Štítary (Krásná)
| Štítary | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Karlovarský kraj | ||||
| District : | Cheb | ||||
| Municipality : | Krásná | ||||
| Area : | 582,936 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 14 ' N , 12 ° 8' E | ||||
| Height: | 662 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 11 (2011) | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Krásná - Štítary | ||||
| Railway connection: | Aš – Adorf | ||||
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Štítary ( German Schildern ) is a basic settlement unit of the municipality of Krásná in the Czech Republic . The former municipality of Štítary was officially dissolved in 1950.
geography
Geographical location
Štítary is four kilometers northwest of Aš on the Czech-German border in the Smrčiny Nature Park. The location is located in the Ašská vrchovina ( Ash Mountains ) on the eastern slope of the Štítarský vrch ( Schilderberg , 716 m nm) above the valley of the Hraniční potok / Grünau or Lohbach. To the north rises the Stráňka ( Gehängberg , 689 m nm), in the Bieretwiese at the foot of the Lužní potok / Zinnbach rises . To the northwest lies the source of the Újezdský potok / Mähringsbach ; it is dammed on its upper course in the Štítarský rybník ( Herrenteich ).
Neighboring communities
Neighboring towns are Pastviny and Loupežnické Domky ( Raubhaus ) in the northeast, Kamenná and Ängerlein in the northeast, Vojenské Domky ( soldiers' houses ), Krásná and Knallhütte in the east, Nové Domy ( Neuhausen ) in the southeast, Neuhausen, Baumgärtelmühle and Reichenbach in the south, Schönlind in the southwest, Štítarský Vrch and Dolina in the west and Újezd and Farnhaus in the northwest.
Local division
The basic settlement unit Štítary is part of the district Krásná; it forms the cadastral district of Štítary u Krásné . The desert areas Ängerlein, Farnhaus, Štítarský Kopec ( Schilderberg ) and Dolina ( Tiefenreuth ) are located on the cadastre .
history
The first written mention of the village Schildern , which belongs to the Nordgau , took place on March 10, 1342 in the course of the division of the property of the extinct Lords of Schönberg . Hans von Uttenhofen received the Schilderner Holz and his nephew Berthold the tenth of five courtyards in shields as well as one courtyard each in Untersteuhausen and Oberneuhausen. The place name is derived from an obligation to guard duty on the Schilderberg . The old Egerer Straße, documented since 1387, ran through the village from Eger via Asch to Hof . In 1392 Schildern was mentioned in the Egerer Klosteuerbuch . At the transition from the 14th to the 15th century, the Lords of Zedtwitz acquired the village.
In signs there was probably one dedicated to St. Michael consecrated church, to which, in addition to signs, Tiefenreuth and Ängerlein, the villages of Mähring , Neuhausen , Schönlind , Lauterbach and part of Reichenbach up to the brook were parish. These villages celebrated their parish fair together on the Sunday after Michaelmas. The residents of Schilder were not involved in the construction of the first church in Asch . It is believed that the Schilderner church during the Hussite Wars was destroyed; the villages of the extinct parish were then parish to Asch. In Asch there is also a legend about the Schilderner bell. The field names Kirchacker , Kirchbrunnen , Kirchwiese and Pfaffenwald have been preserved until modern times , so that the presumable location of the church can be narrowed down. However, the existence of the church has so far not been confirmed either by documentary sources or by archaeological finds.
With the support of the landlords, Martin Luther's teaching was spread in the 1530s; after a Protestant pastor was introduced in Asch by Johann Streitberger in 1542 , the village became Protestant. The re-Catholicization in Bohemia that began after the Thirty Years War could not be enforced in the Ascher Ländchen due to a treaty concluded in 1331 between the Lords of Zedtwitz and King Johann of Luxembourg . In 1650, in the unification of Nuremberg, the Protestant lords of Zedtwitz were granted freedom of religion, and the population also remained Protestant.
In 1782 there were 36 school children in signs. In 1845, signs consisted of 44 houses with 246 residents. In the village there was an inn and the remains of an old church. The little village of Tiefenreut or Schilderberg with seven houses, the little village of Engerl or Engerlein as well as the single-layer color house were situated apart . The village was parish to Asch or Niklasberg. Until the middle of the 19th century, the Asch reign was subject to shields .
