Ostrava tram
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| Basic information | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| city | Ostrava |
| opening | 1901 |
| operator | Dopravní podnik Ostrava (DPO) |
| Infrastructure | |
| Route length | 62.7 km |
| Gauge | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| business | |
| Lines | 17th |
The Ostrava tram has the third largest tram network in the Czech Republic (after Prague and Brno ). It is operated by Dopravní podnik Ostrava (Ostrava Public Transport Company; DPO).
In 2016, the Ostrava tram operated a route network with a length of 62.7 kilometers and a track width of 1435 mm. 17 lines operated on it, including 15 day lines (1-12, 14, 15, 17) and two night lines (18, 19), over a line length of 230.3 kilometers.
history
The emergence of the standard-gauge tram network
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As in other cities, the main reason for building the tram was the three-kilometer distance between the city center and the train station (in the Přívoz district ). Although horse busses were already running on this route , they were no longer sufficient for the developing small town. In 1882, the mayor of Moravská Ostrava (German: Mährisch Ostrau) Anton Lux offered a concession for the construction of a standard-gauge steam train, which should run from the inn "Amgrün Baum" (today Hotel Palace) to the main train station in Přívoz. Although a secure return was to be expected and a rough plan was drawn up, the project was not implemented.
On August 18, 1894 (thanks to the Viennese businessman Julius Mordern) the first steam tram line from the train station through Moravská Ostrava to Vítkovice was opened. The transport company was owned by the Brno Local Railway Company (BLEG). Four locomotives, 15 passenger cars and 6 freight cars were used on the route. The maximum speed outside the localities was 15 km / h and in the local areas 10 km / h, the travel time for the entire route was 42 minutes. The first expansion of the network took place two years later, when a branch to the Reichsbrücke (Říšský most, today: Most Miloše Sýkory) was opened. In 1899 operations began on the Moravská Ostrava - Lhotka - Hulváky line.
In 1897 the company Ganz & Co. built an electrotechnical plant in Moravská Ostrava, later called Moravskoostravské elektrářské akciové společnosti . Immediately afterwards, a concept for the electrification of the two lines was presented. Regular passenger traffic with 15 electric trams began on May 1, 1901.
A total of 23 wagons and 12 tram locomotives were used in steam operation, some of which were still in operation until 1922, from when electric locomotives were used for freight trains. The first 15 electric tram cars were produced by the Kasimir Lipiński machine and wagon factory in Sanok , Poland .
The first half of the 20th century
The tram network was gradually expanded - in 1907 even by two routes, one to Svinov (extension of Hulváky), the second between Mariánské Hory ( Zištova Street ) and Vítkovice. Line markings are used for the first time in 1908:
- Přívoz train station ↔ Vítkovice factory hotel
- Ostravice Bridge ↔ Svinov
- Zištova Street ↔ Vítkovice Factory Hotel
On August 1, 1911, the name and headquarters of the Brno Local Railway Company BLEG were changed to Moravskoostravské místní dráhy (German: Moravian Local Railways) based in Moravská Ostrava (in 1920 the company name was changed again to Společnost moravských místních drah SMMD). At that time, the Ostrava region had the largest number of tram companies in all of what was then Czechoslovakia . Just like a standard-gauge tram network in Ostrava, a meter-gauge overland tram network grew east of the city . Therefore, a new line was built in the south of Moravská Ostrava to overlap with the narrow-gauge network.
Since the beginning of the 1920s, the double-track expansion of the busiest sections began. During this period, several new routes were built, for example in the direction of Vítkovice to Městske lázně (city baths) or to Zábřeh. A new depot in Moravská Ostrava was also built on Křivá Street. In 1926 the electrification of the Svinov - Klimkovice line was completed, which was built as a railway line in 1911 and was bought by SMMD in the 1920s.
The fleet of cars was constantly being expanded. Vehicles from the Kopřivnice wagon factory and the Královopolské strojírny (KPS) in Brno came to Ostrava . From 1922 to 1932, SMMD built 16 railcars and 12 trailer cars in its own workshop.
The Vitkovice Local Railway (VZD)
In 1913, the standard gauge local railway Vítkovice ↔ Zábřeh was opened with a length of 3.9 kilometers. Your starting point was in front of the ironworks in Vitkovice. The ironworks (later Vítkovické horní a hutní těžířstvo - VHHT) also carried the traffic on the route. The line was mainly used for freight traffic from the sand pit in Zábřeh to the ironworks, and a 667 meter long siding branched off to the brickworks in Zábřeh. The route was also used for passenger traffic.
