Schönau (Schernfeld)

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Schönau
Municipality Schernfeld
Coat of arms of Schönau
Coordinates: 48 ° 54 ′ 46 "  N , 11 ° 4 ′ 53"  E
Height : 537  (533-553)  m
Residents : 139  (1983)
Incorporation : 1st January 1971
Postal code : 85132
Area code : 08422

Schönau is a district of the community Schernfeld in the Upper Bavarian district of Eichstätt .

South entrance to the village with the Holy Trinity Chapel
Village center with the village chapel of the Assumption of Mary
Roman column near Schernfeld

geography

Schönau is located in the Ingolstadt region in the Altmühltal Nature Park on the Jura plateau north of the Altmühltal . State road 2387 runs through the village.

Prehistory

The village was laid out on a pre-Roman road.

history

Foundation of the Schönau settlement

The Schönau settlement is located on the Roman road from Dollnstein towards Göhren, Treuchtlingen. A "Roman column", erected in 1858 under King Maximilian II Joseph at the intersection near Schernfeld, shows the way in a north-westerly direction to Göhren. If you follow the road, you will reach the village of Schönau after 1.5 km.

The course for the later establishment of the village was set in 889, when the then King Charlemagne donated parts of the royal forest property to the Bishop of Eichstätt. From the borderline at that time one can deduce that the Schönauer corridor and the building were already in the possession of the bishop at that time.

Approx. 300 years later, Bishop Otto (1182–1196) came up with the idea of ​​using the political calm of the second half of the 12th century to plan settlements in order to increase the number of churches and parishes . He brought specific plans and ideas for the construction of such planned settlements with him to Eichstätt as early as 1190, after he had consecrated the church of the newly created planned settlement Blossenau near Monheim . This planned settlement was based on the model of German colonization in the eastern parts of the empire. There the local type of the street perch village has proven to be extremely useful. The anger was the center of the village with the facilities that are important for the village community. Thus, the road leading through the longitudinal axis of the village forked, enclosed the Anger and led back together at the end of the village. Bishop Otto died before his plans could be realized. His successor Hartwig , who knew about these plans as provost of the cathedral under Bishop Otto, implemented this soon after 1200 with the clearing to build the Schönauer Flur . He commissioned a master who was assigned a precisely defined area. This master may already have had experience with the construction of such settlements.

Another story

The clearing village of Schönau was first mentioned in a document in 1239; the Augustinian canons Rebdorf owned property in the village at this time. From 1309 the village belonged to the Eichstätter church after a comparison with Ludwig Graf von Oettingen . It remained with the Hochstift Eichstätt until the end of the Old Kingdom and was subject to the Dollnstein Nursing Office . The village and community rule over the 26 subjects was exercised by the prince-bishop's caste office in Mörnsheim. The place belonged to the parish Obereichstätt . After secularization , the village with the former prince-bishopric of Eichstätt came under the rule of Tuscany and in 1806 under Bavaria and there to the regional court / rent office Eichstätt. In 1808 a tax district Schernfeld was formed, to which Schernfeld, Rupertsbuch , Sappenfeld , Harthof and Schönau belonged. In 1818 the tax district was dissolved again. In 1830 126 people lived in the 27 properties in the village.

In 1719 a village chapel was built in the center of the village; until then there was only a wayside shrine on the village green. Having become too small, it was replaced by a larger sacred building in 1955 by the architect Friedrich Ferdinand Haindl , Munich. In 1997 the village chapel was extensively renovated and the sanctuary was redesigned in 2000.

In 1950 Schönau consisted of 29 properties with 202 inhabitants. In 1955, the church belonged to the Schernfeld Expositur (parish since 1956). On January 1, 1971, Schönau voluntarily joined the community of Schernfeld. In 1983 139 people lived in the village; there were 5 full-time farms and 7 part-time farms. In 2007 a "village house" built by the village association "D'Schönauer" for youth work and community purposes was inaugurated.

Attractions

  • Village chapel of the Assumption of Mary with a Gothic Madonna (around 1430)
  • Trinity Chapel at the southern entrance to the village, probably built in 1868
  • Kreuzstein , standing on the road to Schernfeld
See also the list of architectural monuments in Schernfeld # Schönau

societies

  • Voluntary fire brigade, founded in 1980
  • Village association "D'Schönauer"
  • St. Georg Schützen Schernfeld / Schönau

literature

  • The new Marienkirche in Schönau, in: St. Willibaldsbote Eichstätt from November 6, 1955.
  • Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria, Part Franconia, Series I, Issue 6, Munich: Commission for Bavarian State History 1959.
  • Friedrich Eigler : The development of planned settlements on the southern Franconian Jura , Munich 1975.
  • Felix Mader : The art monuments of Middle Franconia. II Eichstätt District Office , Munich: R. Oldenbourg 1928, reprint 1982, p. 325f.
  • The Eichstätter space in past and present , 2nd extended edition, Eichstätt: Sparkasse 1984, p. 282f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d The Eichstätter room, p. 282
  2. ^ According to Eigler or Schönau: Founded as a planned settlement 800 years ago. In: Eichstätter Kurier from 20./21. August 2005
  3. ↑ Historical Atlas, p. 141
  4. ↑ a b Historical Atlas, p. 199
  5. ↑ Schönauer built their own church 50 years ago. In: Eichstätter Kurier of September 21, 2005
  6. ↑ a b c St. Willibaldsbote Eichstätt from November 6, 1955
  7. ↑ Eichstätter Kurier of September 17, 1997 and Wilhelm Volkert (Ed.): Handbook of Bavarian Offices, Municipalities and Courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 456 .
  8. ↑ Eichstätter Kurier from September 28, 2007 and from 6/7. October 2007
  9. ↑ Eichstätter Kurier of May 4, 2005
  10. ^ Voluntary fire brigade Schönau, Schernfeld: 100th anniversary with flag consecration ... from June 4 to 6, 1980 , Schönau 1980

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