Stefan Andres

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Memorial plaque on Stefan Andres' birthplace

Stefan Paul Andres (born June 26, 1906 in Trittenheim , district Dhrönchen, † June 29, 1970 in Rome ) was a German writer . Andres, a member of Bamberg's circle of poets , was one of the most widely read German authors in the 1950s and 1960s. His best known works are the novellas El Greco paints the Grand Inquisitor (1936) and Wir sind Utopia (1942).

Life

Youth and Studies

Stefan Andres Fountain in Schweich
Stefan-Andres-Realschule in Unkel

Andres was the ninth child of the miller Stefan Andres and grew up in the Breitwiesmühle near Dhrönchen on the Moselle for the first four years of his life . In 1910 the family moved to Schweich because they had to give up their mill because of the construction of the Dhrontalsperre . Andres attended the Collegium Josephinum grammar school belonging to the Redemptorist Order , which had its seat in Vaals before the First World War .

In the autumn of 1920 the convent student left the college on the advice of his superiors as a sub- tertiary and in 1921 began nursing with the Brothers of Mercy from Maria Hilf in Trier . A short time later, however, he turned to the poor brothers of St. Francis near Aachen (April 23, 1921 to 1924). During this time Andres' first dramatic attempts were made.

Even the poor brothers did not offer him a permanent home and so Andres prepared in Neuss in 1925/26 for the teacher examination, which he passed on March 17, 1926. Meanwhile, he lived in Dormagen and worked outside of the exam preparation at a closed institution for welfare children. He tried the monastic life one more time and entered the novitiate of the Capuchin Order on Inrath (since September 1926).

At the beginning of January 1928 he took over the editing of the Catholic monthly magazine Der Marienborn , in which he published his first stories. The Bischöfliches Konvikt zu Bensheim offered him the opportunity to teach as a Latin teacher; at the same time he was able to prepare for the Abitur, which he finally passed in February 1929. He returned to his parents' house and the decision was made to no longer fixate on the goal of theology.

He began studying German , art history and philosophy , first at the University of Cologne , then at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena , where he met his future wife, the medical student Dorothee Freudiger, and finally at the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin , today's Humboldt University in Berlin . After his book Brother Lucifer was published and was rewarded with a scholarship from the Abraham Lincoln Foundation , Andres realized his dream of a trip to Italy in 1932 and decided not to obtain an academic degree.

Freelance writer

From 1933, Andres devoted himself entirely to writing. However , the young author found it difficult to gain a foothold in National Socialist Germany. After the National Socialists came to power, he interrupted a job at the Kölner Rundfunk and retired with his Jewish wife to Positano in Italy in the spring of 1933 . Both returned for a short time before Andres was fired from the radio in 1935. In 1937 he and his family finally moved to Positano via Munich . Despite the formation of the political axis Germany-Italy in 1938, Andres remained in internal emigration in Italy. He lived and worked in Positano until 1949. The city of Positano named the street on which he lived at the time (allegedly in house number 8), which can only be reached on foot, in 1990 via Stefan Andres .

Street sign in Positano

In 1950 the family returned and settled in Unkel . The Realschule and the Stefan-Andres-Platz in Unkel were named after him. In the year he returned to Germany, Andres received the Rhenish Literature Prize, which has been followed by other prestigious awards over the years. His works were published by Piper Verlag from 1949 (he had a close friendship with the publisher Klaus Piper ). In the post-war years, Andres took a public position on a number of historical and political questions. He took part in Easter marches against the stationing of US missiles in Germany and repeatedly spoke out against the arms race in essays and speeches . He campaigned for an understanding between East and West and for German reunification.

Andres returned to Italy in the autumn of 1961, an expression of his disappointment at the German situation, which did not correspond to his vision of a renewed Germany. During the Second Vatican Council Andres' house in Rome was a meeting place for literary and theological figures. Andres' last big trip took him to Asia and the Orient in 1968. He died on June 29, 1970 in Rome as a result of an operation. Like his wife, who died in 2002, he was buried in the Campo Santo Teutonico , the German cemetery in the Vatican .

Grave of Stefan and Dorothee Andres on the Campo Santo Teutonico

His estate is in the German Literature Archive in Marbach . The Stefan Andres Society has endeavored to keep the poet in memory since 1979 through regular events, conferences, readings and discussions. Every three years since 1986 it has awarded the Stefan Andres Prize of the city of Schweich. The winners include Arnold Stadler and Christoph Hein .

plant

Andres' works were regularly on the bestseller lists in Germany ; the total circulation of his books reached several million. Several of his works have been filmed, We are Utopia alone four times. Stefan Andres' dramas were part of the standard repertoire of the German stage.