The line was opened on July 3, 1913. In 1930 the branch from Zábřeh to Hrabová was built and in 1934 the line was electrified. Electrical operation began on March 29, 1934. In 1948 the VZD network was expanded to Hrabová Ščučí. The Vítkovice ironworks operated this network until 1953, when on July 1st this line was incorporated into the Dopravní podnik Ostrava as the last of the local railways in the region . The section in Zábřeh from the post office to the sand pit was closed on October 1, 1964.
In the early years steam railway passengers was not only in conventional trains with steam engine at the top, but also in steam railcar of the type Komarek (hence the popular name Komarek for the lines of ZD). In 1922, three railcars of this type of tram were purchased from the manufacturer Vagónka Studénka . Another railcar was added in 1931, followed in 1934 by the classic electric tram railcar, built based on the Viennese model. Up to 1954, a total of 16 of these railcars and trailer cars were built in the VHHT's own workshops.
Second World War
The Munich Agreement changed the borders of Czechoslovakia in 1938, most of which Ostrava had to cede to Germany and Poland . The new frontier was now the Oder . The tram line from Svinov to Klimkovice had to be closed (traffic resumed during the war in 1941). The SMMD was renamed the German MLEG. During this time there were only minor new lines: from Zábřeh to the barracks in the Bělský les forest.
Time of socialism
On January 3, 1947, the general assembly of the SMMD decided to liquidate the company and transfer ownership to the city of Ostrava. In May 1949 the Dopravní podniky města Ostravy was founded retroactively to January 1, 1949 . The basis of the company was the former SMMD. The local railway to Vitkovice (VZD) (four years later) and the narrow-gauge railways around Ostrava were also included in the transport company. After the war, the Ostrava-Svinov-Kyjovice-Budišovice railway line, which was built in 1926, was electrified. In the early 1950s new housing estates were built (especially in Zábřeh), which created new transport needs. First, a bus shuttle was set up, which was later replaced by a regular tram connection. In 1950 the Petřkovice - Hlučín railway line was integrated into the tram network. By July 1953, the entire normal and narrow-gauge tram network was united under the roof of the DPO.
In connection with the construction of the Nová Huť Klementa Gottwalda (NHKG) it became necessary to build a tram line to transport the workers. The first section was completed in 1953, the second a year later. The new standard-gauge line was not linked to other lines because the narrow-gauge overland railways still ran between Hranečník and Výstaviště. Therefore, the latter was changed to standard gauge, the first track was standard gauge in 1955, the second four years later.
Another new settlement that had to be developed was the socialist city of Poruba. The line was built in several stages: On December 19, 1958, operations to the Pustkovecká stop began , and on April 3, 1960, the entire line was put into operation together with the Poruba depot.
In the mid-1960s, the construction of the ČSD marshalling yard Polanecká made it necessary to redesign the network in the Zábřeh area, the old lines were interrupted and bypasses had to be built. The first effect was the closure of the line to Pískovým dolům and from Mírového náměstí in Vitkovice via Jeremenkovu and Lidickou to the Vitkovice ironworks stadium.
From 1943 to 1951, KPS delivered 30 railcars for the renewal of the rolling stock, another 19 were taken over from Prague . When the line to Vítkovice was integrated into the DPMO, the transport company took over 16 multiple units (from 1934 to 1953) and 19 sidecars (1922–1953) from VZD. As early as 1955, the first Tatra T1 trains (a total of 44 cars and one originally from Košice ) were delivered to Ostrava. This was followed by 100 Tatra T2 lifts (and six from Ústí nad Labem ) and 98 of the legendary Tatra T3 type (and one from Prague). Two prototypes of the articulated railcar Tatra K1 from the years 1965 to 1968 remained unique . Only a small number of articulated railcars Tatra K2 were purchased in Ostrava (8 copies).
1970s and 1980s
The new central workshop in Martinov was connected to the track network on July 15, 1969 (since August 1, 1970 until today on the Martinov loop ). In the following two decades, routes to new residential areas were primarily built, such as the route to Dubin (1985) and the connection between the post office and the water tower in Zábřeh (1987). In contrast, some lines were closed (for example from the Edison cinema to Hrabov or the former railway lines to Klimkovice in 1977 and Hlučín in 1982). In 1972 the transport of goods was stopped.
