Breill Castle

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Breill Castle

The Breill Castle , also Good Breill called, is located south of the national road 221 in the field district between the North Rhine-Westphalian cities Geilenkirchen and Übach-Palenberg in the field of Geilenkirchener district Hünshoven . The castle complex emerged from a medieval moth that was found in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was replaced by a mansion in the 19th century . This was expanded and modified between the 17th and 19th centuries before it was completely destroyed in World War II. After the war, partly rebuilt, the system is as since January 10, 1983 monument under monument protection . It cannot be visited.

history

Breill was mentioned for the first time in 1118, but it was not until 1287 that Johann von Breill (also written Breiloo, Breiloe and Breloe) appeared, a family named after this place. In the 12th century, the complex consisted of a von Motte core castle of what was probably a two-part complex, which was built at the latest in the early 12th century. in the 14./15. In the 17th century, Breill was a Heinsberg fiefdom , later it was under the feudal rule of the Geilenkirchen man chamber . In the 15th century the property came to the von Mo (e) lenbach family, known as von Breyle. When the property was divided in 1508, the property came to Gerhard von Breiloe, whose daughter Adelheid married Reinhard von Goltstein in 1512 and brought Breill to her husband's family after her father's death in 1517.

Manor house of the castle around 1915

This was raised to the rank of count in 1694 and remained the owner until the 19th century. She left the plant, its location in the 15./16. Century 50 meters to the southwest had been relocated, constantly changing and enlarging through additions, extensions and renovations. In 1728, for example, a large farmyard was built in the east of the previous palace, and around 1754 the electoral governor Johann Ludwig Franz von Goltstein-Breill had the manor house redesigned according to designs by the Aachen builder Johann Joseph Couven . The previously existing double moat disappeared and a spacious park was created.

With Count Arthur von Goltstein-Breill, the owner family died out in the male line in 1882, and Breill Castle was inherited by Arthur's grandson, Baron Amadeus von Failly-Goltstein. During the Second World War, the manor house of the castle was completely destroyed in 1944/1945. The last member of the Failly-Goltstein family adopted Stephanie Freiin von und zu Eltz-Rübenach after 1945 , who married Paulus Lothar Hubertus Graf von und zu Hoensbroech . The lords of the castle only had the south wing of the castle rebuilt in 1950/1951. The current owner of the castle is Michael Caspar Graf von und zu Hoensbroech, who in 2000 had a new building built on the foundations of the former manor house that have been preserved.

description

Until World War II

Breill Castle, lithograph around 1873/74

The core of the palace complex was a manor house from the 16th and 17th centuries. The brick building had a hipped roof with two rows of dormers and had square towers with light-colored corner blocks at its western corners, which had been equipped with mansard roofs since the 18th century . Its two storeys rose on a high basement . The building stood on the west side of a castle courtyard, which was surrounded on the other sides by commercial and other residential buildings. On the courtyard side, the mansion had six axes and two arched doors that led to a vestibule from around 1850. The other rooms on the ground floor and the staircase with the two-flight staircase had already received their classicist appearance around 1800. In the kitchen there was an iron stove beam with the coat of arms of the Goltstein family and the year 1751. In the south-west tower there was a fireplace in the style of the late renaissance with the year 1610. Its cheeks were shaped like herms .

The other buildings around the castle courtyard included simple stable and barn buildings and a two-story brick building with a block frieze that dates back to the 16th century. A square corner tower with three storeys and a low hipped roof also belonged to the northeast corner of the courtyard. Only a ruin remains of him. A gate building with a gable roof used to be attached to it to the west.

In the 19th century, to the west and southwest of the manor house, there was a small landscaped garden with walking paths and a garden shed that was built around 1800. It had a porch supported by Doric columns .

Current condition

New building on the foundations of the destroyed mansion

Breill Castle is now a two-part complex, consisting of a castle courtyard with a partially rebuilt manor house and an agricultural yard to the northeast. The main structure dates from the 16th to 18th centuries, some of which were changed in the 19th century. The former moats no longer exist. Access to the facility is from the west via the 350-meter-long Breiller Allee, which ends at a brick gatehouse .