Andres expresses a form of Christian existentialism in his works ; his main theme is how people cope with life between freedom and guilt, mostly under the conditions of dictatorship and fanaticism, often depicted in material from antiquity and mythology . His Christianity is shaped by a humanistic , ultimately Neoplatonic and undogmatic interpretation of the faith.

His best known works are the novellas El Greco paints the Grand Inquisitor and Wir sind Utopia . In the first novella, the painter El Greco , who lives in Toledo, is ordered to Seville by the Grand Inquisitor Guevara to portray him. While working on the picture, the cardinal falls critically ill, and El Greco's friend, the doctor Cazalla, saves him, even though his brother fell victim to the Inquisition . Both the doctor and the painter remain true to their respective professional ethics in a free but agonizing decision : Cazalla refrains from killing the hated inquisitor, and El Greco does not paint his appearance, as requested, but as God commands , according to the artistic truth.

We are Utopia , too , varies Andres' theme of choosing between guilt and freedom. In the turmoil of the Spanish Civil War , an old monastery became a camp for prisoners of war. The sailor Paco, who left this monastery two decades ago and is now returning to his old cell, is brought in with other prisoners. The beautiful fantasy world Utopia, a dream from his years as a monk, reappears before him. When the camp commandant Pedro asked von Paco for absolution for his war crimes, Paco had the opportunity to murder the commandant and thus free his comrades. Paco decides to stay true to his vow once given and not to put himself on a level with the violent perpetrator.

Typical of Andres' style were turns of action, carefully applied imagery and a brief, straightforward language.

Awards and honors

Works

Novels

  • Holy homesickness. Original novel by Paulus Andres. Marienborn, Leipzig 1928/1929.
  • Brother lucifer. Diederichs, Jena 1932.
  • Eberhard in counterpoint. A novel. Staufen, Cologne 1933.
  • The invisible wall . Diederichs, Jena 1934.
  • The man from Asteri. Riemerschmidt, Berlin 1939.
  • The wedding of the enemies. Scientia, Zurich 1947.
  • Knight of Justice. Piper, Munich 1948.
  • The beast from below. Piper, Munich 1949.
  • The ark. Piper, Munich 1951.
  • The love swing. 1951.
  • The boy in the well. Piper, Munich 1953.
  • The trip to Portiuncula. Piper, Munich 1954.
  • The gray rainbow. Piper, Munich 1959.
  • The man in the fish. Piper, Munich 1963.
  • The pigeon tower. Piper, Munich 1966.
  • The stupid. Piper, Munich 1969.
  • The temptation of Synesius. Piper, Munich 1971.
  • The flood. Stefan Andre's works in individual editions. Edited by John Klapper. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2007.
  • Dance through the labyrinth - poetry, drama, radio play. Stefan Andre's works in individual editions. Edited by Claude D. Conter. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2012.