In the 1980s, two Tatra K2 YU railcars and 127 Tatra T3 SUCS railcars were delivered, so that the T1 type railways could be retired.
Since 1990
The most noticeable change in the Ostrava tram as a result of the Velvet Revolution and the change in socio-economic conditions was the change in the paintwork from red and cream to white, blue and yellow. The 1990s brought both an improvement in public transport in Ostrava and the halt to the construction of new tram lines. That changed in 1999 when the last section of the route along Místecká Street was opened. In 2001, the city's electric tram celebrated its centenary.
The first three-part articulated railcar Tatra KT8D5 was delivered to Ostrava as early as 1989, and a year later another 15 railways of this type followed. From 1994 to 1998 38 Tatra T6A5 ropeways were purchased. 14 Škoda 03T low-floor trams were acquired between 1998 and 2001 . 9 Inekon 01 Trio trams followed in the years 2002 to 2004. Since 2005, the old T3 trams have been successively replaced by new low-floor Vario LF trams .
Depots
Moravská Ostrava depot
This depot is located on Křivá Street and is often named after it. It was built between 1928 and 1929 and commissioned on December 5, 1929. It was not continuously passable as only two-way railways were used in Ostrava . Its capacity was 100 cars that could be parked on ten 100-meter-long tracks.
Between 1948 and 1954, the depot was expanded by four additional tracks under a wooden roof. This shed was destroyed in a fire in 1967. The roof over the four tracks was not rebuilt until 1992. After the crackdown on the Prague Spring , the building's condition gradually deteriorated. It was therefore renovated between 1999 and 2001. Part of this reconstruction was the extension of the covered sidings.
Poruba depot
This depot is located in the Poruba district on Opavská Street. The new depot was built to provide additional storage space for the new Tatra T1 trams, and these trams also needed more modern equipment.
Construction of the depot began in 1955, service began in 1960 and all buildings were completed in 1962. The depot was passable and had a total of 24 tracks. Its capacity was officially stated as 192 cars, but this figure also takes into account repair tracks and other service tracks. After the depot was completed, the Tatra T-type trains were preferably parked here.
Fleet
The following types of trams are used in Ostrava:
| image | Type | Modifications and subtypes |
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Tatra T3 | Tatra T3SUCS, Tatra T3G, Tatra T3R.E, Tatra T3R.P, Tatra T3R.EV |
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Tatra K2 | Tatra K2G, Tatra K2P |
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Tatra KT8D5 | Tatra KT8D5R.N1 |
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Tatra T6A5 | |
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Škoda 03T | (Brand name Astra) |
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Inekon 01 Trio | |
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VV60LF | |
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Vario LF | |
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Vario LF2 | |
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Vario LF3 | |
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Vario LF3 / 2 | |
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Vario LF2 + | |
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oVA |
In January 2011, 272 cars were in passenger service. The company also owns some work vehicles.
In March 2014, 20 new vehicles were put out to tender. According to the 2014 / S 047-079356 tender, 10 railcars with a length of 16 meters and 10 railcars with a length of 23 meters (similar to Vario LF and Vario LF / 2) were to be procured. Requests to participate could be submitted until May 15, 2014. 40 Škoda trams have been ordered, the first to be delivered in September 2020.
Historic vehicles
Several historic Ostrava tram cars have been preserved. Some of them have remained in the possession of Dopravní podnik Ostrava (DPO), they are used in regular services when there is a shortage of wagons. Another car is in the Technical Museum in Brno , but this train has no drive.
In addition, in are Košice webs of the type Tatra T1 (no. 203) and obtain T2 (no. 219) from Ostrava (but not in the original state but restored as when used in Košice). A sidecar (No. 99) has been preserved in Olomouc .
