Štítarský vrch
| Štítarský vrch | ||
|---|---|---|
 View of the Schilderberg |
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| height | 716 m nm | |
| location | Czech Republic , Germany | |
| Mountains | Fichtel Mountains | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 14 '13 " N , 12 ° 7' 50" E | |
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Štítarský vrch ( German : Schilderberg ) is a hill on the border between Germany and the Czech Republic , which geologically and geographically belongs to the Fichtel Mountains .
Geographical location
The summit of the Schilderberg, in dialect northern Bavarian : "Schiltaberch", in Czech: Štítarský vrch , is located at a height of 716 m, approx. 500 m north of the German / Czech border on Czech territory.
It is therefore northeast of Schönlind or northwest of Neuhausen , west of the no longer existing Schilderner Unterdorf and southeast of the also no longer existing Schilderner district Schilderberg.
The mountain body of the Schilderberg lies largely in Bavarian territory . It rises from the Perlenbachgrund, below Sophienreuth Castle from the south-west, from the valley base east of Heinersberg from the west, from the Höllbachgrund or the Alte Faßmannsreuther Straße from the north-west and from Neuhausen from the south-east, straight to the summit without any noteworthy intermediate valleys.
In maps from the middle of the 19th century you can find the name “Schilderberg” west of the village of Schönlind. The lettering begins in the Perlenbachtal near Sophienreuth and leads over the old Ascher Straße to the point on the border where the municipalities Schildern (Czech: Štítary u Krásné ) and Mähring (Czech: Újezd ) bordered one another.
Probably because the writing “Schilderberg” in the old maps, between tree symbols on a gray area and with large character spacing, was difficult to detect, it was often overlooked when transferred to newer maps.
The current map of the Bavarian Surveying Office shows in an excerpt from the cadastral map work on a scale of 1: 5000 the writing “Schilderberg” in the same place as on the map from 1850. This map is also currently used by the Selb Forestry Department and the Bavarian State Forestry Administration.
It is entered in the official map of the BayernAtlas , on the Internet , in zoom levels 10 to 12 in the old position and will also be transferred to the other maps when new editions are made.
The 716 m high Schilderberg, indicated in old maps as 706 m, offered the best opportunities for border guards in front of the large Rehau Forest, as it gave a good view of the area up to Asch (Czech: Aš ), the area around Rehau and Hof as well as into the Mähring village. In this medieval guard system one could communicate by smoke signals and fire signals.
geology
This horseshoe-shaped mountain range is a knot mountain range . It connects four low mountain ranges - to the northeast the Ore Mountains , to the southeast the Upper Palatinate Forest and the Bohemian Forest , to the southwest the Franconian Jura and to the northwest the Franconian Forest , which is connected to the Thuringian Forest .
The Fichtelgebirge is a small remnant of the Variski Mountains , which were formed in geological antiquity and which passed through Central Europe and reached as far as southern Russia .
Name development
The name Variskisches Gebirge was used by the ancient Greeks and Romans and referred to the Germanic people of the Varisker , also called Narisker, who also live in the Fichtelgebirge area .
There are different approaches to the interpretation of the name Schilderberg, but no evidence for its correctness. "The name of the mountain should better be Schilterberg, which would mean Wächterberg," is assumed.
In an interrogation of witnesses at the Bayreuth border inspection in 1684 (Bamberg State Archives, copy by Dr. Klier), it says: “From Rehau against the Schilterberg”, and the Zedtwitz shepherd Geupel mentioned his tricks “at the Schönlinder Grund and ground past to the summit of the Schilterberg ”. Bauer's map reads “Schilderberg”, and in the land division 1785 it says “Schilderer Berg”.
The name Schild also occurs in Rehau . This is the name of the hill between Rehau and Heinersberg Schild. In the city there are the street names Am Schild and Schildstraße.
In addition, there was the Schilder forest department on the Bavarian side, but it was merged into the Schilderberg forest department years ago.
The former Ascher local history researcher Richard Rogler derives the name Schilderberg from schildern , there means wachen, and establishes a connection between the Schilderberg, the Wach near Oberschönbach, the Hainberg (Czech: Háj u Aše ) "as the center of the Zedwitzische Wachsystem", the Wachberg near Oberreuth (Czech: Horní Paseky ), the Wachberg near Grün (Czech: Doubrava u Aše ) and the Wartberg near Längenau in Selbergericht .
Another name explanation comes from Rudolf Pellar. He connects him with Schelter . Schelter were the caretakers of stately flocks of sheep. The name of the Schelter, i.e. the shepherd, has been preserved in one of the eight Schelterhöfe Schönlind to this day.
Villages in the area
Of the villages on the Schilderberg, only Schönlind and Neuhausen still exist on the German side. The villages of Mähring (Czech: Újezd ) and Schildern (Czech: Štítary ) with Schilderberg and Ängerlein on the Czech side were razed to the ground during the Cold War following the expulsion of the German and northern Bavarian population . Only the clearing islands and sometimes groups of trees that point to former farmsteads remind of them, in Mähring also the rebuilt war memorial and the memorial site on the former cemetery. This list also includes the Schönbach bordering on Asch , which still exists under the name Krásná .
The villages and places around the Schilderberg all belonged to the Baierischen Nordgau in the old days.
history
In the Middle Ages, the villages were parish according to signs , where, according to research by Schilderner's teacher Karl Pellar, there was a little church dedicated to St. Michael. That is why the villages of Schildern , Mähring , Neuhausen , Schönlind and Reichenbach (up to the brook), which were part of the parish church at the time, always celebrated their church fair together on the Sunday after Michaelmas. Signs of hallway names such as: Kirch Aeckerl, Kirchplatz and Kirchwiese underpin Pellar's assumptions. After this little church was destroyed in the Hussite period and not rebuilt, the parishes named after Asch took place.
Groves
The forests of the Schilderberg have an important function in terms of nature and species protection .
With the Pfaffenwald (Czech Smrkovec), the forest areas of the Schilderberg, as a direct continuation of the large forest areas of the Rehau Forest, represent the only continuous connections of the huge Central European forest band that begins in the Austrian Mühlviertel , via the Bohemian Forest (Bavarian Forest), the Upper Palatinate Forest , the forests the Naab-Wondreb-Senke and the Fichtelgebirge reach up to here and coming from the east from the Carpathians , over the Sudetengebirge and the Ore Mountains as well as the Elster Mountains to the Ascher / Rehau area.
This forest bridge is the only connection that can be used by wild animals in all seasons between the forest areas coming from the south and those coming from the east. Therefore, in 2009/10, one of the first wilderness bridges in Bavaria was built between the Rehau district of Eulenhammer and Sophienreuth Castle 93 built. Mapping of deer and lynx has shown the importance of this link.
Interesting in this context is a finding that came to light through research on the autochthonous capercaillie population of the Fichtelgebirge : Investigations at the Technical University of Munich in Weihenstephan revealed that a further 12 very different animal species from the Fichtelgebirge have a broader genetic basis than those of the neighboring ones Central mountain ranges or the Alps . This is explained by the knot function of the Fichtelgebirge and the associated gene exchange over these mountainous crossroads, which has been around for thousands of years. It illustrates the importance of maintaining and functioning these old connecting routes.
After the border falls, the Schilderberg can again be the destination of hikes from all around it and thus a bridge not only for wild animals, but also for people.
literature
- Benno Tins: The self-willed history in the Aschen Ländchen, 1917 , publisher: Heimatverband des Kreises Asch eV, seat of Rehau
- Joh. Richard Rogler: The place and field names of the Ascher Berkreis , Verlag Ascher Dundbrief 1955 Munich, Feldmoching