The mansion and an adjacent building in the south were completely destroyed in the Second World War. After the end of the war, only the south wing was rebuilt. This is a rectangular building in the late baroque style with 3 × 3 axes. and a slate mansard roof. Its blue stone parts form a contrast to the red paintwork of the rest of the masonry . The building was either built around the middle of the 18th century based on designs by Johann Joseph Couven or only around 1850 using older components from the manor house. The bluestone door frame comes from the Rococo period and was transferred from the main building at that time to this wing. Above the entrance it shows the alliance coat of arms of the von Goltstein and von Quadt families as well as the year 1754. At the site of the former manor house, a new building from the year 2000 stands on its preserved foundations with cellar vaults . Its simple design is reminiscent of the appearance of the destroyed one Predecessor building ajar.

Hardly anything of the other buildings in the former courtyard has survived today. Only one remise from the first half of the 18th century is still standing. The simple brick building has arched gates and is closed off by a pan- roofed gable roof.

West side of the farm yard

The four-wing, closed farmyard of the castle dates from 1728, as evidenced by a year on the gate on the west side. The rusticated gate has a keystone in the arched archway that shows the double coat of arms Goltstein / Schaesberg and the year of construction. Above it is a flat triangular gable . The remaining farm buildings are simple wings made of brick, which apparently were changed in the 19th century and pitted in 1979 .

To the north of the palace building is a formal garden that is enclosed by a wall. It probably comes from the same time as the farmyard. At its northeast corner is a two-storey tower with a tent roof from the 18th century. Its upper floor was used as a garden shed. To the northeast of the farm yard is a pond measuring around 80 × 50 meters. The predecessor of today's castle stood on the island in its center in the 12th century. It is almost square and measures 20 × 20 meters. On a plateau about 12 × 12 meters in size, in the area of ​​which there are still 0.8-meter-thick wall remains. On the so-called tranchot map from the first quarter of the 19th century, the walls of the old castle are still visible and surrounded by a moat.

literature

  • Harald Herzog: Rhenish palace buildings in the 19th century. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1981, ISBN 3-7927-0585-0 , p. 61.
  • Marco Kieser: The monuments in the Heinsberg district. Geilenkirchen city area. In: Heimatkalender Heinsberg 2006. Publisher, place year, ISBN, pp. 59–60.
  • Hans Kisky: Castles and manors in the Rhineland. Based on old engravings and templates (= castles, palaces, mansions. Volume 15). Weidlich, Frankfurt a. M. 1960, pp. 31-32.
  • Edmund Renard : The art monuments of the districts of Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen (= The art monuments of the Rhine province . Volume 8, Section 2). L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1904, pp. 131-136.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Breill  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b c Description of the monument authority on limburg-bernd.de , accessed on March 25, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Entry by Markus Westphal and Jens Friedhoff on Breill Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  3. ^ E. Renard: The art monuments of the districts Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen. 1904, p. 132.
  4. ↑ Alexander Duncker (ed.): The rural residences, castles and residences of the knightly landowners in the Prussian monarchy: in addition to the royal family, house fideicommiss casket goods in lifelike, artistically executed, colored representations; along with accompanying text. Volume 13. Duncker, Berlin 1873–1874 ( PDF ; 570 kB)
  5. ^ A b E. Renard: The art monuments of the districts of Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen. 1904, p. 133.
  6. ^ Hanns Ott: Rhenish water castles. History, forms, functions. Weidlich, Würzburg 1984, ISBN 3-8035-1239-5 , p. 275.
  7. ↑ a b Georg Schmitz: Breill Castle: Strength and energy for a new beginning. In: Aachener Zeitung . Edition of September 24, 2013 ( online ).
  8. ^ H. Kisky: Palaces and manors in the Rhineland. Based on old engravings and templates. 1960, p. 32.
  9. ↑ a b c d E. Renard: The art monuments of the districts of Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen. 1904, p. 134.
  10. ^ E. Renard: The art monuments of the districts Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen. 1904, pp. 133-134.
  11. ↑ a b c d E. Renard: The art monuments of the districts of Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen. 1904, p. 135.
  12. ^ H. Herzog: Rheinische Schlossbauten in the 19th century. 1981, p. 61.
  13. ↑ The monument list of the city of Geilenkirchen shows the building as a work of Couven, while Edmund Renard and Harald Herzog date the building to around 1850.

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 '54.2 "  N , 6 ° 8' 9.3"  E