Lines
This route has been valid since September 3, 2017:
| line | daily traffic |
Night traffic |
Line route |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | X | Hlavní nádraží - Náměstí Svatopluka Čecha - Muglinovská - Křižíkova - Důl Jindřich - Stodolní - Elektra - Karolina - Náměstí Republiky - Dr. Malého - Důl Hlubina - Vítkovice vysoké pece - Cesky dum - Důl Eremenko - colony Eremenko - Moravská - Dřevoprodej - Hrabůvka kostel - Poliklinika - Josefa Kotase - Antonína Poledníka - Václava Jiřikovského - Dubina | |
| 2 | X | X | Hlavní nádraží - Náměstí Svatopluka Čecha - Muglinovská - Křižíkova - Důl Jindřich - Stodolní - Elektra - Karolina - Náměstí Republiky - Dr. Malého - Důl Hlubina - Vítkovice vysoké pece - Mírové náměstí - Stará ocelárna - Ředitelství Vitkovič - Sports Arena - Karpatská - Horymírova - Obchodní centrum - Zábřeh vodárna - Kotva - Cinema Luna - 29.dubna - Nové Výškovice - Výškovice |
| 3 | X | Dubina - Václava Jiřikovského - Antonína Poledníka - Josefa Kotase - Poliklinika - Hrabůvka kostel - Provaznická - Jubilejní colony - stadium Městský - - Most Československé armády Sports Arena - Ředitelství Vitkovič - Stará ocelárna - Mírové náměstí - Pohraniční - Železárenská - Mariánské náměstí - Prostorná - Hulváky - Nová Ves vodárna - Svinov mosty hz - Zahrádky - Třebovická - Telekomunikační škola - Poruba vozovna | |
| 4th | X | X | Nová huť jižní brána - Nová huť hlavní brána - Nová huť učiliště - Vratimovská - Kunčičky kostel - Osada Míru - Teplotechna - Hranečník - Důl Záburek - U Hlavnístý - Republic of Náměměmístý - Míradístý - Republic of Náměměmístý - Karoljradi - Republic of Náměměmístý - Důměměmístý - Republic of Náměmístístý - Důměstýmůmístý - Republic of Náměměmístý - Důměmístýměměmístý - Republic of Náměměmístý - Důl Záburek - U Hlavní brána - Nová huť učiliště - Vratimovska Hulváky - Nová Ves vodárna - Svinov mosty hz - Zahrádky - Třebovická - Sokolovská - Čistírny - Bedřicha Nikodéma - Dílny DP Ostrava - Martinov |
| 5 | X | Vřesinská - Poruba koupaliště - Vřesina - Nová Plzeň - Krásné Pole - U Obory - Dolní Lhota - Dolní Lhota osada - Horní Lhota - Zátiší | |
| 6th | X | Výstaviště - Karolina - Náměstí Republiky - Dr. Malého - Vítkovice vysoké pece - Český dům - Důl Yeremenko - Yeremenko Colony - Nádraží Vítkovice - Most Mládeže - Kpt.Vajdy - Rodimcevova - Zábřeh vodárna - Kotva - Luna Cinema - 29dubna - Nové Výškovice | |
| 7th | X | X | Výškovice - Nové Výškovice - 29.dubna - Luna cinema - Kotva - Zábřeh vodárna - Obchodní centrum - Horymírova - Karpatská - Sport Aréna - Palkovského - Hulvácká - Ferona - Střelnice - Nová Ves vodárna ház - Telekomunikační škola - Poruba vozovna - Rektorát VŠB - Hlavní třída - Faculty nemocnice - Vřesinská |
| 8th | X | Hl.n. - Náměstí Svatopluka Čecha - Muglinovská - Křižíkova - Důl Jindřich - Stodolní - Elektra - Karolina - Náměstí Republiky - Krajský úřad - Dum energetiky - Mariánské náměstí - Prostorná - Hulváky - Nová Ves vodárna - Svinov mosty hz - Zahrádky - Třebovická - Telekomunikační škola - Poruba vozovna - VŠB Rektorát - Hlavní třída - nemocnice faculty - Vřesinská | |
| 9 | X | X |
Plynárny - Důl Jindřich - Stodolní - Elektra - Karolina - Náměstí Republiky - Krajský úřad - Dům energetiky - Mariánské náměstí - Prostorná - Hulváky - Nová Ves vodárna - Svinov mosty hz - Zahrebáčovíktor - Třovíkovíktor hzuba - Zahrebáčnáčná - Třovíkola Hzuba - Faculty nemocnice - Vřesinská
(Only some trips serve the Poruba vozovna ↔ Vřesinská section ) |
| 10 | X | Hranečník - Výstaviště - Karolina - Náměstí Republiky - Dr. Malého - Vítkovice vysoké pece - Důl Yeremenko - Dřevoprodej - Hrabůvka kostel - Polyclinic - Josefa Kotase - Antonína Poledníka - Václava Jiřikovského - Dubina | |
