St. Wolfgang (Regensburg)

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St. Wolfgang in Regensburg

The Catholic parish church of St. Wolfgang is an expressionist church building by Dominikus Böhm in the Regensburg district of Kumpfmühl .

For the architect and art historian Herbert Muck, the building is a prime example of the concept of " Christ- centric room design" in terms of floor plan and interior design, in which the altar and thus the image of Christ are the focus of the room. For the art historian, “it is one of the most perfect things church construction could achieve between the two world wars”, even if the construction method prevented the spatial effect from being fully realized. Other authors consider it to be “the only outstanding contribution from Böhm to modern church building in Bavaria” and a “milestone in modern German church architecture”.

location

The area on which the church and the parsonage stand borders directly on the southern border of the former Roman fort . The building is located at the intersection of the streets Bischof-Wittmann-Straße and Simmernstraße and has the address Bischof-Wittmann-Straße 24 b.

history

Until the secularization of 1803, the street village of Kumpfmühl was supplied by the Carthusian monks of the Prüll monastery . The construction of the St. Theresa monastery church made it possible for the residents of Kumpmühl to visit a nearby church for the first time. After the incorporation of Kumpfmühl to Regensburg in 1870, the Kumpfmühl area belonged to the parish of St. Emmeram . Since the way there was too difficult for many and the space of the Theresienkirche in the steadily growing part of the city gradually proved to be too cramped, a church foundation was applied for, which Ludwig III. on September 21, 1918.

After Johann B. Meister filled a position as a cooperator on August 20, 1920, a building permit for a provisional emergency church was granted on August 13, 1921 after the purchase of suitable land. The elevation to the parish took place on September 13, 1921 by Anton von Henle . In Grafenwöhr , on August 24, 1921, the Entente Commission bought a used wooden flying hall for 20,000 marks , which was then built on the Königsberg , today's church square, and converted into a church. This was on August 6, 1922 by Anton von Henle benediziert . This church building was partially demolished at the start of construction of the new church. The presbytery still served as a construction hut.

Today's church was built in 1937/39 by Dominikus Böhm following a planning process that lasted almost eight years according to the third design and stands at the highest point in Kumpfmühl.

Originally, St. Wolfgang was supposed to be the first modern church building in Eastern Bavaria and was inaugurated in 1939, 1200 years after the founding of the Regensburg diocese . The beginning of the war destroyed the planning and after the arrival of the iron girders that had already been delivered, the plans were changed several times due to the armor- related shortage of iron, which resulted in a considerable extension of the construction period. In terms of construction, instead of a filigree supporting structure, Böhm had to erect striking parallel arches for the base of the walls of the high church.

The foundation stone, which is located at the northern, outer base of the tower, was laid on June 20, 1938 by Johann Baptist Höcht . This foundation stone was donated by the church administration to mark the silver jubilee of the then incumbent pastor Johann B. Meister.

On March 3, 1940, the church was designated by Johann B. Meister, consecration was not possible under the prevailing political conditions.

Due to the conspicuous size and color of the church, by order of the Reich Security Main Office, the church should be painted green, similar to the Ganghof settlement near the room. The pastor refused to do this, but was able to get a wrapping with green straw mats. For air protection reasons, the large rosettes had to be constructively "darkened" over a lath frame.

After the war damage of December 28, 1944 in World War II, it was rebuilt by Hans Beckers , the site manager of the original church. The destroyed glasses of the rosettes were restored by the Mayer Court Art Institute in May 1947. Due to the scarcity of materials, shards from the remains of the glass cover of Munich Central Station were used. The church was re-designated on March 19, 1948.

The final consecration took place according to an ancient rite. On Saturday, June 11, 1949, the walls of the church interior were consecrated in the late afternoon. The event was followed by a nightly religious celebration. On June 12, 1949, the altar was consecrated with the relics installed in the altar. Marianus Vetter from the Dominican Convention in Vienna was invited as the preacher for both festive events .

In 2005 the church was thoroughly renovated. The constructional disadvantages of the arched construction of the walls were improved and the entire building technology was renewed.

On September 12, 2006, Pope Benedict XVI's popemobile stopped . in front of the church.

