Hornberg Castle (Black Forest)
| Hornberg Castle | ||
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 Castle tower of the Hornberg Castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | Neu-Hornberg Castle | |
| Creation time : | before 1200 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, summit location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Free nobles | |
| Place: | Hornberg | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 12 '41 " N , 8 ° 13' 41" E | |
| Height: | 455 m above sea level NN | |
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The term Schloss Hornberg (also Castle New Hornberg ) describes the since about 1200 on the castle hill of the city Hornberg incurred castle - and castle building, of which only today dungeon and the Powder Tower and wall remains are left. The castle is located in the Ortenau district in Baden-Württemberg .
Geographical location
The ruin is about 100 meters above the old town of Hornberg at a height of 455 meters on a flat mountain ledge between Gutachtal and Offenbachtal. The area has an extension of about 150 meters from southeast to northwest. The castle was protected on three sides by steep cliffs and offered a good view and thus control over the valleys of Gutach, Reichenbach / Schwanenbach and Offenbach.
history
Residence of the Barons von Hornberg
First the main service yard of the Barons von Hornberg was built at the foot of the castle hill. Granite blocks from the oldest building of the castle were found on the castle rock, which were joined together without binding agents , from which a construction period in the first half of the 12th century is derived. It is also assumed that a tower ( bergfried ) was built before the division into the lordships of Hornberg and Triberg , which served to control the increasingly important trade route in Gutach Valley. The first building of Hornberg Castle was built around 100 years after Althornberg Castle - around 1200 - by the Lords of Hornberg. The remains of the first castle were removed towards the end of the 19th century, so that no more detailed information is possible.
Also to control the trade routes, the Lords of Hornberg had built a habitable tower (escort tower) at the confluence of the Tiefenbach valley with the Schwanenbach valley, which at the same time also covered the access to Althornberg Castle and was thus a forward defense structure. Apart from the remains of a wall, no traces of Tiefenbach Castle have remained. A second escort tower was built at the northern end of the rule on the Turmerberg, where the trade route could be controlled. Remnants of the wall have also survived from this tower, Gutach Castle .
The engraving published by Merian in 1643 shows the picture of the castle hill around 1600 - in any case the state before the Thirty Years War . Next to the keep is a newer, larger castle (also known as the “front lock”) that was built onto the keep. There is also a smaller, older castle (also known as the “rear castle”). The two castles were also inhabited by different lineages of the sex.
Württemberg administrative seat and garrison
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In 1423, Bruno Werner von Hornberg sold his share of the castle and rulership to the Counts of Württemberg , who immediately quartered their Vogt, while Bruno Werner was allowed to live at Schiltach Castle until the purchase price was paid . In 1443 the Wuerttemberg residents were able to buy the rest from Konrad von Hornberg and thus take full possession of Hornberg.
Württemberg wanted to improve the water supply as well as the residential and economic area of its administrative headquarters. In 1554 the well room and the water pipes were built. In 1564 a new residential building was built on the northeast side of the keep and the old one on the southeast side demolished. In 1621 the powder tower was built east of the keep .
In 1633/34 Konrad Widerholt was - before he became the commander of the Hohentwiel fortress and held it despite five sieges - the commandant of the Hornburg. While the neighboring Althornberg Castle was occupied by the French and Swedes during the Thirty Years' War and ultimately burned, the Hornburg was not captured.
During the Palatinate War of Succession , French troops under Lieutenant General Noël Bouton de Chamilly burned the castle on January 9, 1689.
A report on the state of the defense lines in the Black Forest from 1710 only mentions the keep and the remains of the wall on the Hornberger Schlossberg, which, combined with a fence and earth walls, formed a makeshift part of the defense line.
Hornberg became a garrison town of the Swabian district and needed accommodation for troops and officers. In 1736 a commanders' building was built below the keep, followed by barracks in 1739. These buildings are also known as the baroque palace . The commandant's building was renovated again before Augusta Elisabetha Maria von Thurn und Taxis moved into quarters. Due to structural damage, part of the barracks was demolished as early as 1800. The rest was used as a tobacco factory from 1802.
