St. Bartholomew (Kirchehrenbach)

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Parish Church of St. Bartholomew in Kirchehrenbach

The Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomew in Kirchehrenbach in Franconian Switzerland is a sacred building from the Baroque period .

location

The church is located on a slight hill in the middle of the village.

history

On July 11th, Bamberg's bishop Otto the Holy († 1139) consecrated an altar of Mary in Kirchehrenbach; therefore there must have already been a church there by this time. It was the own church of the local nobility. According to tradition, the noble founders of the church were Adelvolc and his wife Reichza as well as the brothers Reynold / Reginold and Eberhard von Reifenberg (both † 1190 on a crusade ). The priest Werinher von Erenbach and travel companion of Bishop Otto, who appeared as a documentary witness on his mission trip to Pomerania in 1121, may also have come from the local nobility. Also in the 12th century, Friedrich (II.) Von Leutenbach donated an anniversary for the church. Another foundation was made in 1168 by the pastor of Heiligenstadt . At least since the end of the 12th century the place is to be regarded as a parish, because in 1195 a "plebanus" (Latin: pastor ) Bruno de Ermbach appeared as a documentary witness . In 1360, in a dispute with Bamberg Bishop Lupold, the Bamberg ministeriales Konrad and Eberhard von Wiesenthau were granted parochial protection for St. Bartholomäi (market on August 24th) and that of St. Walburga on the nearby Ehrenbürg (market on May 1st ) awarded; the Wiesenthau family were the largest landlords in the village. Since the brothers and sisters are referred to as the founders of the church, a new building or an extension of the parish church as a choir tower church in a fortified church must have taken place in the first half of the 14th century.

In the first half of the 18th century, the church gradually turned out to be too small, as the place had become one of the most populous in the Principality of Bamberg . Since there were also serious defects in the Gothic structure, a new building was considered. The Bamberg architect Johann Georg Baron von Roppel presented a first draft in 1749 . Four years later, master mason and mason Wenzel Schwesner (* 1710; † 1772) from Waischenfeld provided a detailed draft and a cost estimate . However, it took some time before the new building began. In 1758, the Katharinenkapelle in the churchyard was demolished first. In 1765, the Bamberg city mason master Martin Mayer presented another building design. In the autumn of the same year, demolition of the nave began and the shell was built by January 1767 according to Mayer's plans. The completion and furnishing dragged on due to a temporary lack of money until 1776, when the sacred building was consecrated by the Bamberg auxiliary bishop Heinrich Joseph Nitschke . In 1796 the church was sacked by French troops. In 1813 various repairs had to be carried out after a lightning strike in the tower. Also in 1813 the Gothic choir of the previous church from around 1500 was demolished. The cemetery around the church was closed in 1876. The war memorial to the left of the main portal of the church was built in 1924 by the Bamberg sculptor Anton Bauer .

In 1907 a Catholic boys 'association was founded, and in 1970 the Catholic workers' movement (KAB). After the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council , on March 7, 1965, mass was celebrated for the first time in the parish church according to the new rite ; the redesign of the choir with the removal of the communion benches and the erection of a people's altar followed in 1970.

An exterior renovation of the church took place in 1962, a general renovation from 1988–1990 and an interior renovation 20 years later. In 1969 a newly built parish and youth home was inaugurated in the parish garden. In 1986 the Nepomuk statue created by Erich Müller on the outer bridge over the Wiesent received the church blessing.

Building description

Today's church, made of unplastered sandstone blocks , faces south in contrast to the previous building that was facing east. The single-nave nave consists of three axes with high arched windows. The choir in the south is slightly drawn in and has a three-sided end. A flight of stairs leads to the three-storey, mighty facade in the north ; two linden trees in front of the entrance to the church were planted in 1933. The middle, slightly protruding part of the facade is framed by colossal pilasters . The gable field shows the coat of arms of the Bamberg prince-bishop Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim (1757–1779) from the Mutschele workshop, Bamberg; the sandstone figures in the side niches, works by the Staffelstein sculptor Andreas Müller , depict the patron saint, St. Bartholomew , and St. Catherine . The long sides of the church are also structured with pilasters; the north wall still partially shows the late Gothic choir arch. Inside, the walls and the pressed groin vaults are unadorned. The roofs of the church are slated.

The basement of the tower in the north-west of the church dates from the late Romanesque period (12th century); On its barrel vault , fragments of wall paintings from the 12th century depict various saints. In the corner between the plastered tower, which was given its present appearance in 1599 by an elevation and an octagonal pointed spire with four corner turrets, and the unplastered choir is the one-story sacristy. Of the four bells, two each date from the 17th and 20th centuries; In 1957 the wooden bell cage was replaced by an iron one and the bells were electrified.