Church building

View into the Lower Church

Exterior construction and spatial shape

The church is a central building on the ground plan of a Greek cross consisting of a crossing square and four equally large squares as cross beams, which are covered with gable roofs . A ridge turret with a very steep pyramid helmet with a gold-plated weather cock at a height of almost 48 meters stands on the crossing above the central altar. Four nine-meter rosettes each with 115 openings made of artificial stone are embedded in the gable façades and are flush with the walls. They essentially ensure the natural lighting of the interior. The west rosette is made with colored glasses.

In addition to its height, the church is noticeable for its streaky outer skin, as it is known from some Italian cathedrals : the walls are alternately layered from white Kelheim limestone and beige-washed brick.

Around the east arm of the cross there is a “lower church”, barely halfway up, which also consists of five squares and, together with the south and north arms, forms a large square. It contains the entrance area and is connected to the upper church by five open arches. The main entrance is through the bell tower in the middle in front of it. This is deliberately kept much lower than the church (16.70 meters) so as not to push its cross shape into the background.

The height of the church is 23.7 m. After the Regensburg Cathedral, this church has the second-highest interior space of a church in the Regensburg diocese . The height or size of the holy water font, baptistery, high walls and bell tower are multiples of the number 4, the number of the "ends of the earth" and the number of the evangelists . Above the main portal there is a figure of Christ, a replica of a sculpture from St. Emmeram around 1049. The main portal is decorated with lion heads and spikes that are supposed to ward off evil. The twelve entrances to the church symbolize the biblical vision of the city of God ( Rev 21,12  EU ).

Furnishing

The expressionist bronze sculpture of the penitent Peter in a wall niche is by Gottfried Böhm (1947). The Stations of the Cross pictures were designed in 1923 by the painter Guntram Lautenbacher . The statue of the Fatima Madonna comes from the sculptor Hans Muth (1953). The limestone figure of St. Wolfgang on the church square was also created by Gottfried Böhm after the Second World War.

organ

View of the main organ and the west rosette with the new console (2018)

When entering the Wolfgangskirche, the viewer will notice the large open-pipe prospect behind the high altar. This belongs to the main organ of the church, which was built in 1944 by organ builder "Willibald Siemann & Co, Munich - Regensburg" with 45 registers (including transmissions ), distributed over three manuals and pedal .

After the church was damaged as a result of a bomb hit at the end of the Second World War, the organ builder Michael Weise ( Plattling ) rebuilt the organ with slight additions and alterations until 1948: for example, Weise added the open contrabass 32 'in the prospectus and exchanged the flutes 8' -Register in positive and swell, converted the third of the swell to a pointed fifth for the positive and the sesquial tera of the positive to the third for the swell, added the pedal to a closed 8 'register and reeds in 8' and 4 ' Lage and added a Cornett III-V in the main work.

In 1961, the organ builder Friedrich Meier built another organ above the east portal; this so-called portal work has 9 registers and was initially playable from the first manual of the old console of the main organ. In 1985 the organ was overhauled again and received a new, four-manual console with a 72- set system . The portal organ can be played there from the fourth manual. A comprehensive renovation of the Siemann organ and redesign of the Meier organ by the company Mühleisen, Leonberg began in spring 2018. In the course of this work, the Meier organ, which will be used as a choir organ, was provided with a sill and the technology of both organ works was updated - including the new three-manual gaming table from FSB. The organ system was inaugurated again on December 16, 2018 by Rudolf Voderholzer .

I main work C – a 3
Bourdon 16 ′
Far principal 8th'
Hollow flute 8th'
Gemshorn 8th'
Dulciana 8th'
Octav 4 ′
Night horn 4 ′
Open fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Octav 2 ′
Cornet III-V 8th'
Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Trumpet 8th'
Clairon 4 ′
II Positive C – a 3
Viola di gamba 8th'
Singing dumped 8th'
Reed flute 8th'
Violin principal 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
Octavine 2 ′
Sesquialtera II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Scharff III 1'
Krummhorn 8th'
III Swell C – a 3
Quintadena 16 ′
Horn principal 8th'
Distance flute 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Unda Maris 8th'
It. Principal 4 ′
recorder 4 ′
Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Field flute 2 ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Small octave 1'
Echomix IV 2 ′
Rankett 16 ′
German oboe 8th'
Tremulant
Choir organ A / BC-a 3
Principal 8th'
Viol 8th'
Tube bare 8th'
Octav 4 ′
Smalled up 4 ′
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Gemshorn 2 ′
Pedal (main organ) C – f 1
Contrabass 32 ′
Principal 16 ′
Sub bass 16 ′
Bourdon Bass 16 ′
Octavbass 8th'
Dacked bass 8th'
Jubilee flute 4 ′
Rauschpfeife IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
trombone 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
Clairon 4 ′

