San Crispieri
| San Crispieri | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Italy | ||
| region | Apulia | ||
| province | Tarent (TA) | ||
| local community | Faggiano | ||
| Coordinates | 40 ° 24 ' N , 17 ° 24' E | ||
| height | 56 m slm | ||
| Residents | 297 (2016) | ||
| Telephone code | 099 | CAP | 74020 |
San Crispieri (in the dialect of Brindisi : San Crispièri ) is an Italian fraction in the municipality of Faggiano in the province of Taranto in Apulia with 297 inhabitants and is located about two kilometers south of Faggiano.
location
The fraction lies on the slopes of the Serra di Sant'Elia, the highest hill of the Murge Tarantine at an altitude of 56 m slm in an area characterized by extensive vineyards, olive groves and uncultivated rocky areas.
The origin of the name
Allegedly the feudal lords called the Casale San Crispino and only later did it become San Crispiere and then San Crispieri , as it is called today. In the list of existing houses in the area of Taranto from 1571, the Casale Sanctorum Trium Puerorum ( Latin : Holy three young men [Anania, Misael and Azaria]) and in brackets San Crispiero were mentioned .
history
San Crispieri was built on the dilapidated “Casale” Sanctorum Trium Puerorum , whose existence is attested as early as the second half of the 13th century. In 1275 Charles I of Anjou , Prince of Taranto , ceded the Casale to Vitale, Cirillo and Nicodemo, Greek monks ( called Calogeri ) from San Vito del Pizzo (today's Capo San Vito, fraction of Taranto).
Charles II , son of Charles I, believed that the Casale was state property and inadvertently enfeoffed the noble Visconti family from Taranto with it in 1285 . He raised the family to the status of Marchesen .
His successor Philip I of Taranto restituted the Casale in 1325 to the Calogeri of San Vito, in whose possession it remained until the beginning of the 16th century when they gave up their monastery in San Vito and moved to the city of Taranto, where Robert of Taranto gave them the Hospice and the Church of San Salvatore.
In 1517 the Baron von Carosino , Evangelista Simonetti von Castellaneta , was enfeoffed with San Crispieri. The Casale went to his son Giovanni Antonio in 1527, who was in turn followed by his son Mario in 1529. In the case of the feudal succession, he refused to pay the due tax (called relevio), which in a sense renewed and perpetuated the feudal investiture, to the king of Naples . San Crispieri later became the property of the D'Ayala family through the marriage of Eleonora Simonetti to Diego D'Ayala.
The Albanian settlement of San Crispieri
The settlement of the first Albanians ( Arbëresh ) from the Epirus is said to go back to the year 1517, when Carosino in the Albania Tarantina was also repopulated . In addition to their customs and traditions, the Epiroten also brought the Greco-Byzantine faith with them from their homeland .
In 1578 San Crispieri received his first pastoral visit from the Archbishop of Taranto, Lelio Brancaccio . The church dedicated to Saint George was well preserved at that time. It was equipped with a two-door iconostasis , church utensils , paraments , holy books, facilities of the Eastern liturgical tradition and the walls were covered with frescoes ( depicta figuris ) depicting the life of the holy Greek monks. It can be assumed that the frescoes were the work of the Basilian monks of the monastery of San Vito del Pizzo.
Papas was Lazaro Borsci, who was ordained in 1558 by Pafnuzio, Archbishop of Agrigento and Metropolitan of the Greco-Byzantine Church in Italy (1543–1566). Brancaccio's information shows that Papas Borsci still retained many religious Eastern customs. Although Pope Paul III. gave the Albanians in Italy full recognition within Catholicism with the bull of 1536 , Brancaccio urged the Greco-Byzantine community of San Crispieri to adopt the Latin rite . While the neighboring parishes refused to give in to the archbishop's pressure, Papas Borsci, who was very concerned about the religious education of the people entrusted to him, persuaded the parish to observe Lent according to the ecclesiastical rules of the Latin Church. ( See also: Section Religion in the Albania Tarantina )
The fall of the Greco-Byzantine rite and the religious rites belonging to it began in San Crispieri and the surrounding Arbëresh communities with the suppression decree of 1622 by Archbishop Antonio d'Aquino. Eastern customs and traditions, such as wedding and funeral ceremonies, were preserved until the beginning of the 19th century. Mention should also be made of the Carnival festival (in Arbëresh: Arcipurcium), which was celebrated every year in every Arbëresh community in Albania Tarantina. ( See also: Section The Lost Rites )
With the constant contact of “Latins” (Italians), both the Albanian language of the forefathers (Gluha Arbëreshë) and the Eastern customs and traditions disappeared, so that today in San Crispieri, in addition to the ruins of the Chiesa Santa Maria di Costantinopoli ( Saint Mary of Constantinople ) there is no longer any trace of Albanian origin in the collective memory.
