St. Laurentius (Ebern)
The parish church of St. Laurentius is the main Catholic church in the small town of Ebern in the Franconian Haßberge ( administrative region of Lower Franconia ). The late Gothic pseudo-basilica (relay hall) was completely renovated a few years ago and partially refurbished.
history
Ebern was separated from the original parish Pfarrweisach in 1232 and the previous branch church was elevated to a parish church by the Würzburg bishop .
A city seal from 1352 shows a Romanesque basilica with a transept and crossing tower . This church is likely to have been changed in the High Gothic period, today's west tower probably goes back to this conversion.
In 1430 a major fire devastated the young city (1335 city and fortification rights) except for three houses. The parish church was also destroyed by flames, and the ruins finally collapsed in 1456.
Then the new building began. Only the high Gothic tower remained of the old church, which is why it is not exactly in the middle of the west facade. Construction probably started with the choir . The year 1491 on the west gallery probably documents the completion of construction.
In 1463 the parish priest Johann von Helb donated his private library to the parish "for eternity". In total, there were “60 large and 4 small books” that were chained to three desks with iron chains. For this purpose, an extension ("Liberey"), which is still preserved today, was added to the parish church.
The 16th century added the pulpit and baptismal font . The wealthy nobility of the area - who mostly owned town houses in the nearby Rittergasse - enriched the furnishings with the five preserved grave monuments in the choir.
At the end of the 17th century the parish church was redesigned in Baroque style . The left side altar that has been preserved gives a good impression of this artistically high quality refurbishment.
In 1783 the church tower was crowned with the current dome after a fire.
At the end of the 19th century, the pastor at that time initiated the regotization of the parish church. Valuable medieval works of art were sold to the art trade to finance it, such as the important, dry high altar. In 1887/92 the church was "restored" and furnished in a neo-Gothic style.
After the Second World War, this regotization was felt to be out of date. The neo-Gothic furnishings disappeared from the church, some statues of the former baroque furnishings were arranged to form a new high altar.
From 1991 the church was extensively renovated and got a new interior painting. The existing furnishings were partially rearranged and supplemented with some modern pieces (including a sacraments and a new baptismal area).
In January 2004, a fire caused by a candle destroyed the right side altar and the crib except for remains. A total loss of the parish church could just be prevented. The damage has now been repaired and the church is open again.
architecture
The parish church is a three-aisled staggered hall with an approximately square floor plan . The central nave is separated from the choir by a profiled choir arch. The chancel is offset slightly to the north compared to the lay room and closes polygonally on five sides of the octagon.
The side aisles are also closed polygonally, the northern one was extended by the sacristy .
The exterior view is dominated by the five-storey west tower. The approximately 48 meter high bell tower is closed with a slate-roofed dome with a high lantern. The north aisle begins behind the tower, the south a two-storey library building (Librerey) was added in the 15th century.
The church was built entirely from the local Rhätsandstein from the Haßberge. The exterior is unplastered and structured by numerous buttresses .
The slender window openings have rich tracery panels , but these are attributable to the restoration of the 19th century.
Inside, the central nave is significantly higher than the side aisles , but the upper aisles are not interrupted by window openings. This type of building (pseudo-basilica) was very common in the late Gothic period. In Franconia in particular , numerous parish churches were laid out as relay halls.
The central nave is vaulted with a net, the choir and side aisles only have simple cross vaults. The pointed arched arcade openings of the nave are supported by strong round pillars. In the west an arched gallery with rich tracery parapets extends through all three naves. The late Gothic tracery is made up of fish bubbles, rosettes and passports. Two tartsch shields bear the donor's coat of arms and the coat of arms of the Würzburg prince-bishop Rudolf II von Scherenberg . Next to the right shield, the year 1491 probably indicates the year the church was completed.
The parish church was previously surrounded by the cemetery, the surrounding wall of which has largely been preserved. To the south behind the choir, the old, late Gothic ossuary ( Karner , ossarium) completes the ensemble. The two-storey sandstone block building now serves as an exhibition space. The open, net-vaulted hall on the ground floor was redesigned as a war memorial.
Furnishing
Most of the medieval furnishings were removed at the end of the 19th century and replaced by a neo-Gothic one. The sale of the important late Gothic winged altar in particular seems completely incomprehensible from today's perspective. The side wings of the altar were burned in the storage depot during World War II, the huge main panel with the multi-figure representation of the crucifixion of Christ (workshop of Hans Pleydenwurff in Bamberg ) has now found its final place in the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg .
Choir room
The neo-Gothic (1889) high altar bought as a replacement was banned from the church after the Second World War and later shown in the local history museum at Grautor . In the course of the church renovation decided in 1991, this artistically quite remarkable altar was returned to the presbytery .
To the left of the high altar, the late Gothic tabernacle with its gilded lattice has been preserved.
