Colorful neck hummingbird
| Colorful neck hummingbird | ||||||||||
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Schistes geoffroyi painted by John Gould |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||
| Schistes | ||||||||||
| Gould , 1851 | ||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||
| Schistes geoffroyi | ||||||||||
| ( Bourcier , 1843) |
The colorful neck hummingbird or wedge- billed hummingbird ( Schistes geoffroyi ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a range that includes the South American countries Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia . The IUCN does not consider the population to be endangered.
features
The colorful neck hummingbird reaches a body length of about 8 to 9 centimeters. The relatively short beak is up to 15 millimeters long. In males, the top and the apex are bright green. The back part of the back and the upper tail coverts are copper colored. There is a white spot behind the eye. The throat is also bright green. There are blue and magenta-purple spots on the side of the chest, including a small white spot. The ear covers are blackish. The lower abdomen is bronze green. The rounded tail, also bronze-green, turns blue towards the rear and has clear black-blue stripes with white borders at the end. The female is very similar. What is different is the white throat, which is dotted with strong green speckles. The breast side spots, which are differently colored in the male, are predominantly blue in the female.
distribution and habitat
This hummingbird occurs in the higher altitudes of the tropical and subtropical zones at altitudes between 800 and 2300 meters. It can be found both on the eastern and western slopes of the Andes . It prefers to live in moist to wet mountain forests, especially cloud forests covered in moss. It is seldom seen at the edges of the forest. The animals move mainly in the thicket of the forest close to the ground and in shady ravines.
Way of life
The species sucks nectar from flowers.
Subspecies
So far 3 subspecies are known, which mainly differ in their color.
- S. g. geoffroyi ( Bourcier , 1843); Nominate form, already described above. North of Venezuela Perijá Zulia National Park , Andes of the states of Táchira and Lara , but also in the coastal mountains of Yaracuy , Carabobo and Aragua . In Colombia on the western slopes of the East to Magdalena . Probably in the east of Nariño . The subspecies is also found on the eastern slopes of Ecuador in Mindo and in the southwest of the Cañar province as well as in the east of Peru.
- S. g. albogularis Gould , 1851; Part glitters green. The copper color on the back and upper tail covers is missing. The breast is predominantly white and has far fewer green spots. The female has a white breast and small white tufts on the side. The sides of the chest are mainly blue rather than purple. Western Colombia on the western slopes of the western and central Andes. Western Nariño. In Ecuador in northern Imbabura via Carchi to Colombia.
- S. g. chapmani Berlioz , 1941; White spot on the side as in the nominate form is missing. In Peru in the southern part of the regions of Cusco and Puno . In central Bolivia in the department of Cochabamba .
Alternative names
In 1963 Augusto Ruschi presented a work called Notes on Trochilidae: the genus Augastes at the XIII International Ornitholical Congress . In this work he placed the genus Schistes in the genus Augastes , the colorful neck hummingbird got the scientific name Augastes geoffroyi . This classification was ignored for a long time until Karl-Ludwig Schuchmann adopted it in the Handbook of the Birds of the World in 1999 . Ruschi justifies the union of the two genera with morphological similarities. The South American Classification Committee contradicts this view, if only because the two genera have very different bills.
Etymology and history of research
Jules Bourcier described the colorful neck hummingbird under the name Trochilus Geoffroyi . Only later was the species assigned to the genus Schistes . Gould had the new genus when describing the subspecies S. g. albogularis Gould , introduced in 1851. This word derives from the Greek word "skhizō σχίζω " for "split share from." The species name is dedicated to Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805-1861). "Albogularis" is a Latin word combination of "albus" for "white" and "-gularis, gula" for "-throaty, throat". Jacques Berlioz honors ornithologist Frank Michler Chapman (1864-1945) with »chapmani« .
literature
- Thomas Schulenberg , Douglas F. Stotz , Daniel F. Lane: Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-04915-1 , 230.
- Robert S. Ridgely , Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Volume 1, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0 , p. 384.
- Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide , Vol. 2, Cornell University Press, 2001, pp. 289ff, ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7
- Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, William H. Phelps , Guy Tudor: A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 1992, p. 154 ISBN 978-0691082059
- Steven L. Hilty , William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, 1986, p. 296, ISBN 978-0691083728 .
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Jules Bourcier: Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 6 , 1843, pp. 99-104 ( online [accessed May 27, 2014]).
- John Gould in William Jardine, 7th Baronet of Applegarth: Description of three new species of Humming-Birds . In: Contributions to Ornithology . Samuel Highley, London 1851, p. 139–140 ( online [accessed May 27, 2014]).
- Jacques Berlioz: Notes critique sur une sous-espèce de Trochilidé: Schistes a. bolivianus Simon . In: L'Oiseau et la Revue Francaise d'Ornithologie (= 2 ). tape 11 , 1941, pp. 233-236 .
Web links
- Schistes geoffroyi inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Wedge-billed Hummingbird ( Schistes geoffroyi ) . Retrieved May 27, 2014.
- Videos, photos, and sound recordings of Wedge-billed Hummingbird (Augastes geoffroyi) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Colorful neck hummingbird ( Schistes geoffroyi ) at Avibase; accessed on May 27, 2014.
- Schistes geoffroyi in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved May 27, 2014.
- xeno-canto: Sound recordings - Wedge-billed Hummingbird ( Schistes geoffroyi )
- Wildlife Focus Hummingbird Guide wildlifefocus.org Pictures and brief explanation