Schlossberg (Hambach)
| Schlossberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Schlossberg with Hambach Castle |
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| height | 379.2 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | near Hambach (town of Neustadt an der Weinstrasse ); Rhineland-Palatinate ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Haardt ; Palatinate Forest | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 19 '29 " N , 8 ° 7' 5" E | |
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| Type | Fracture stage; Part of the western edge of the Upper Rhine Rift | |
| rock | Buntsandstein and Zechstein rock units | |
| Age of the rock | Buntsandstein 251–243 million years, Zechstein 256–251 million years |
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| Normal way | District roads 9 (up) and 14 (down) behind each other as a one-way street | |
| particularities | Hambach Castle | |
The Schlossberg is a 379.2 m high mountain in the Haardt , the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest . It is located in the Hambach district of the independent city of Neustadt on the Weinstrasse in Rhineland-Palatinate . Hambach Castle stands on its top . It has been a symbol of freedom and democracy since the Hambach Festival of 1832, which, like the castle, is named after the former village.
geography
Location and surroundings
The Schlossberg rises in the Palatinate Forest Nature Park and in the Palatinate Forest-Vosges du Nord Biosphere Reserve . It is part of the western fracture level of the Upper Rhine Rift . The mountain lies within the forest area of Neustadt in the former community forest of the Hambach district. Its summit is about 500 m southwest of the outskirts of Hambach and 300 m northwest of that of the further district of Diedesfeld .
Clockwise, the Schlossberg is surrounded by the following mountains and elevations: in the southwest the Sommerberg ( 501.9 m ) and in the northwest the Rittersberg ( 531.8 m ), both of which belong to the Hohen Loog massif ( 618.7 m ), and in the northeast the Heidelberg ( 313.4 m ), which, like the Schlossberg, is part of the Upper Rhine Rift valley.
Waters
At the foot of the Schlossberg rises in the southwest at an altitude of 266 m the 14.2 km long Hörstengraben , which is also called Schlittgraben in the source area , and in the north at 249 m the Pfuhlwiesengraben (3.1 km). Both waters belong to the catchment area of the Speyerbach , a left tributary of the Rhine .
Natural allocation
The Schlossberg is part of the Palatinate Forest natural area, which is classified as a third-order Greater Region in the systematics of the handbook on the natural structure of Germany published by Emil Meynen and Josef Schmithüsen and its subsequent publications . According to the internal structure of the natural area , it belongs to the Middle Palatinate Forest and the Haardt mountain range, which separates the Palatinate Forest to the east from the Upper Rhine Plain .
In the hierarchy of natural spaces, the Schlossberg is thus in the following nesting:
- Greater region 1st order: Layer level land on both sides of the Upper Rhine Rift
- Greater region 2nd order: Palatinate-Saarland layer level land
- Greater region 3rd order: Palatinate Forest
- 4th order region (main unit): Middle Palatinate Forest
- 5th order region: Haardt
To the east, the landscape of the Schlossberg falls into the natural area Nördliche Oberhaardt (220.20), which belongs to the sub-unit Oberhaardt (220.2) in the main unit group Northern Upper Rhine Lowland (22) and in the main unit Haardtrand (220) .
history
From the Middle Ages to the time after the French Revolution , the forest area with the Schlossberg as Haagwald was owned by the Speyer Monastery . When, in the Peace of Lunéville in 1801, the German areas on the left bank of the Rhine were ceded to France and the church's possessions were subsequently expropriated , the Hague Forest was nationalized and added to the Hambach community forest. In 1816 the area, like the entire Palatinate on the left bank of the Rhine, came to the Kingdom of Bavaria .
The hilltop carries the Hambach Castle . After it was built as a box castle in the 11th century , it was destroyed three times: in 1552 by the mercenary leader Albrecht Alcibiades , in 1688 on behalf of King Louis XIV by the French General Mélac and for the last time in 1794 by French revolutionary troops.
In 1832 the castle ruins became a symbol of freedom and democracy beyond Germany, when 20,000 to 30,000 people, including a number of foreigners, came together there to celebrate the Hambach Festival . From 1842 onwards the ailing castle was also popularly named Maxburg after the Bavarian Crown Prince at the time, who later became King Maximilian II Joseph . In 1844 the first conservation measures began.
After the Second World War , the castle was almost completely restored from 1980 to 1982 and in three phases between 2006 and 2011. It's museum and meeting site with around 200,000 visitors per year. Events and receptions from the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, the Bad Dürkheim district and the city of Neustadt an der Weinstrasse take place there all year round .
nature
With the exception of the castle area, the Schlossberg has a mixed forest. The sweet chestnuts, which were already settled on the edge of the Haardtrand in Roman times , with their light green foliage that can be seen from afar, dominate strongly, there are also beeches and conifers such as spruce and pine .
The nature reserve No. 7316-170 Haardtrand - Im Erb ( CDDA No. 163451; designated 1992; 11.51 hectares ) occupies the south, south-east and east foot of the Schlossberg . With the exception of the northwest, parts of the Haardtrand bird sanctuary extend onto the mountain slopes (VSG no. 6514-401; 147.28 km² ).
Transport links
The Schlossberg is accessed via the district roads 9 and 14, which run one after the other as a one-way street clockwise around the mountain like a ring that opens to the north. From Mittelhambach , the K 9 leads first as Eichstrasse , then as Schlossstrasse up to the large hikers ' car park at the top of the pass ( 338 m ) below the castle and from there K 14 as Freiheitstrasse - Triftbrunnenweg - In der Almel - Römerweg down to Oberhambach .
From the parking lot, at the edge of which the Rittersberg tavern is 10 m higher on the slope of the eponymous mountain, the hilltop with the castle is reached after a 300 m walk at around 40 m altitude difference.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Height and location of the Schlossberg on the map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes ).
- ↑ GeoExplorer of the Rhineland-Palatinate Water Management Authority ( information )
- ↑ a b Adalbert Pemöller: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 160 Landau i. d. Palatinate. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. → Online map (PDF; 4.2 MB).
- ↑ Helmut Beeger u. a .: The landscapes of Rheinhessen-Pfalz - naming and spatial delimitation. In: Reports on German regional studies , Volume 63, Issue 2, Trier 1989, pp. 327–359.
- ↑ Kästen , Keschde and similar are the names of the chestnut trees that have grown on the mountain in the Palatinate dialects since Roman times .
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )