy for the UNESCO World Heritage “ Ore Mountains Mining Region ”.
location
The fault crosses the districts of Schneeberg , Oberschlema, Auerhammer , Aue and Lauter . It strikes with about 315-320 ° northwest-southeast and falls with about 50 ° and with increasing depth to 70 ° to the northeast. The thickness is usually 20 to 25 m, but can also grow to 100 m. While it was only superficial in the 19th century and opened up by the Marx-Semmler-Stolln , the uranium mining of the SAG / SDAG Wismut, which began after 1945, made it possible to create almost 40 underground explorations and explorations , which provided further knowledge. The deepest outcrop was on the −480 m level, that is, 480 m below the level of the Marx-Semmler-Adit. It was last explored in 2013 when driving the southern break to the Marx-Semmler-Stolln. The mined length is about 3 km.
The geotope of the same name is located on the Zechenplatz in Bad Schlema, about 50 m west of the hat house of the Marx-Semmler-Stolln. In addition, the disruption is also noticeable on the Eichert in Aue .
origin of the name
The name is derived from the reddish color of the rock, which is caused by finely divided hematite . In mining, a crest is the term used to describe hard layers that penetrate softer rock.
Geology and mining
The Red Ridge is the most significant single fault in the north-west-south-east trending Gera-Jáchymov zone , which is about twelve kilometers wide and includes numerous faults trending parallel. It was formed about 300 million years ago during the Variscan orogeny , when the Ore Mountains were formed by the collision of the Armorica and Laurussia continental plates .
The Red Ridge is a deportation with a maximum jump height of 580 m. After the surface removal of the rocks above, it is now clearly visible on geological maps, where it creates an almost straight eastern boundary of the granite bodies of Schneeberg and Auerhammer.
The disturbance is of particular importance because it forms the natural border between two very different deposit areas that have shaped the image of this mining region for several centuries. The fact that the region lies at the intersection with the Central Saxon Lineament , which forms the northern boundary of the Ore Mountains, was beneficial for the formation of the dike deposits .
The deposit area of Schneeberg to the west covers an area of around 20 km² and consists of mica-slate-like to phyllitic rocks that underwent extensive mineralization in the contact area of the Eibenstock granite . From 1470 these gave rise to intensive mining for silver and cobalt , but also for nickel , tin and tungsten . In contrast, the Schlema-Alberoda district to the east, which is again subdivided into the Oberschlema and Niederschlema-Alberoda sub-districts, only became important after 1945 through uranium mining in the Wismut objects 02 and 09 . Here the Ordovician - Silurian - Devonian slates penetrate at intervals of one to four meters . The effects of mining, which continued until 1991, i.e. relatively short-term, were even more serious for the landscape. In total, around 80,000 tons of uranium were extracted from the uranium ores mined from 1946 to early 1991. This means that the deposit, which has now largely been eliminated, is one of the largest of its type in the world.
The disturbance itself was also the subject of iron ore mining. This is proven as early as the middle of the 15th century and is therefore older than silver mining in this area. Proof of this is the mouth hole of the lower red rock tunnel on the left of the geotope, which was lined in 1994 by the Schneeberg mountain security and provided with a keystone with the date 1451.
Natural monument
The geotope at Zechenplatz is about three to four meters thick. In the lying position it consists of iron- shed quartz with a drusy structure, while the quartz in the hanging wall is very dense. At the outcrop, clearly pronounced armor surfaces can be observed, which testify to the tectonic movements. The duct itself contains quartz and barite (barite) as well as iron and manganese ores.
The “Red Ridge Natural Monument” was placed under protection on December 4, 1975. The 10th and last station of the “Soil Trail Bad Schlema” is also located here at the geotope.
Geothermal surveys
Deep seismic studies indicate that the Gera-Jáchymov zone extends as far as the border area between the lower crust and the mantle . The TU Bergakademie Freiberg is planning to drill a research well in the area of the Rote Kamm in order to investigate the construction of a geothermal power plant .
literature
- Axel Hiller, Werner Schuppan: Geology and uranium mining in the Schlema-Alberoda district . In: State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (Ed.): Mining in Saxony . 1st edition. tape 14 , 2008 ( sachsen.de [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
- Jens Pfeifer: The “Roter Kamm” geotope on Zechenplatz in Bad Schlema - an outstanding geological natural monument . In: Erzgebirgische Heimatblätter . Issue 4, 2014, pp. 11–14 ( underground.com [PDF; 3.5 MB ]).
- Helmuth Albrecht et al .: Implementation study Bad Schlema . Establishment and definition of the world heritage areas and buffer zones as part of the Ore Mountains Mining Region project. Ed .: Förderverein "Montanregion Erzgebirge" eV SAXONIA, Freiberg 2012, p. 20 .
- Ludwig Baumann, Ewald Kuschka, Thomas Seifert: Deposits of the Ore Mountains . Enke in Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, p. 198-209 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Montanregion Krušné hory - Erzgebirge, ops (ed.): Monuments of mining in the Montanregion Erzgebirge / Krušnohoří . 2014, Hornická krajina Bad Schlema / Bad Schlema mining landscape, p. 149–151 (German, Czech, montanregion.cz [PDF; 5.9 MB ]). PDF, 5.9 MB ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Wismut environmental report, 2013 edition (PDF; 7.4 MB) Retrieved on September 17, 2016 .
- ↑ About Aue, Schwarzenberg and Johanngeorgenstadt (= values of our homeland . Volume 20). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1972, p. 34.
- ↑ Kamm , No. 6. In: Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm: German Dictionary , Leipzig 1854–1960 (www.woerterbuchnetz.de).
- ^ Heinrich Veith : German mountain dictionary with evidence . Korn, Breslau 1871, p. 283 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Soil nature trail "Bad Schlema" , accessed on September 17, 2016
- ^ Hans-Jürgen Berger et al .: Deep geothermal energy in Saxony. 1. Work stage 09/2009 - 07/2010 . In: Series of publications by the State Office for the Environment, Agriculture and Geology . Issue 9/2011, 2011, p. 26th f . ( sachsen.de [PDF; 7.7 MB ]).
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 36 '4.4 " N , 12 ° 39' 15.9" E