Augustinian monastery of San Nicola da Bari
In the Casale San Crispieri , the monastery of San Nicola da Bari was founded in 1601 by an Augustinian monk from Taranto, Brother Agostino, with the consent of Archbishop Ottavio Mirto Frangipane and the head of the province of Apulia. The monastery family, which consisted of two priests and two lay brothers, received the means of subsistence from an allocated capital of 400 ducats , which brought in 9% Scudi interest annually . In 1650, three monks, two priests and a servant lived in the monastery.
The church with sacristy and choir was liturgically oriented ( versus apsidem ), as was customary until the Second Vatican Council . The high altar, on which the statue of the Madonna of Constantinople stood, was reserved for the Holy of Holies . On the side walls there were five chapels, one of which was unadorned, while the other four, according to the paintings above the altars, were dedicated to Saint Augustine of Hippo , the Madonna of the Rosary , the Madonna del Carmine and the Madonna Annunziata .
The monastery, the periphery of which was 38 canne (about 80 m), consisted of two chambers for the monks, three rooms that were not yet completed, a kitchen, a refectory , a cellar, a barn and a garden with various trees. Prior in 1646 was Brother Pietro from Manduria . In 1647 the priory was reserved “in pectore” (in secrecy) for Brother Domenico from Manduria, who in 1649 was elected prior of the monastery. In 1651 his office was confirmed by the “Capitolo provinciale” (provincial chapter). In 1652 another brother of Manduria was the monastery prior.
With the suppression campaign of Pope Innocent X the monastery of San Crispieri was abolished. The 20 ducats of the annual collection were distributed to other monasteries by decision of the “Central Chapter” in 1654, while the movable goods of a non-religious nature were sold by the Prior of Taranto. The property income from the leased land of the Augustinian monastery went to the Chiesa Santa Maria of Constantinople after its suppression.
The churches of San Crispieri
Chiesa Santa Maria di Costantinopoli
04.jpg)
The Chiesa Santa Maria di Costantinopoli (Saint Mary of Constantinople) from the first half of the 13th century is located in the former area of the Casale "Sanctorum Trium Puerorum" just outside of San Crispieri and is now in ruins.
The church is liturgically oriented, ie in the Byzantine tradition the apse is always to the east, where the sun rises, symbol of the kingdom of light, which is the Lord God. Despite the severe state of disrepair in which the church is today, the original architectural design can be recognized. The rectilinear facade elements from the late 16th century are interrupted by the main portal, above which is a sober, blown tympanum . The interior consists of a single nave with a barrel vault . Along the side walls there are deep, windowless arches with decorated cuffs , separated by pilaster strips , framing altars. The exception is the central left arch, where the side entrance was located, which is now walled up. Only traces of the vitalizing colorful plaster of the interior are left today. The high altar from the 16th century, which is framed by a deep apse, is still visible.
When Brancaccio paid his pastoral visit to San Crispieri in 1578, the mother church was dedicated to Saint George. It is not known when it was dedicated to Santa Maria di Costantinopoli. The mother church was declared unusable and abandoned about 50 years ago. The title “Mother Church” was transferred to the Chiesa San Francesco da Paola in the center of San Crispieri from the second half of the 15th century, where the statue of the Madonna of Constantinople is now also located.
The feast of Santa Maria of Constantinople on the first Tuesday in March continues to be one of the most important events in the area. After the Eucharist , the procession - accompanied by a band - takes place in the streets of San Crispieri. The festival ends with fireworks at 9.30 p.m.
Chiesa San Francesco da Paola
02.jpg)
The Chiesa di San Francesco da Paola from the second half of the 15th century is located near the castle and houses two ancient paintings and the statue of the Madonna of Constantinople from the former church of Chiesa Santa Maria di Costantinopoli by San Crispieri.
Castle of San Crispieri
01.jpg)
The castle of San Crispieri, more in the shape of a palace, was built in the late 16th century and was not completed until the second decade of the following century. Many architectural adaptation measures followed due to the various owners. Today the building belongs to the Ciaccia family. The dominant elements of the structure are simplicity and geometric disposition. The linearity of the complex is enlivened by a circular wall made of the typical local stone “Carparo” and by three finely chiselled window frames, which can be traced back to the original construction phase of the 16th century. The simple arched entrance, which opens onto the main facade, leads through a barrel vault into the courtyard.