stories

  • The fairy tale in the Liebfrauendom. Five fairy tales for Marienkinder. Bohn, Leipzig 1928. (As Paulus Andres)
  • The little Klunk. Three stories. In: Munich Latest News, February 9, 1936, August 9, 1936, November 24, 1936.
  • El Greco paints the Grand Inquisitor . Narrative. List, Leipzig 1936.
  • From the holy Pfäfflein Domenico. Narrative. List, Leipzig 1936.
  • Utz, the descendant. Novella. Hausen, Saarlautern 1936.
  • Moselle novellas. (Includes The unbelievable journey of the boy Titus. , The masked. , The People thief. , Guests in paradise. , Canceling the dark. ) List, Leipzig 1937. (reprint 1949 as guests in paradise. Moselle novels. )
  • The grave of envy. Novellas. (Contains The Grave of Envy. , Hagia Moné. , The Olympic Peace. ) Riemerschmidt, Berlin 1940.
  • The frozen Dionysus. Narrative. Riemerschmidt, Berlin 1943. (New edition 1951 as Die Liebesschaukel. Roman. Piper, Munich)
  • We are utopia. Novella. Riemerschmidt, Berlin 1942.
  • Tavern to the wide world. Stories. (Contains Der Weg durch den Zwinger. , Summer Elegy. , Wirtshaus zur wide Welt. ) Diederichs, Jena 1943.
  • The golden grid. Narrative. Lüttke, Berlin 1943.
  • The houses on the cloud. Children's fairy tale. Middelhauve, Opladen 1950.
  • The face. Narrative. Piper, Munich 1951.
  • The revenge of the butterflies. A legend. Klemm, Freiburg i. Br. 1953.
  • Positano. Stories from a city by the sea. (Includes The two pharaohs. , The Feast of the fishermen. , Mozzo, my factotum. , The apartment of Sabenissimo. , My neighbor Michelino. , The holiday. , The sky shoes. , The healing sin of Don Gianino. , The large holiday. , Flora. , Terraces in the light. ) Piper, Munich 1957. (Italian edition Positano. Storie da una città sul mare , Amalfi, Edizione Mediterraneo 1991).
  • The defense of the Xanthippe. Twelve stories. (Contains The Dry Dock. , The Defense of the Xanthippe. , The Limping God. , The Black Lady. , The Detour via the Gallows. , “Ask for You!” , The Bridge of St. Esprit. , The Sin of Omission. , The Little One key. , driving with God, Lutka! , The table. , double the explosion. ) Piper, Munich 1960th
  • Novellas and short stories. (Contains El Greco paints the Grand Inquisitor. , The hooded ones. , The unbelievable journey of the boy Titus. , The grave of envy. , We are utopia. , Tavern to the wide world. , The face. , At the fountain of Hera. ) Piper, Munich 1962. ( No. 1 on the Spiegel bestseller list from August 8 to September 18 and from September 26 to October 16, 1962 )
  • The golden grid. Novellas and short stories II. (Includes The killer Bock. , The Golden Grid. , The People thief. , Guests in paradise. , The Olympic Truce. , The way through the kennel. , Revenge of the butterflies. , The two pharaohs. , Amelia. ) Piper, Munich 1964.
  • The biblical story. As told by Stefan Andres. Droemer, Munich and Zurich 1965
  • Noah and his children. 15 legends. Piper, Munich 1968
  • The big lie. Stories. (Contains the big lie. , Boat part for three. , The machine. ) Piper, Munich 1973.
  • Guests in paradise. Moselle novellas. Stefan Andre's works in individual editions. Edited by Hans Wagener. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2008.
  • Terraces in the light. Italian stories. Stefan Andre's works in individual editions. (In addition to the above-mentioned and in some cases already collectively published, it also contains some texts on Italy that were published in a scattered manner at the time, and some texts on Italy that were published here for the first time), edited by Dieter Richter. Wallstein, Göttingen 2009.
  • We are utopia. Prose from the years 1933 - 1945. Stefan Andres works in single editions. Edited by Erwin Rotermund and Heidrun Ehrke-Rotermund with the assistance of Thomas Hilsheimer. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2010.

Dramatic works

  • The eternal stream. Oratorio. Music by Wilhelm Maler . Schott, Mainz and Leipzig 1936.
  • Black rays. Chamber play. Bloch, Berlin 1938.
  • A heart as you need it. Play. Fischer, Stockholm and New York 1946.
  • The sons of Plato. Comedy. Bloch, Berlin 1946 (New edition in 1956 as The Tourists. A burlesque comedy. )
  • Dance through the maze. Dramatic poetry in five pictures. Piper, Munich 1948.
  • God's utopia. Tragedy. Bloch, Berlin 1949.
  • The reporter of God. An audio sequence in 10 chapters. Knecht, Frankfurt a. M. 1952.
  • When are the gods coming? Drama. Bloch, Berlin 1956.
  • Restricted areas. A German tragedy. Bloch, Berlin 1957.
  • Restricted areas. Radio play. Hans Bredow Institute, Hamburg 1959.
  • From the adventure of joy. Choral work. Music by Harald Genzmer . Schott, Mainz 1960.

Poetry

  • The lion pulpit. Staufen, Cologne 1933.
  • Requiem for a child. Ellermann, Hamburg 1948.
  • The pomegranate. Odes, poems, sonnets. Piper, Munich 1950. (Extended new edition 1976 as poems. )
  • Poems. Piper, Munich 1966.

Autobiographical and correspondence

  • Self-presentation. Autobiographical sketch. In: Confusion and Eternity. Witten (Württemberg) 1934.
  • An exchange of letters about Trier. Run between Stefan Andres and WB [= Wilhelm Bracht]. Trevirensia, Trier 1946.
  • Dear friend, dear informer. Letters. Piper, Munich 1977.
  • Correspondence with Ernst Jünger 1937–1970. Edited by Günther Nicolin. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart, 2007, ISBN 3-608-93664-5 .

Essays

  • Inner emigration. In: Inner Emigration. Edited by Willy Sternfeld. Leutze, Rudolstadt 1946.
  • To a state slave-builder. The case of Johannes R. Becher. in: The month 29/1951, p. 487 ff.
  • On the dignity of the writer. In: Deutsche Rundschau, 7/1954, p. 698 ff.
  • I believe in that. in: Kristall (Hamburg) 16/1955.
  • Picture and scale. in: What do you think of Christianity? Edited by Karlheinz Deschner . List 1957, p. 116 ff.
  • Tolerance. The bridge between truth and freedom. Oldenburg 1958.
  • Never again Hiroshima. Edited together with Helmut Gollwitzer u. a. Kaufmann, Lahr 1960.
  • July 20th. Deed and will. Klostermann, Frankfurt a. M. 1966.
  • The poet at that time. Speeches and essays. Piper, Munich 1974.

