Schlossberg (Freiburg im Breisgau)
| Schlossberg | ||
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_jm54208.jpg) The Schlossberg from the Loretto Chapel |
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| height | 456.1 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Mountains | Black Forest | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 59 '39 " N , 7 ° 51' 34" E | |
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The Schlossberg is a 456.1 meters above sea level, now mostly forested mountain in the urban area of Freiburg im Breisgau , immediately east of Freiburg's old town . On the western edge of the Schlossberg, which belongs to the Black Forest , the main geological fault runs to the Upper Rhine Graben .
Investments
From the Schlossberg tower you have a panoramic view of all parts of the city and its surroundings. There is also a good view from the Burghaldenring , which circles the Schlossberg halfway up, especially from the Kanonenplatz directly above the historic old town. The Burghaldenring can be reached on foot or by vehicle, and since July 2008 also with the new Schlossbergbahn , an inclined elevator that was built to replace the old Schlossbergseilbahn . In the middle of the Schlossbergring, the Schlossbergsteg connects the Schlossberg with the city center as a pedestrian bridge and as a parking garage entrance and exit. Numerous concrete reliefs by the artist Emil Wachter on Freiburg's history can be found on the footbridge, which was awarded a prize in the Engineering Structures in Road Space Competition in 1990 . Further accesses to the Schlossberg are the Schwabentorsteg, a wooden footbridge for pedestrians at the level of the Schwabentor , and the Hermannsteg north of Hermannstrasse.
In the Schlossberg there is an elevated tank built between 1874 and 1876 for the Freiburg water supply, as well as a bunker system for around 6,000 people from the 20th century, the main entrance of which is on the west side of the mountain. During the bombing raid on November 27, 1944 , only a few people went to the shelter because most of the residents assumed one of the frequent false alarms. Until 2014, the city used the bunker as a civil defense system for a long time . Also in the Schlossberg there is another gallery in the Hirzberg area, which is currently used for mushroom cultivation.
On a rock above the Burghaldenring is the Bismarck tower made of red sandstone, which was built according to plans by Oskar Geiges and inaugurated in 1900.
history
The Schlossberg takes its name from the " Castrum de Friburch ", a hilltop castle that the Zähringer Duke Berthold II had built there around 1091.
In the following centuries, the history of the Schlossberg is essentially a history of the palaces, castles and fortifications built there . The last fortified structures built by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban under French occupation (1677–1679) were blown up by the French so thoroughly before their final withdrawal in 1744/45 that only a cone of rubble and the neck moat are left of the former castle complex .
On the overgrown rubble of a lower protrusion of the Schlossberg, the Austrian government president Hermann von Greiffenegg had a residence built in 1805. This building, called Greiffeneggschlössle by the population, is now a restaurant with a chestnut beer garden . A few hundred meters further north, the Dattler wine bar opened in 1882, to which the Schlossbergbahn cable car runs today.
Large-scale viticulture was practiced on the southern slope until around 1900; From then on, the Schlossberg was largely laid out as a park forest under Mayor Winterer and provided with walking paths. In the forest, the sandstone walls and staircases of the former vine terraces can still be seen.
For a number of years, a board of trustees has been trying to make the historical past of Freiburg's Schlossberg recognizable. For this purpose, remnants of the overgrown old fortifications are carefully exposed so that they are accessible to interested visitors. The Schlossberg tower on the “Salzbüchsle”, built in 2002, was also initiated by the Board of Trustees. In 2006 a staircase with 251 individual steps and 13 intermediate landings was inaugurated from the small cannon square to the Salzbüchsle.
There are various playgrounds on the Schlossberg; In addition, there was a mini golf course at the inclined elevator from 1969 to 2018 .
In July and August the Schlossbergfest takes place over several days with many music groups and gastronomic offers. After various interruptions, it took place for the 35th time in 2018. In 2019 it was canceled due to further requirements of the city.
In spring 2020, rock protection work had to be carried out north of the cannon area.
