Sweet scented flower

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Sweet scented flower
Sweet scented flower (Osmanthus fragrans)

Sweet scented flower ( Osmanthus fragrans )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Olive family (Oleaceae)
Genre : Scented flowers ( osmanthus )
Type : Sweet scented flower
Scientific name
Osmanthus fragrans
( Thun. ) Lour.

The sweet scented flower ( Osmanthus fragrans ) is a plant species native to East Asia from the genus of the scented flowers ( Osmanthus ) in the olive family (Oleaceae).

description

Branch with lateral inflorescences

Vegetative characteristics

The sweet scented bloom grows as an evergreen shrub , more rarely as a small tree and reaches heights of 3 to 5 meters, rarely up to 10 meters. It usually grows with multiple stems, with the stems typically dividing close to the ground. The crown is wide; older specimens are about as wide as they are tall. The sweet scented flower is slow-growing and can reach a relatively old age. The plant parts are bare. The shrub quickly balds inside, but retains its full appearance on the outside.

The constantly against arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole has a length of 0.8 to 1.2, rarely up to 1.5 centimeters. The leathery leaf blade is elliptical to elliptical-lanceolate in shape with a length of 7 to 14.5 centimeters and a width of 2.6 to 4.5 centimeters . The leaf surfaces are glossy green to dark green. The leaf edge is smooth or usually finely serrated, with smooth-edged and serrated leaves appearing on the same shrub.

Generative characteristics

The flowers appear from autumn, usually from September to October, and more rarely in early spring; The flowers set sporadically in summer. In the leaf axils there are often some zymose inflorescences that contain many flowers. The bracts are broad-ovate with a length of 2 to 4 millimeters. The flower stalk has a length of 4 to 10 millimeters.

The relatively small flowers give off an intense, sweet scent. The flowers are four-fold and radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . The calyx is only about 1 millimeter in size. The yellowish, yellow to orange, 3 to 4 millimeter long petals have grown together to form a tube that is only 0.5 to 1 millimeter long. The stamens are fused with the center of the corolla tube.

With a length of 1 to 1.5 centimeters across ellipsoid drupes turn blue when ripe in March to purple-black.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.

Occurrence

The exact original home of the sweet scented flower is no longer known. Their occurrences extend over China with the provinces Zhejiang , Guizhou , Sichuan，Yunnan and Guangxi , where the city of Guilin was named after the sweet scented flower, over the southern part of Kyushu in Japan , further over Bhutan , Nepal and in India over Assam , Nagaland and Sikkim ; it is also widespread in northern Myanmar and northern Thailand . It is called in Chinese  桂花 , Pinyin guìhuā .

Osmanthus fragrans is hardy to around −7 ° C and can survive frosts down to around −12 ° C.

Systematics

This species was introduced in 1784 under the name Olea fragrans by Carl Peter Thunberg in Systema Vegetabilium. Editio decima quarta , p. 57 first published . It was placed in the genus Osmanthus in 1790 under the name Osmanthus fragrans by the Portuguese botanist João de Loureiro in Flora cochinchinensis , 1, p. 29. Other synonyms for Osmanthus fragrans (Thun.) Lour. are: Olea ovalis Miq. , Osmanthus longibracteatus H.T.Chang , Osmanthus macrocarpus PYBai and Osmanthus fragrans var. Thunbergii Makino .

One can distinguish between two varieties:

  • Osmanthus fragrans var. Aurantiacus Makino (Syn .: Osmanthus aurantiacus (Makino) Nakai ): It occurs in southern Kyushu .
  • Osmanthus fragrans var. Fragrans : It occurs from the Himalayas to Taiwan.
Black tea with dried osmanthus flowers

use

The aroma is used for flavored teas. In the production of cassia wine is white wine mixed with the scent of sweet osmanthus. The obtained osmanthus essence is very expensive and is used for particularly fine perfumes .

Use as an ornamental plant

Because of its fragrant flowers, the sweet scented flower is often used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens in climatically favorable areas .

Cultures (selection):

  • 'Apricot Gold': The flowers of this shape are apricot-gold colored.
  • forma aurantiacus : the flowers are pale orange in color; this form is sometimes also regarded as the variety Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus Makino .
  • 'Butter Yellow': A shape with buttery yellow flowers.
  • 'Orange Supreme': The flowers are light orange in color

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Osmanthus fragrans in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ↑ data sheet at desert-tropicals.com.
  3. ↑ Osmanthus fragrans at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Osmanthus fragrans. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 6, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Sweet Scented Blossom ( Osmanthus fragrans )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files