St. Michael (Lutzingen)
The Catholic parish church of St. Michael in Lutzingen , a municipality in the district of Dillingen an der Donau in the Bavarian administrative district of Swabia , was built in the second half of the 17th century and rebuilt and enlarged in the 18th century. During this time the church was decorated in the Rococo style .
location
The church is located in a walled cemetery on the southern outskirts.
History of the parish
The place is first mentioned as Luzzingen in 1250. The patronage of St. Michael indicates a very early foundation. The parish was first mentioned in a document from 1264. However, nothing has survived from the medieval church. It was replaced by a new building after the Thirty Years' War by the master builder Georg Danner from Unterbissingen . In 1677 a new choir was built and the nave was completed in 1680/81 . In 1688 the new church was consecrated . In 1766/68 the church was raised by Simon Rothmüller and extended by one yoke to the west. Instead of the original vault, a flat ceiling was installed. 1804, until then was preserved Romanesque gable roof tower fallen into disrepair and had to make way for a new building, which the Höchstädter master builder Franz Anton Schönherr executed.
architecture
Exterior construction
The church is made of plastered brickwork . In the northern corner of the choir rises the square, six-storey tower on which two octagonal storeys with an onion dome are placed. The west facade of the nave has a triple stepped volute gable with segment-arched hatches in the middle. A stone relief from around 1700 is walled in on the outer wall, depicting St. Representing Michael with sword and scales. Two open signs on the north and south sides of the church form the entrances.
inner space
The single nave nave is divided into five axes . A wide choir arch opens to the slightly drawn-in choir, raised by one step and closed on three sides, which, like the nave, is covered with a flat ceiling. Twelve flat pilasters symbolizing the Twelve Apostles divide the walls. They are decorated with stucco capitals with shells and foliage and wear angel sputtles with flowers in their hands. The arched windows of the ship, arranged in two rows one above the other, continue in the choir. A curved double gallery , supported by two stone pillars, forms the western end .
Stucco and fresco
The stucco decor was created in 1767 by the brothers Johann Michael and Bartholomäus Hoiß from Lutzingen. Elaborate shellwork cartouches frame the grisaille above the windows. Above the choir arch is the coat of arms of the Duchy of Pfalz-Neuburg with the monogram of Elector Karl Theodor . Below is the chronogram : sanCtVs MIChaeL, arChangeLVs eCCLesIae CVstos (St. Michael, Archangel, Protector of the Church). The capital letters correspond to Roman numerals and result in the year 1767 (MCCCCCCLLLVVII).
The frescoes were done in the same year by Johann Anwander from Lauingen . The triumph of the Catholic doctrine of the Eucharist over the teachings of the Reformation is symbolized on the choir fresco . An open book on an altar is surrounded by the evangelist symbols lion, winged man, bull and eagle, above which a chalice and a monstrance float . On the obelisk is a portrait of the Augsburg prince-bishop Johann Christoph von Freyberg . A Pope is kneeling next to it. Two female figures, one holding a picture with the signature Seelen Ablas , refer to the redemption from purgatory through indulgence . At the bottom left of the picture you can see a globe with personalized representations of the four continents. To the right of this, heretics plunge into the abyss. The four grisailles symbolize the theological virtues faith, hope, love and the ecclesia , the church.
The ceiling fresco of the nave is dedicated to the patron saint of the church, the Archangel Michael, who weighs souls at the Last Judgment and leads the blessed to heaven. He is portrayed as a champion of God, as a conqueror of devils and protector of the living and dying. His sign reads : QUIS UT DEUS (who is like God), which corresponds to the meaning of the Hebrew name Michael. The inscription on the east side says: protect from the strict judgment and will lead you into the holy light, Ecclise . Below you can see the dead rise from their graves. The man in the gray hat is interpreted as a self-portrait of the painter. The ceiling fresco bears the signature: Joh. AnWander inv. &. pinx. 1767 (Johann Anwander designed and painted it in 1767). Eight grisailles are grouped around the main picture with the representations of the four evangelists Matthew , Mark , Luke and John and the allegories of humility and anger, pride and meekness.
The paintings on the gallery parapet were made in 1782 by Joseph Leitkrath from Donauwörth . The lower scenes show: The beggar at the rich man's table (left), the merchants driven out of the temple (center), the prodigal son (right). The upper scenes show King David on the left , angels playing music in the middle and Saint Cecilia , the patron saint of church music, on the right . The undersides of the galleries are also provided with pictures. On the underside of the upper gallery the church of Lutzingen is shown in front of the new tower, to the side horns of plenty with fruits as well as lightning, fire and sword and the eye of God .
Leaded glass window
The choir has stained glass windows with figurative representations. The left side window shows the Archangel Raphael , who saints St. Tobias accompanies. In the right window the archangel Gabriel is shown in the annunciation scene. The middle window, which takes the place of the altarpiece, is dedicated to St. Michael, who fights against Lucifer . Two more windows show St. Paul on the left and St. John Nepomuk on the right .
Furnishing
Of the altars made in 1769, only the frames remain.
The pulpit decorated with shell decorations and its barred access from the sacristy also date from this period . The sound cover is set with a volute crown and angel sputtles, which hold the attributes for faith, hope, love.
The sculptures of Pietà , St. John Nepomuk, St. Francis Xavier and St. Leonhard are works of the 18th century, as is the carving of the baptism of Jesus on the lid of the baptismal font .
The baptismal font dates from the second half of the 17th century. It is decorated with an angel's head over a bunch of grapes.
See also
literature
- The art monuments of the district of Dillingen an der Donau , edited by Werner Meyer, in the series: The art monuments of Bavaria. The art monuments of Swabia. Vol. VII. District of Dillingen on the Danube . Munich 1972, ISBN 3-486-43541-8 , pp. 682-689.
- Georg Wörishofer, Alfred Sigg, Reinhard H. Seitz: Cities, Markets and Communities ; in: The district of Dillingen ad Donau in the past and present . Ed. Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau, 3rd revised edition, Dillingen an der Donau 2005, pp. 352–353.
- Information sheet from the parish of St. Michael, 2002.
Web links
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 48 ° 38 ′ 42.8 " N , 10 ° 32 ′ 38.5" E