Pedal (choir organ) C – f 1
Pedestal 32 ′
Covered bass 16´
Principal 8th
Viol 8th
Tube bare 8th
Choral bass 4 ′
  • Coupling : All normal and octave coupling, 10 free coupling
  • Secondary register: tremulant for man. III
  • Playing aids : u. a. Crescendo roller , swell kicks for swell and choir organ, crescendo off, general reeds off, mixtures off, tutti on / off, register fetter , key fetter for each keyboard, control system " Sinua Castellan", midi recording and playback function, free assignment of all works to each keyboard
  • Remarks:
  1. ↑ a b c d e 1948 way
  2. ↑ a b 2018 reconstructed using the original pipework.
  3. ↑ 2018 Reconstructed using existing tones
  4. ↑ pipework to a 4 expanded
  5. ↑ a b c d e 2018 partially reconstructed
  6. ↑ 2018 compiled from discontinued cymbals
  7. ↑ 2018 converted to single tone control, with multiple registration options for each register. Sub- and super-coupling partially programmed from corresponding registers
  8. ↑ 2018 new
  9. ↑ 2018 new from a former mixture
  10. ↑ Extension contrabass, register Siemanns away
  11. ↑ Wind reduction Subbass 16 ′.
  12. ↑ in the sill of the choir organ
  13. ↑ 2018 new, acoustically from covered bass 16´
  14. ↑ a b c Transmission

The interim organ, which previously served in the emergency church and later in the former Wolfgangssaal, was sold to Immenreuth and is no longer available there today.

Bells

The main bell of the church was cast in 1947 by the Johann Hahn bell foundry in Landshut . To set up the five-part bell, the tower had to be raised by 3.50 m. The tone sequence h 0 d 1 e 1 g 1 a 1 gives the intonation of the Gloria and Te Deum . Due to the post-war hardship, the new parish priest Georg Lacher had to beg for the necessary material himself and deliver eight “loads of charcoal” for the operation of the furnace. So the bells could be made of high quality bronze , consist of 78% copper and 22% tin. The pure casting costs were DM 2,452  . The bells were consecrated on September 18, 1947.

A sixth bell, the "little death of the valley", hangs and hung in front of it in the roof turret. It comes from the chapel of the former Lazerus cemetery and was cast by Josef Anton Spannagl in Regensburg in 1833 and already served in the emergency church.

The Mary's bell rings three times a day to the angel of the Lord and sounds at the quarter hour strike, the Christ bell counts the full hours. The bell ringing machines can be activated manually or, since 2005, via the bell computer.

No.
  		Surname
  		Mass
(kg) 		Chime
  		Ø
(mm) 		Casting year
  		Bell caster
 
1 Christ bell 2700 h 0 1620 1947 Johann Hahn, Landshut
2 Marienbell 1400 d 1 1330 1947 Johann Hahn, Landshut
3 Wolfgang Bell 500 e 1 1180 1947 Johann Hahn, Landshut
4th Michael's Bell 500 g 1 980 1947 Johann Hahn, Landshut
5 George Bell 350 a 1 880 1947 Johann Hahn, Landshut
6th Death bells 300 b 1 750 1833 Josef Anton Spannagl, Regensburg

Parish home

Parish hall from the north

Even in Dominikus Böhm's original designs, which were never implemented, a parish hall was planned on the west side of the church. Later the Hemmaheim of the Catholic youth welfare was built on this site. When the home received a new building elsewhere, the way was clear to build a parish home. The contract was awarded to Peter Boehm , a grandson of the original architect. He had the outer walls made of exposed concrete with raised joints. The interior is made of untreated stone and wood. The artistic equipment was carried out by Bernd Michael Nestler. The part of the building was inaugurated on March 8, 1998 by Manfred Müller .