Travel and wine books

  • Italian. Luken & Luken, Berlin 1943 (New edition 1949 as dealing with Italians. Luken & Luken, Nuremberg)
  • Main Nahe (to) Rhine Ahrisches Saar Pfalz Moselle Lahnisches Weinpilgerbuch. Strüder, Neuwied 1951.
  • The great wines of Germany. Ullstein, Frankfurt a. M., Berlin / Vienna 1960.
  • Egyptian diary. Piper, Munich 1967.
  • The Moselle. With photos by Hermann Weisweiler. Greven, Cologne 1968.

literature

  • Clément André: Poetry in the Third Reich. Stefan Andres "The Ark". Bouvier, Bonn 1960 (= treatises on art, music and literature 10).
  • Edgar Baum: Language and style studies for the poetic prose work by Stefan Andres. Dissertation. University of Bonn 1959.
  • Sieghild von Blumenthal: Christianity and antiquity in the work of Stefan Andres. Kovac, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-86064-894-2 (= Poetica 37 series).
  • Karl Bongardt: Stefan Andres. Union, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-372-00354-3 (= series Christ in der Welt 72).
  • Michael Braun: Stefan Andres. Life and work. Bouvier, Bonn 1997, ISBN 3-416-02692-6 .
  • Michael Braun (Ed.): Stefan Andres. Contemporary witness of the 20th century. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1999, ISBN 3-631-34626-3 (= Trier studies on literature 32).
  • Eric Sigurd Gabe: Power and Religion. Analogy to the Third Reich in Stefan Andres' trilogy "The Flood". Lang, Bern a. a. 2000, ISBN 3-906765-47-4
  • Hans Henneke: Stefan Andres. An introduction to his work. Piper, Munich 1962
  • John Klapper: Stefan Andres. The Christian humanist as a critic of his time. Lang, Bern 1998, ISBN 3-906759-73-3 .
  • Uwe Klein: Stefan Andres. Internal emigration in Germany and in “exile”. Dissertation. University of Mainz 1990.
  • Christoph F. Lorenz: Andres, Stefan . In: Lexicon of Science Fiction Literature since 1900. With a look at Eastern Europe , edited by Christoph F. Lorenz, Peter Lang, Frankfurt / Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-63167-236-5 , pp. 199–204
  • Marcel Reich-Ranicki : Noble people - information about Stefan Andres' new novel "Der Taubenturm". Review. In: Die Zeit , December 2, 1966 (No. 49), p. 55. See also gloss by MR-R .: Do you ask Reich-Ranicki - Stefan Andres wrongly forgotten? . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung , July 10, 2005 (No. 27), p. 26.
  • Christoph Schmitt:  Andres, Stefan Paul. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 18, Bautz, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7 , Sp. 64-70.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Utopia and world experience. Stefan Andres and his work in memory of his friends. Piper, Munich 1972, ISBN 3-492-01935-8 .
  • Hans Wagener : Stefan Andres. Colloquium, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-7678-0366-6 (= heads of the 20th century 77).
  • Karl Günter Werber : The relationship between personal development and time experience in the work of Stefan Andres. Dissertation. University of Bonn 1959.
  • Saved and at the same time devoured by shame - new approaches to the literature of “Inner Emigration”. Published for the Stefan-Andres-Gesellschaft, Werner Bergengruen-Gesellschaft, Elisabeth Langgässer-Gesellschaft, Gertrud von le Fort-Gesellschaft by Michael Braun and Georg Guntermann with the assistance of Christiane Gandner. International symposium on the occasion of the 100th birthday of Stefan Andres in the German Literature Archive Marbach am Neckar, June 30th - July 1st, 2006. Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 3-631-56740-5 (Trier Studies on Literature 48).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michaela Schmitz about Dorothee Andres: "Carpe Diem!" - My life with Stefan Andres. Bouvier Verlag 2009. on Deutschlandfunk from June 23, 2010.
  2. ↑ Christoph Schmitt:  Andres, Stefan Paul. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 18, Bautz, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7 , Sp. 64-70.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  3. ↑ AVA international - author portrait of Stefan Andres ( Memento from June 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Noble people ; Last accessed: November 15, 2014
  5. ↑ Stefan Andres - Forgotten wrongly ; Last accessed: November 15, 2014

Web links

Commons : Stefan Andres  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Andres, Stefan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Andres, Stefan Paul (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH June 26, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Kebab
DATE OF DEATH June 29, 1970
Place of death Rome