Transition to bathing and new uses
On October 2, 1810, the Kingdom of Württemberg and the Grand Duchy of Baden signed a border treaty, as a result of which Württemberg areas in the central Black Forest ( Hornberg , Schiltach , Gutach ) and the former Landgraviate of Nellenburg were ceded to Baden.
The part of the old barracks initially used by the tobacco factory was finally demolished in 1823. In 1841 a brewery acquired the castle and built the brewery in the garden and the malthouse in the powder tower. In 1896 the brewery was demolished and a hotel was built.
In 1936 the NSDAP opened the "Gauschule Schloss Hornberg" ( Gauführerschule ), which existed until 1939, for basic ideological training and political education for officials from the Reich Association of German Officials .
In 1976 the old commanders' building was also demolished.
Today the 17 meter high keep is accessible as a lookout tower . From its platform it offers a good view of Hornberg and the Gutach valley.
Prominent castle residents
Home for the minstrel
The minstrel Bruno von Hornberg is said to have lived in the castle between 1275 and 1310. The Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift C contains songs by Bruno. It is therefore believed that he was a scholar and artist and that festivities with minnesong and the singing of knight tales were also held at his castle. In 1276 he met King Rudolf von Habsburg in Basel . Bruno founded a Hornberg branch line that had a black one in the coat of arms instead of the green Dreiberges .
In 1280 he donated the hospital chapel for the Tennenbach monastery , which is still visible today as the only remnant of the whole monastery.
But grief and pain
I never think I can see before,
Until I see a woman,
That delights the heart.
If there be grace from good women
or heartache,
wish upon his honor:
That their favor may turn me
soon to the delight of all woes!
Retouched by Richard Zoozmann (1863–1934)
Refuge for the reformer
In 1523, the theologian Johannes Brenz , who had been active since 1522, initiated the transition to the Reformation in the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall , which was concluded with the church ordinance of 1543. After his victory in the Schmalkaldic War , Emperor Charles V had theologians work out the Augsburg Interim in 1548 , which was supposed to bring the warring denominations back together.
The imperial councilor Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle was entrusted with the enforcement of the Augsburg Interim and wanted a positive opinion from Brenz, who was influential in Protestant circles. When he brusquely refused, Granvelle carried out his arrest, which Brenz escaped by fleeing Schwäbisch Hall.
He found asylum with Duke Ulrich of Württemberg and initially found shelter at Wittlingen Castle near Urach. His escape continued via Strasbourg to Basel. When his wife, who remained in Schwäbisch Hall, died, Brenz went to Stuttgart to look after his children who had been brought there. However, an imperial search party also penetrated Stuttgart, whereupon Brenz was sent by the Duke to Hornberg in 1548 because he could not protect Brenz against the emperor's power. As Obervogt Huldericus Encaustinus (= Huldrich Engster), Brenz worked incognito at Hornberg Castle until autumn 1550.
Prison for the princess
From 1780–1787 the palace served as a prison for Princess Augusta Elisabetha Maria von Thurn und Taxis, born Princess of Württemberg (1734–1787), the daughter of Marie-Auguste von Thurn und Taxis and Duke Karl Alexander von Württemberg .
Auguste Elisabeth was married to her cousin, Prince Karl Anselm von Thurn und Taxis , on September 3, 1753 in Stuttgart . She and Karl Anselm had eight children by 1772. After several attempts to murder her husband, Karl Anselm banished her in January 1776 under strict house arrest to Trugenhofen Castle near Dischingen (later renamed Taxis Castle ) and then, in consultation with her brother, Duke Karl Eugen von Württemberg , to Hornberg Castle in the Black Forest, where she died of a stroke on June 4, 1787. She was buried in the Catholic section of the Württemberg princely crypt in the Ludwigsburg palace chapel. The gardens, which can still be seen on the floor plan from 1800, were laid out during the Princess' stay.