Web links

Commons : St. Wolfgang  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Herbert Muck: Liturgical concerns and religious values ​​in the spatial planning by D. Böhm; in: August Hoff, Herbert Muck, Raimund Thoma: Dominikus Böhm. Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1962, p. 35 f.
  2. ^ Rudolf Seibold: Dominikus Böhm. Published by the market town of Jettingen-Scheppach. Günzburg 1984, p. 78.
  3. ↑ Silvia Codreanu-Windauer : Kumpfmühl in Roman times . In: Parish St. Wolfgang et al (Ed.): A district writes history: Regensburg-Kumpfmühl . Pustet, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7917-2198-9 , pp. 49 ff . (Editors: Hubert Wartner & Hermann Reidel).
  4. ^ A b Hermann Reidel: St. Wolfgang Regensburg-Kumpfmühl. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7954-4861-5 .
  5. ↑ a b Alois Möstl: Memories in Kumpfmühl. Catholic parish office of St. Wolfgang, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-00-001641-4 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Alois Möstl in: Parish of St. Wolfgang, Parish of St. Johannes, Werbegemeinschaft Kumpfmühl (ed.): A district writes history. Regensburg-Kumpfmühl 79 1009 2009 . Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7917-2198-9 , pages 339-358.
  7. ↑ August Hoff, Herbert Muck, Raimund Thoma: Dominikus Böhm. Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1962, p. 371.
  8. ^ Parish archives St. Wolfgang: Copy of the scroll in the foundation stone
  9. ^ Regensburger Anzeiger of June 27, 1938
  10. ↑ Chiselled inscription on the west side of the stone
  11. ^ "From the diocese" in Regensburger diocese newspaper . 14th year, March 31, 1940.
  12. ^ Peter Schmoll: Air raid. MZ Buchverlag Regensburg 1995, ISBN 3-927529-12-5 , p. 168.
  13. ^ Peter Schmoll in: Der Vitusbach Peter Morsbach, Regensburg 3/2014. ISBN 978-3-937527-75-8 .
  14. ↑ Mittelbayerische Zeitung of June 14, 1949, p. 7. online on Digipress , accessed on April 26, 2019
  15. ↑ During the organ renovation, the pipe engravings were checked again: "S2" for "Sesquialtera 2nd choir" on pipes of the third register in the swell and "third" on the pipes of the pointed fifth.
  16. ^ Correspondence between pastor Lacher and organ builder Michael Weise; Parish archive St. Wolfgang, Regensburg Folder 204-11, 201-15, 206-1.
  17. ^ Certificate of organ expert Eberhard Kraus November 21, 1984; ibid.
  18. ↑ Recording of the data on site by the user Violon16.
  19. ↑ Report in the Mittelbayerische Zeitung : God's praise with fresh tones from December 18, 2018, vol. 74, no. 291, p. 31
  20. ^ Parish archives St. Wolfgang, Regensburg
  21. ^ Johann Babtist Blas, Karl Stehbach, in: 50 Years of the Herz-Jesu-Kirche Immenreuth 1935–1985. Parish council, Immenreuth 1985, p. 41, p. 63.
  22. ^ Alois Möstl: The parish of St. Wolfgang . In: Parish St. Wolfgang et al (Ed.): A district writes history: Regensburg-Kumpfmühl . Pustet, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7917-2198-9 , pp. 352 (Editing: Hubert Wartner & Hermann Reidel).
  23. ^ Alois Möstl: The parish of St. Wolfgang . In: Parish St. Wolfgang et al (Ed.): A district writes history: Regensburg-Kumpfmühl . Pustet, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7917-2198-9 , pp. 353 (Editing: Hubert Wartner & Hermann Reidel).
  24. ^ Alois Möstl: The parish of St. Wolfgang . In: Parish St. Wolfgang et al (Ed.): A district writes history: Regensburg-Kumpfmühl . Pustet, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7917-2198-9 , pp. 354 (Editing: Hubert Wartner & Hermann Reidel).

Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 24.1 ″  N , 12 ° 4 ′ 56 ″  E