After the abolition of patrimonial , Schildern formed a district of the community of Schönbach in the judicial district of Asch from 1849 . From 1868 the village belonged to the Asch district . In 1870 a school house was built. In 1885, traffic on the Asch-Roßbach local railway began, and a stop was set up at Ängerlein. There is evidence of an inn in Ängerlein since 1893, which later received a wooden dance floor extension, which had to be demolished in 1927 for security reasons. In the upper village of Schildern, in addition to the "Gasthaus Zur Eiche" in the center of the village, a second restaurant opened with the "Waldschlösschen"; the latter burned down in 1908 and was not rebuilt. On January 16, 1905, Schildern broke away from Schönbach and formed its own community. This was divided into the districts Ängerlein, Farnhaus, Schildern and Schilderberg ( Štítarský Kopec ) with Tiefenreuth ( Dolina ); the core town consisted of the upper village ( Horní Ves ) and lower village ( Dolní Ves ). Not far from the border to Neuhausen, the second Ascher waterworks was built in 1910 on Schilderner Flur. In 1913 a dance hall was added to the "Gasthaus Zur Eiche"; the inn with a garden restaurant was one of the popular destinations for Sunday outings for the citizens of Ascher. In 1916 a local road was built between Schildern and Ängerlein. In 1920 the Upper and Lower Villages were connected to the power supply for the city of Selb ; the electrification of Ängerlein and Schilderberg took place in 1929. In 1922 the district road from Asch via Schönbach, Ängerlein and Schildern to Mähring was built. In 1924 the Czech place name Štítary was introduced. In 1939 Schildern had 199 inhabitants.
After the Munich Agreement , the community was added to the German district of Asch in 1938. On April 20, 1945 troops of the US Army reached the village via Hofer Strasse near Neuhausen, and three farms were burned down by tank fire. At that time, 244 people lived in the 52 houses of the parish. After the end of World War II, Štítary came back to Czechoslovakia. The German population was expelled in 1946 . Štítary, Štítarský Kopec and Dolina were not repopulated, in the following years the abandoned houses were plundered and devastated. The Ängerlein inn, which had been closed since 1946, served as the office and warehouse of the Štítary state estate from the 1950s, and was demolished in the late 1960s. When the Iron Curtain was erected , Štítary, Štítarský Kopec and Dolina were in the restricted area between the border fences. The municipality of Štítary was officially abolished in 1950 and its corridors were closed in Krásná. Preserved as a district of Krásná Ängerlein, to which the name Štítary was transferred. In 1953 all houses in the restricted area were blown up and the villages razed to the ground. At the end of the 1960s, several apartment blocks were built at the Štítary stop instead of the Ängerlein houses. A gang of border guards was stationed in the one-shift Farnhaus in the 1970s . In 1975, Štítary was incorporated into Aš together with Krásná, so that Štítary also lost the status of a district. After the Velvet Revolution , the restricted area and the observation post of the border guard in Farnhaus were dissolved. Since November 24, 1990, Štítary has been part of the Krásná municipality again. The apartment blocks at the Štítary stop have been uninhabited since the 1990s and have been left to decay.
In 2010 a hiking trail was created that leads from Krásná via Štítary past the ruined Farnhaus barracks through Újezd to the westernmost point of the Czech Republic.
Population development
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Culture and sights
- Pond Štítarský rybník ( Herrenteich ), the body of water formerly used as a bathing pond has been protected as an FFH area since 2000 on an area of 4.2 ha
- Historical landmark from 1740 near Dolina
- Sycamore Štítarský cycles , the 25-meter-high tree monument with a trunk circumference of 3.15 m grows opposite Černý Luh behind the railway line at the end of a short overgrown avenue.
literature
Web links
- Location description on asch-boehmen.de
- Description on zanikleobce.cz
- Description of the inns in signs and small letters
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/673366/Stitary-u-Krasne
- ↑ a b Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869-2015. Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on February 9, 2016 (Czech).
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj/07336/Stitary
- ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 15 - Elbogen Circle , 1847, p. 372
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Asch district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).