St. Crucis (Ziesar)
Sankt Crucis is the Protestant parish church in the small town of Ziesar in the west of Brandenburg . The hall church is a Romanesque stone church . It belongs to the Evangelical Church District Elbe-Fläming of the Evangelical Church in Central Germany .
history
The Holy Cross Church was built between 1200 and 1240 as a classic cruciform church. The exact date of construction of the church, which was probably built by monks of the Premonstratensian order , is unknown. St. Crucis was built from the field stones (ice age boulders ) available on site . In 1226 Franciscans settled in Ziesar. In 1237 a monastery was donated, St. Crucis to the monastery church. However, around 1250 the Franciscans went from Ziesar to the old town of Brandenburg to the Johanniskirche .
From 1327 Bishop Ludwig made Ziesar a permanent bishop's residence . During his tenure, Cistercian women were detectable in the city from 1331 at the latest . Furthermore, the Augustinian order was allowed to operate a datei . In 1341 the bishop founded a nunnery for the Cistercian women, which was consecrated to St. Mary . The Ziesar monastery was the patron of the parish church of St. Crucis. The area of the monastery lay directly around the church building, and the church stood on the monastery grounds.
Between 1365 and 1400 the choir apse was renewed in the Gothic style. Bricks were used for this for the first time . Furthermore, a Gothic portal was worked into the northern arm of the cross and all the church windows were probably changed to have pointed arches.
In 1540, after the Reformation , the Ziesar monastery was dissolved and converted into a women's monastery before this was also dissolved in 1562. In the Thirty Years' War Ziesar was destroyed twice. In 1694 the gable of the church tower was renewed to repair the damage caused by the war . Another remodeling and renewal measure was the replacement of the existing barrel vault in the choir with a groin vault in 1724 . Drafts for the new building or a restoration of the southern cross arm, which was apparently missing, date from 1770. In 1801 the tower was repaired and floors and stairs were renewed. The church tower was repaired again in 1817. Smaller repairs were carried out in 1820 and 1847. In 1853 the damaged church bell was cast by a bell caster Engel from Halberstadt .
There were major repairs and new construction measures between 1859 and 1864. During these five years, galleries were removed from the nave , three brick galleries were built, the southern cross arm was rebuilt, cross ribbed vaults were installed in the cross arms, the pointed arched windows were dismantled back to round arched windows , interior fittings and paintings and The organ was renewed by the Magdeburg master organ builder Carl Böttcher using old parts . The church tower also received a neo-Gothic roof turret . A round-arched west portal was incorporated and an arch-like gate building, which leads from the tower to the gable of the neighboring old monastery building and which roofs the west portal, was built.
Between 1870 and 1872 the tower was a 30 on the southwest corner feet high buttresses built and installed an iron band. Financed by private assets from citizens of Ziesar, the church received three colored lead glass windows for the choir windows from a glazier Ferdinand Möller from Quedlinburg between 1898 and 1904 .
During the First World War , two bells were melted down for weapon production. In 1925 three new ones were bought from Apolda to replace them . Again during World War II , three bells were used for war purposes. In 1953, the neo-Gothic roof turret was removed from the church tower due to its dilapidation. Further restorations took place in the following years.
Building
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The church of St. Crucis has a cruciform floor plan and is made of field stones. Bricks were used in some places during later renovations. In the wide west tower there is a round arched west portal, which is covered by a gatehouse also made of field stones. The gatehouse connects the church with the monastery building to the west. Several arched windows are incorporated in the tower. The two-part sound openings in the bell cage are also rounded . A lily was placed on the masonry above the northern sound opening . There are other stone lilies as gable riders on the north and south gables of the saddle roof of the church tower. A church clock is to the east above the sound openings. The top of the church forms a tower cross .
The windows in the nave are all round arched. Pointed arch windows can only be found in the apse of the choir. There are also two ogival windows there . In the northern arm of the cross there is an ogival three-step portal with iron fittings . Round-arched panels can also be found above this or two arched windows. The portal in the south arm is round arched with a pointed gable roof projecting like a risalit . Apsitids were also worked into the side arms to the east. All of the semi-circular apses of the church have semi-conical roofs.
There is a buttress at the southwest corner of the tower. Around the church there is a red eaves cornice , which forms repeated pointed arches. Either stone crosses or lilies are set up above the gables of the nave, the choir and the side arms. The roofs are covered with red beaver tails .
Interior decoration
The interior of the church is relatively simple. On one of red clinker brick, six, connected by arches pillars supported west gallery , the organ is from the workshop of Paul Hooper. Further, also walled galleries are in the side arms. The galleries slope down towards the center of the church. The ceiling of the nave is arched barrel - shaped and clad in wood. Large cast-iron candlesticks hang from the ceiling in the nave and in the choir . Masonry was imitated on the interior plaster. A wooden pulpit is located at the southern transition from the choir to the nave. A large cross and a small crucifix stand on a stone altar . The choir apse is lined with wood below the pointed arch windows. On the east wall of the southern arm of the church, a stone slab, a grave slab, was set up showing the two brothers Tilo Kothe († 1359) and Ghereke Kothe († 1383). These were family members of the Brandenburg bishop Dietrich II von Kothe (1347-1365). In the north arm there is a permanent exhibition on the history of the church and the Ziesar monastery .
View towards the choir
West gallery with organ
Grave slab depicting the Kothe brothers
literature
- Joachim Salomon: Ziesar: City Church St. Crucis. Former Cistercian monastery church. Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 1999, ISBN 978-3-89643113-4 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Matthias Wemhoff: Beyond the grave. In: Clemens Bergstedt, Heinz-Dieter Heimann (Hrsg.): Paths to the city of heaven. Bishop, Faith, Reign 800–1550. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 978-3-936872-40-8 , p. 35
- ^ A b Gert Richter: Germany: Culture and Nature Guide North (= Germany: Portrait of a Nation , Volume 11). Bertelsmann Lexikothek Verlag, Gütersloh 1996, ISBN 978-3-577-08721-6 , p. 385.
- ↑ poster Church of St. Crucis Ziesar , Timeline: from 1200 to 1817 .
- ↑ poster Church of St. Crucis Ziesar , Timeline: from 1820 to 1904 .
- ↑ poster Church of St. Crucis Ziesar , Timeline: from 1899 to 2006 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 16 ′ 0.4 ″ N , 12 ° 17 ′ 16.8 ″ E