Karl Anselm married his first wife on August 8, 1787 shortly after the death morganatic marriage Karoline Elisabeth Hillebrand, his former mistress, with whom he already had a child.
literature
- Franz Xaver Kraus (editor), edited by Franz Xaver Kraus: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Großherzogthums Baden , Freiburg 1890, Volume II - Kreis Villingen; P. 56–60 ( digitized version of Heidelberg University Library ).
- Konrad Heck: From the Althornburg and the barons of Hornberg, the founders of Hornberg and Triberg . In: Die Ortenau : Journal of the Historical Association for Middle Baden, 12th issue, 1925, pp. 1–18 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
- Edith Reiss-Vasek: Hornberg Castle . In: Die Ortenau: Journal of the Historical Association for Central Baden, Issue 21: Castles and Palaces of Central Baden. 1934, pp. 449-462 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
- Karlleopold Hitzfeld : The castles to Hornberg - at the same time the development of the Hornberg townscape according to the statements of the pictorial views . In: Die Ortenau: Journal of the Historical Association for Central Baden, 45th Annual Volume 1965, pp. 189–222 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
- Karlleopold Hitzfeld: The castles at Hornberg . In: Die Ortenau: Journal of the Historical Association for Middle Baden, 50th annual volume 1970, pp. 373–402 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
- Ansgar Barth: The Hornberg Castle . In: Castles and palaces in Central Baden / Historical Association for Central Baden. Ed .: Hugo Schneider, Offenburg 1984, pp. 425–433 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
- Johann Wilhelm von Camerer: Johannes Brenz the Württemberg reformer , Stuttgart 1840, pp. 23–45 ( digitized version of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ).
- Ernst Boesser: On the history of the Black Forest lines . In: Alemannia , NF 5th volume, Freiburg 1904, pp. 223-240 and 292-298.
- Arthur Hauptmann: Castles then and now - castles and castle ruins in southern Baden and neighboring areas . 1st edition, Verlag des Südkurier, Konstanz 1984, ISBN 3-87799-040-1 , pp. 105-108.
Web links
- Entry on Hornberg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Hornberg - Altgemeinde ~ suburb on leo-bw.de
- The old castle at Hornberg, Le vieux château près de Hornberg on leo-bw.de
- Hornberg Castle (Black Forest) on alemannische-seiten.de
- Hornberg castle ruins on burgenreich.de
- Hornberg Castle on burgenarchiv.de
- Hornberg Castle at burg-ruinen.de
- Recitations of two love songs by Bruno von Hornberg on deutsche-liebeslyrik.de
Individual references / comments
- ↑ s. Hitzfeld 1965, p. 199.
- ↑ s. Barth p. 426.
- ↑ s. Hitzfeld p. 377.
- ↑ s. Reissing Vasek p. 449.
- ↑ s. Hitzfeld 1970, p. 386.
- ↑ Ernst Boesser: On the history of the Black Forest lines. In: Alemannia, NF 5th volume, Freiburg 1904, p. 239 ( digitized on Wikimedia Commons ).
- ↑ s. Barth p. 431.
- ↑ Grand Ducal Baden Government Gazette . Karlsruhe, 1810. State contract with the Crown Wuerttemberg, country assignments concerning : S. 341. urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10510056-6 , image 319th
- ↑ The Kinzigtäler of July 24, 1936; Hess, Adolf: “Hornberg Castle” becomes a National Socialist Gau school. In: Official news sheet Hausach. Expert. Hornberg 13 (2015), No. 34, page 28.
- ^ Entry on Hornberg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- ↑ Hornberg, Bruno; from on leo-bw.de.
- ↑ s. Hitzfeld 1970, p.
- ↑ s. Barth p. 428.
- ↑ Wittlingen - Altgemeinde ~ sub-town on leo-bw.de.
- ↑ s. Camerer.
- ^ Eva Gesine Baur : Emanuel Schikaneder. Der Mann für Mozart , Munich 2012, pp. 153–154, CH Beck, ISBN 978-3-406-63086-6 .
- ↑ Auguste of Württemberg on worldhistory.de.
- ↑ s. Barth p. 432.
