Stebbach
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Stebbach
community Gemmingen
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| Height : | 208 m |
| Area : | 7.95 km² |
| Residents : | 1497 (2018) |
| Population density : | 188 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1974 |
| Postal code : | 75050 |
| Area code : | 07267 |
Stebbach is a village in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg , which has belonged to Gemmingen since January 1, 1974 .
geography
Stebbach is located in the Kraichgau in northern Baden-Württemberg. The place was once part of the former Gartachgau , a region that was predominantly populated in Franconian times along the Leins , a tributary of the Neckar . The place is about five kilometers east of Eppingen at an altitude of about 200 meters.
history
Half of the place Stebbach with Streichenberg Castle was when it was first mentioned in a document in 1311 as a Palatine fiefdom of the Lords of Gemmingen , who had their ancestral home in neighboring Gemmingen . Later the feudal holders were the lords of Mentzingen , Angelach and Neipperg . The other half of the village was a former accessory of the Steinsberg fiefdom of the Counts of Öttingen for the lords of Gemmingen. The castle Streichenberg was Hans von Gemmingen (1235 mentioned bailiff in Sinsheim ) and one of his sons in the district rooms built where an old had been carried out by Gemmingen expanding settlement.
Since 1520 the sole ownership was with the Electoral Palatinate , which means that the residents of Stebbach had to change faith ten times between 1525 and 1648 as a result of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation . The Palatinate gave the place to the Raugrafen (descendants of Marie Luise zu Pfalz ) in 1670 , before their successors, the Counts of Degenfeld-Schonburg , settled here in 1733 and built Schomberg Castle near the castle in 1820 . Stebbach came to the Principality of Leiningen in 1803 , which became part of the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806 .
The Jewish community of Stebbach , which was temporarily important, had existed in Stebbach since the 18th century and comprised around 65 people in 1809 and around 75 in 1825, and thus more than 10% of the population. A synagogue existed from around 1800 and was expanded in 1829. As in Gemmingen and other places in the area, the size of the community gradually decreased due to emigration and emigration from the second half of the 19th century. In 1875 there were 42 people, in 1900 there were ten. In 1915 the Jewish community in Stebbach consisted of two women, whereupon the religious community was dissolved by the Baden State Ministry on January 23, 1915. The synagogue was demolished in 1947/48 due to its dilapidation.
On January 1, 1925, the district of Streichenberg, which goes back to the deserted rooms and in modern times only consists of Castle Streichenberg and Schomberg Castle, was incorporated into Stebbach. In 1939 there were 536 inhabitants, at the end of 1945 there were 625. In 1952 a central water supply for Stebbach and Gemmingen was built.
In 1961, Stebbach became a “model village” for redevelopment and land consolidation . The redevelopment of the site meant demolition of most of the typical buildings in the center of the town; in retrospect, the architectural design of the current town center is viewed as unfavorable and not very identifying. Later attempts were made to counteract the unfavorable and insensitive redesign of the site with measures such as the reconstruction and reopening of the historic school building or the redesign of the church forecourt.
On January 1, 1974, Stebbach was incorporated into Gemmingen. On December 31, 2003, 1496 inhabitants were counted.
Attractions
- North of Stebbach is on a spur in the Middle Ages by the masters of Gemmingen built Burg Streichenberg that after several changes of ownership 1670 in the possession of the raugraves or the counts of Degen field Schonenburg reached from which a grave laying in the cemetery of Stebbach is located.
- To the west of the castle is the classicistic Schomberg Castle , which the Counts of Degenfeld-Schonburg built from 1820 and is still used as a residence by them today. To the south of the castle is the associated farm yard. A little further southeast of the castle and palace is the historic Streichenberger Mühle.
- The Protestant church is located on the Kirchberg, above the historic center of Stebbach, which has largely given way to a modern village square.
- The historic town hall of the place , built in 1755 under mayor Johann Jakob Lörz of architect Johann Christoph Feihl from Stetten (Heuchelberg) as the neighboring historic inn Roessle a half-timbered building in the Franconian half-timbered style.
- The village renovation of the 1960s and 1970s has otherwise only survived very few historical buildings in the village. The few other historical buildings include the former rent office building, which is now used as a school , the Christofel house from 1854 in Schulstrasse 8, which is left over from a Franconian courtyard, and the last residential stable house on site, House Meyer from 1906 in Hauptstrasse 7. In addition, the outside announces the village situated tobacco Schopf of the former importance of tobacco farming in the region.
Streichenberg Castle
Schomberg Castle
Protestant church
traffic
Stebbach is located directly on the B 293 from Heilbronn to Karlsruhe . A stop on the Kraichgau Railway, which is served by the Heilbronn Stadtbahn , is located in the main town of Gemmingen, two kilometers away. The section of the A 6 from Heilbronn to Mannheim runs further north of the town, driveways are 12 and 16 kilometers away.
Personalities
- Michael Kahn (1798–1861), founder of the Mannheim bed spring factory
- Bernhard Kahn (1827–1905), entrepreneur and banker in Mannheim
- Jakob Burkhard (1842–1925), farmer and mayor in Stebbach, member of the Baden state parliament from 1899 to 1908
- Jonas Eisinger (1844–1914), counselor, became an honorary citizen of Stebbach in 1912. However, his honorary citizenship was revoked in 1936 because of his Jewish faith. He was followed by the Nazi Gauleiter of Baden, Robert Wagner , as an honorary citizen, who was deprived of the award in 1946.
- Hermann Wolf (born November 4, 1862 in Stebbach; † October 14, 1926 in Heilbronn), shoe manufacturer ( Wolko shoe factory )
- Hermann Schäufele (1906–1977), Archbishop of Freiburg, born in Stebbach
- Hank Häberle (1957–2007), country singer, died in Stebbach
literature
- Ulrich Kopp: The Kraichgaugemeinde Gemmingen. A description of the place at the turn of the millennium . Ed .: Gemmingen Community, Gemmingen 2000, ISBN 3-00-007335-3
- Wolfgang Ehret: Village of Stebbach and Castle Streichenberg , Gemmingen-Stebbach 1997
- Roland Heinzmann: Stebbach, for the rehabilitation of a Kraichgau community . In: Kraichgau, contributions to landscape and local history , volume 4, Sinsheim 1974/75
- Günter P. Fehring, Dietrich Lutz: Archaeological excavations in the area of the deserted village rooms in the district of Stebbach, Sinsheim district . In: Oberrheinische Studien , Volume 1, Bretten 1970, pp. 357-374
Individual evidence
- ↑ Communications from the Württ. And Bad. State Statistical Office No. 2: Results of the population census on December 31, 1945 in North Baden
- ↑ Kopp 2000, pp. 28-30 and 75-78.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 465 .
- ^ Wolfram Angerbauer , Hans Georg Frank: Jewish communities in the district and city of Heilbronn . Heilbronn district, Heilbronn 1986. p. 221 ff., P. 299 ff.
- ^ City of Heilbronn (ed.): Address book of the city of Heilbronn 1950 , Heilbronn 1950, p. 92.