Population development
San Crispieri had 31 in 1532 and 60 Fuochi (approx. 240 people) in 1575 and 113 people lived in the fraction in 1810: 15 wealthy people, 1 employee, 5 pastors, 30 farmers, 1 artist, 2 doctors and 3 doctors (they were probably nurses, who treated the sick with poultices). In 1818, with 116 souls, San Crispieri was the smallest settlement in Albania Tarantina after San Martino.
literature
- F. Antonio Primaldo Coco: Casali Albanesi nel Tarentino . Grottaferrata 1921 (Italian, dimarcomezzojuso.it [PDF]).
- Pietro Dalena: Insediamenti albanesi nel territorio di Taranto (Secc. 15-16): realtà storica e mito storiografico . In: Miscellanea di Studi Storici-Università della Calabria . Centro editoriale librario Università della Calabria, Vol. II, 1989, pp. 36-104 (Italian, vatrarberesh.it [PDF; accessed May 17, 2017]).
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Casale (plural casali ) is the Italian name for a house or a group of houses in the country.
- ↑ The term Calogeri (singular: Calogero ; καλόγηρος, Kalògheros) is of Greek origin and is composed of the words καλός (beautiful, good-natured) and γῆρας (old). The name Calogeri was used in eastern and southern Italy for hermit monks of the Basilian order .
- ↑ in the Christian church the chapter is an assembly of the clergy of a monastery or monastery; also the assembly of religious or secular orders and brotherhoods. ( Bibliographisches Institut & FA Brockhaus AG, 2002, Sat_Wolf, Bavaria )
- ^ Italian for fire; family households are meant here.
Individual evidence
- ↑ La Frazione di San Crispieri. Retrieved May 28, 2017 (Italian).
- ↑ a b c d e Casali Albanesi nel Tarentino, p. 46.
- ↑ Casali Albanesi nel Tarentino, p. 45.
- ↑ calogero. In: Treccani.it. Retrieved July 5, 2017 (Italian).
- ^ Deputazione toscana di storia patria: Archivio storico italiano , Quarta series, Tomo VI. GP Vieucceux, Florence 1880, p. 321 (Italian).
- ↑ Domenico Ludovico De Vincentiis: Storia di Taranto (= Collana di storia ed arte tarantina . Volume 2 ). Mandese, Tarent 1983, p. 428 (Italian, reprint of the 1878 edition, presented by Cosimo Damiano Fonseca).
- ↑ a b Casali Albanesi nel Tarentino, p. 38.
- ↑ Pietro Dalena, p. 38
- ↑ a b c d e f Casali Albanesi nel Tarentino, p. 47.
- ↑ a b Latinizzazione delle comunità arbereshe dell'Albania tarantina di Calogero Raviotta. Retrieved May 30, 2017 (Italian).
- ^ Comunità di rito bizantino in Italia. Retrieved May 28, 2017 (Italian).
- ^ Giuseppe Maria Viscardi: Tra Europa e "Indie di quaggiù". Chiesa, religosità e cultura popolare nel Mezzogiorno . Storia e Letteratura, Rome 2005, ISBN 88-8498-155-7 , p. 377 (Italian, online version in Google Book Search).
- ^ Cenni storici. (No longer available online.) Sanmarzano-ta.gov.it, p. 6 , archived from the original on March 8, 2017 ; Retrieved June 4, 2017 (Italian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Casali Albanesi nel Tarentino, p. 45.
- ^ Historiana Augustiana. Retrieved June 5, 2017 (Italian).
- ↑ a b c d Mario Mattei: Gli insediamenti agostiniani nella Puglia Meridional . Centro Culturale Agostiniano onlus, Rome 2007, p. 15 (Italian).
- ^ A b Vittorio De Marco: La Diocesi di Taranto nell'età moderna (1560-1713) . Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, Rome 1990, ISBN 88-6372-022-3 , p. 212 (Italian, online version in Google Book Search [accessed June 5, 2017]).
- ↑ a b c Santa Maria di Costantinopoli a Taranto ea San Crispieri. Retrieved June 4, 2017 (Italian).
- ↑ Vincenzo Bruno, Antonio Trupo: La chiesa di Santa Maria Assunta , III edizione, Rubinetto print, Soveria Mannelli (Catanzaro), 2011, p. 7
- ^ Chiesa di Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, situata in Via per San Crispieri, Faggiano (TA). Retrieved June 5, 2017 (Italian).
- ^ Chiesa di San Francesco da Paola. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 8, 2017 (Italian). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Tutte le Fortificazioni della Provincia di Taranto. Retrieved June 5, 2017 (Italian).