Viticulture
On the steep south side of the mountain towards the Oberau district , there are still vineyards today that extend to the edge of the old town and are managed by three wineries, including the Freiburg State Winery and the Freiburg Foundation Winery . These vineyards existed before the city of Freiburg was founded. The Freiburg Schlossberg vineyard is one of the 100 best vineyards in Germany. The optimal solar radiation on the steep slopes in pure southern exposure gives along with the cool evening fall wind from the Black Forest, the Hoellental , and gneiss -Verwitterungsböden optimum conditions for excellent wines, some of which as Great Growth classified.
natural reserve
The Schlossberg has been a landscape protection area since 1954 . Protective purposes include the preservation of the great mouse-eared mouse , smooth snake , wall lizard and the open land . At the beginning of the 20th century, the Schlossberg was a well-known and popular travel destination for entomologists throughout Germany . Among other things, the praying mantis could be found here. In the past decades, historical forms of use have been given up, which has led to the expansion of the forest. Together with the intensification of vine cultivation, eutrophication through nitrogen input and maintenance work ( mulching ) that was not always adapted , this led to the loss of many valuable open land species. Wall lizards and smooth snakes, but also the great mouse-eared snake, are still present today. In some parts of the forest, very rare, highly endangered species of beetle (e.g. mutable paw beetle ) can also be found. The woodpecker wildlife is spotted woodpecker , middle spotted woodpecker , black woodpecker , gray woodpecker and green woodpecker represented quite numerous.
In the 18th century the Schlossberg was almost free of forests, today it is only 10 out of 80 hectares. So that it does not overgrow, sheep have been used for grazing since 2019. With 15 Skudden initially, biodiversity is also to be increased. Another 15 are to follow.
The "Forest, Pasture and Garden" project on the western slope of the Schlossberg was honored as part of the UN Decade of Biological Diversity . Here students from the University of Freiburg lead a herd of endangered farm animals and maintain a garden with rare cultivars on a property owned by Caritas .
literature
- Heinrich Schreiber : The Schloßberg near Freiburg. Historical painting. With a siege plan for the city of Freiburg from 1744 and a perspective view of the lower castle at that time. Wangler, Freiburg im Breisgau 1844 (digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library, 2012, urn : nbn: de: bsz: 16-diglit-118732 ).
- Josef Diel: The Freiburg Castle Hill. The late medieval city of Freiburg and the Burghaldenschloß on the Schloßberg. The bastion of the Burghalde under Emperor Leopold. The castle and town are fortified by the imperial court architect Gumpp. The expansion secures the core city and sacrifices the suburbs in the west and north. In: Badische Heimat 78 (1998), No. 4, pp. 468-475.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ City of Freiburg: Thousands of high explosive and incendiary bombs devastated the city on November 27, 1944. In: Official Journal ( Memento of October 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), November 29, 2004, accessed June 30, 2012.
- ↑ The civil defense bunker under the Schossberg. ( Memento of July 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) In: Chilli (Magazin), December 2006 / January 2007 (PDF; 715 kB), accessed June 1, 2010; Schlossbergstollen: 5000 places in Freiburg's largest public. Shelter. In: Freiburg-Schwarzwald.de , accessed June 1, 2010.
- ↑ Hans Sigmund: The Schlossberg has an eventful history, but was there also a waterfall? Badische Zeitung, April 18, 2017, accessed on June 12, 2019 .
- ^ Project: Bastion terraces on the upper Schlossberg. In: Kuratorium-Schlossberg.de .
- ↑ Stairs to the Schlossberg tower. Kuratorium Freiburger Schlossberg eV, accessed on March 12, 2013 .
- ↑ Jens Kitzler: No more mini golf on the Schlossberg. Badische Zeitung, January 14, 2020, accessed on January 14, 2020 .
- ↑ Joachim Röderer: The Freiburg Schlossbergfest has been canceled for 2019. Badische Zeitung, May 8, 2019, accessed on May 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Joachim Röderer: The Freiburg Schlossbergfest has been canceled for 2019. Badische Zeitung, May 8, 2019, accessed on June 12, 2019 .
- ↑ Rock protection on the Schlossberg - www.freiburg.de - Town Hall and Service / Press / Press Releases. Retrieved March 14, 2020 .
- ^ Association of German Prädikatsweingüter - Freiburg Castle Hill
- ↑ Nicolas Schoof, Lisa Gollent, Anna-Lisa Schneider, Uwe-Eduard Schmidt, Albert Reif: The Schlossberg in Freiburg i. Br. - a nature conservation inventory of his open land. 2017, accessed April 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Simone Höhl: How a flock of sheep on Freiburg's Schlossberg should strengthen biodiversity. Badische Zeitung, June 11, 2019, accessed on June 12, 2019 .
- ↑ UN Decade of Biological Diversity | Forest, pasture and garden for biodiversity. Retrieved July 27, 2020 .