On the choir walls there are some important grave monuments from the 16th century. To the right of the altar stands the knight Richard von Lichtenstein († 1512) in full armor, life-size, on a lion, his right hand holding a lance , the left one resting on the pommel of the sword. Next to it, Hans von Rotenhan († 1559) kneels bareheaded and praying in front of the cross.
On the left, the bronze epitaph of Eyrich von Rotenhan († 1539) is followed by the memorial stone for Mathes von Rotenhan († 1569). This knight, too, kneels in full armor in prayer in front of the cross, the helmet is held by a lion between his paws. The conclusion is formed by Georg and Anna von Rotenhan († 1565). This couple, too, kneels in front of the crucifix with their stately group of children, an idealized city with a castle can be seen in the background . Local historians like to interpret this cityscape as the oldest preserved cityscape of Ebern and Rotenhan Castle . The representation is likely to go back to widespread contemporary graphic templates. Seen from the north, the ancestral castle of the von Rotenhan family is to the left in front of Ebern on the slope, so the interpretation as a representation of Ebern would have to be Raueneck Castle near Vorbach.
church
The stone pulpit is a remarkable renaissance work by Hans Schlachter from the year 1583. In the parapet fields, the four evangelists and Christ as Salvator Mundi were carved out almost fully plastic. The railing of the staircase is decorated with post-Gothic tracery. There is also half the boar of the city coat of arms. The portal with its triangular gable and a civil coat of arms is unusual.
In addition to some oil paintings and sculptures, the left side altar (St. Mary's altar) has been preserved from the former baroque furnishings . The four-column altar was created in 1698/99 in the Bamberg workshop of Sebastian Degler . The altar panel shows the Mother of God with the Franconian ducal crown. On top of the altar, St. George is fighting the dragon.
The former right, neo-baroque side altar burned down together with the crib in January 2004. Other remains of the former baroque furnishings were integrated into this altar, such as an equestrian statue of St. Martin.
The lost side altar has since been replaced by a retable by the Leipzig artist Michael Triegel . The altarpiece addresses the "power of the word of God" on humanity. In the manner of the old masters, the closed altar shows the sacrifice of Isaac by his father Abraham . If the wings are open, the fall of Paul from his horse can be seen on the central panel . The insides of the wings bear depictions of St. Stephen (left), who devotedly awaits his stoning , and the awakening of the disciple Tabea (Tabita) by St. Peter . The new altar was consecrated on July 29, 2007.
A small, late Gothic glass painting (Madonna on the crescent moon), which was formerly in the Marienkapelle in today's cemetery, is embedded in the central window of the choir .
organ
The organ was rebuilt in 1996 by the organ building company Vleugels (Hardheim). The instrument has 34 stops on two manuals and a pedal . The disposition is based on southern German organs of the 18th century. The instrument has mechanical action actions . The stop actions are mechanical and electrical. The speed of the Zimbelstern and the vibrato of the tremulants can be adjusted manually.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P,
- Secondary register: Cymbelstern
- Playing aids : electronic typesetting system , sequencer
In Ebern there is a full-time dean's cantor for the dean's office in Haßberge .
Funerary monuments
Gravestone of councilor Valentin Rinderman (n) and his wife Anna, (née Be (t) z) next to the west tower (1567)
Reichart (Richard) von Lichtenstein († 1512). At the top right the coat of arms of the Fuchs family
Hans von Rotenhan († 1559) kneeling in front of the cross
The bronze epitaph of Eyrich von Rotenhan zu Fischbach with the Rotenhan-Rosenau marriage coat of arms (1539)
Mathes (Matthäus) von Rotenhan zu Rentweinsdorf († 1569)
George IV and Anna (née Rotenhan) von Rotenhan (1565)
The depiction in the background of the epitaph of George IV and Anna von Rotenhan, sometimes interpreted as the earliest city view of Ebern
literature
- The new organ from St. Laurentius, Ebern - Festschrift for the organ consecration on November 24, 1996 . Ebern, 1996
- Georg Dehio : Bavaria I, Franconia - The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia . (Handbook of German Art Monuments). 2nd edition, 1999. ISBN 3-422-03051-4
- Heribert Keh: The churches of Ebern / Ufr . (Schnell, Kunstführer 1131). - Munich, 1978
- The art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria , III, 15 - District Office Ebern . - Munich, 1916. - (Reprint Munich, 1983. - ISBN 3-486-50469-X )
- Isolde Maierhöfer: Ebern (Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Franconia, issue 15). Munich, Commission for Bavarian National History, 1964
- Parish council of the parish St. Laurentius, Ebern: 750 years parish St. Laurentius, Ebern - parish anniversary why and how . Ebern, 1982
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ More information on the organ of St. Laurentius ( Memento from June 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
Coordinates: 50 ° 5 ′ 41.4 ″ N , 10 ° 47 ′ 38.5 ″ E