Furnishing

Figure of St. Katharina at the choir arch
Grave monument for the Banz provost Sigmund von Wiesenthau

The baroque furnishings date from the middle of the 18th century. The altars and the pulpit, all marbled wooden structures, were created by the Bamberg sculptor Franz Martin Mutschele (* 1733; † 1804). Mutschele made the main altar in 1772; the side figures depict the holy emperor Heinrich and the holy empress Kunigunde . The altarpiece from the workshop of the Kronach painter Joseph Andreas Link shows the transfiguration of the church patron. The excerpt shows a group of figures of the Coronation of Mary dressed in white , a work by Lorenz Kamm from 1864. Above the passages next to the altar structure there are figures of Saints Wendelin and Florian . The two side altars, made in 1773, are without altarpieces, instead a Maria Immaculata stands in a niche in the left side altar , surrounded by six putti and flanked by Saints Barbara and Ottilie , in the right side altar Saint Joseph is surrounded by six putti and flanked by the Franciscan Saint Anthony with the baby Jesus and Francis . The choir arch bears a figure of Saint Catherine on the left pillar, on the right a figure of the church patron, created in 1816 by the sculptor Friedrich Theiler from Ebermannstadt .

On the right inner wall stand side by side the several times staggered Renaissance grave monuments for Sigmund von Wiesenthau († 1595 as provost of the Benedictine monastery Banz) and for Wilhelm († 1578) and his wife Anna von Wiesenthau († 1594) from the Hundshaupten line, the latter a work by Hans Werner. On the left inner wall is the pulpit from 1771, accessible from the sacristy via a staircase, the four evangelist symbols are depicted on the body and the chalice of the Eucharist on the sound cover .

Next to the pulpit hangs a statue of the Virgin Mary with child from the 15th century. Saints Georg and Urban can be seen at the main entrance ; an urban brotherhood of winemakers existed in Kirchehrenbach as early as 1624. Other figures mostly come from the previous church.

The first organ from 1771 was made by Johann Michael II. Schott from Bamberg, the second in 1876 by Augustin Bittner from Nuremberg . The third, built in 1914 by the Oettinger company GF Steinmeyer as Opus 1205, was restored in 2008 by the organ builder Benedikt Friedrich, Oberasbach .

literature

  • Georg Knörlein (editor): Kirchehrenbacher tower button certificates . Kirchehrenbach 1988
  • Georg Knörlein: Catholic parish church St. Bartholomäus KIRCHEHRENBACH . Munich / Zurich: Schnell & Steiner 1991
  • Kirchehrenbach . In: Ursula Pfistermeister: Franconian Switzerland. Hersbrucker Switzerland . Nuremberg: Verlag Hans Carl, 2nd edition 1977, including p. 149
  • Completion of the interior renovation of our parish church St. Bartholomäus Kirchehrenbach with general renovation of the organ . Leaflet, 2010
  • Kirchehrenbach Parish Church of St. Bartholomew. (Information board at the church)

Web links

Commons : St. Bartholomäus  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kirchehrenbacher tower button certificates, p. 24
  2. ↑ Catholic parish church St. Bartholomäus KIRCHEHRENBACH, p. 5
  3. ↑ Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomäus KIRCHEHRENBACH, p. 2
  4. ↑ Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomäus KIRCHEHRENBACH, p. 7
  5. ↑ [1]
  6. ↑ Kirchehrenbacher tower button certificates, p. 5
  7. ↑ Kirchehrenbacher tower button certificates, p. 69
  8. ↑ Kirchehrenbacher tower button certificates, p. 79
  9. ↑ Kirchehrenbacher tower button certificates, pp. 73, 75
  10. ↑ [2]
  11. ↑ [3]
  12. ↑ [4]
  13. ↑ Catholic parish church of St. Bartholomäus KIRCHEHRENBACH, p. 8f., 47
  14. ↑ Kirchehrenbacher tower button certificates, p. 69
  15. ↑ Catholic Parish Church of St. Bartholomäus KIRCHEHRENBACH, p. 19f.
  16. ↑ Information board at the church
  17. ↑ Ursula Pfistermeister: Franconian Switzerland, p. 149
  18. ↑ Catholic Parish Church of St. Bartholomäus KIRCHEHRENBACH, pp. 20, 22

Coordinates: 49 ° 44 ′ 0.1 ″  N , 11 ° 8 ′ 44.3 ″  E