| 11 | X | X | Hlučínská - Důl Odra - Sad Boženy Němcové - Muglinovská - Křižíkova - Důl Jindřich - Stodolní - Elektra - Karolina - Náměstí Republiky - Krajský úřad - Dům energetiky - Dům energetiky - Ferstulské námornice - Prostáckána - Hům energetiky - Hlučínské námornice - Prostáckona - Hlučínské - Hlučínské - Hlučínské - Hlučínské - Dům energetiky - Hlučínska Sport Aréna - Městský stadion - Most Čs.armády - Nádraží Vítkovice - Most Mládeže - Kpt.Vajdy - Rodimcevova - Zábřeh vodárna - Kotva - Luna cinema - Svornosti - Zábřeh |
| 12 | X | Hranečník - Výstaviště - Karolina - Náměstí Republiky - Krajský úřad - Dum energetiky - Mariánské náměstí - Železárenská - Pohraniční - Mírové náměstí - Stará ocelárna - Ředitelství Vitkovič - Sports Arena - Městský stadion - Most Čs.armády - Nádraží Vítkovice - Most Mládeže - ÚMOb Jih - Hotelový dům Hlubina - Josefa Kotase - Antonína Poledníka - Václava Jiřikovského - Dubina | |
| 14th | X | Hlučínská - Důl Odra - Sad Boženy Němcové - Muglinovská - Důl Jindřich - Stodolní - Elektra - Výstaviště - Hranečník - Osada Míru - Vratimovská - Nová huť učiliště - Nová huť hlavní brána - Nová huť jižní brána | |
| 15th | X | Dubina - Václava Jiřikovského - Antonína Poledníka - Josefa Kotase - Hotelový dům Hlubina - ÚMOb Jih - Most Mládeže - Kpt.Vajdy - Rodimcevova - Zábřeh vodárna - Kotva - Cinema Luna - 29.dubna - Nové Výškovice - Výškovice | |
| 17th | X | Dubina - Václava Jiřikovského - Antonína Poledníka - Josefa Kotase - Hotelový dům Hlubina - ÚMOb Jih - Most Mládeže - Nádraží Vítkovice - Most Československé armády - Městský stadion - Městský stadion - Městský stadion - Novodáckána - Vesodováckána - Novodována - Vesodována - Vesodována - Vesodována - Vesodována - Vesodována - Vesodována - Vesodována - Vesodována vána - Novodářna vářna - Novodářna - Vesodována vána - Novodářna vána. Svinov mosty hz - Zahrádky - Třebovická - Telekomunikační škola - Poruba vozovna - Rektorát VŠB - Hlavní třída - nemocnice faculty - Vřesinská | |
| 18th | X | Hlavní nádraží - Náměstí Svatopluka Čecha - Muglinovská - Křižíkova - Důl Jindřich - Stodolní - Elektra - Karolina - Náměstí Republiky - Krajský úřad - Dům energetiky - Ferhoovéské - Dům energy - Novářské - Veshoánské návelnástice - Ferjovávána - Hávelnávávána - Hlavní - Hlavnástíké - Ferjovástíké - Ferhoovéké - Hlavní - Hlavní nádraží - Městský stadion - Most Čs.armády - Jubilejní colony - Provaznická - Hrabůvka kostel - Poliklinika - Josefa Kotase - Antonína Poledníka - Václava Jiřikovského - Dubina | |
| 19th | X | Dubina - Václava Jiřikovského - Antonína Poledníka - Josefa Kotase - Poliklinika - Hrabůvka kostel - Provaznická - Jubilejní kolonie - Most Československé armády - Městský stadion - Mariástský stadion - Sport Arénámáváná vítá vístávánáví - Sport Aréna vítávána vítá vítáváná vítávíství - Svinov mosty hz - Zahrádky - Třebovická - Sokolovská - Čistírny - Bedřicha Nikodéma - Dílny DP Ostrava - Martinov |
literature
- Gerhard Bauer: Trams in the Czech and Slovak Republics. From the horse tram to the Tatra carriage. The history of the tram company in words and pictures . Verlag für Verkehrsliteratur Bauer, Dresden 1995, ISBN 3-9804303-0-8 .
Web links
- Official website of Dopravního podniku města Ostravy (operator) (Czech, English, German)
- Ostrava tram: vehicles, routes, depots, extensive photo gallery (Czech)
- Public transport in Ostrava on the website of the organization SPVD (Czech Passenger Association) (Czech)
- Ostrava tram as seen from Pilsen (Czech)
- Route network map with the year of commissioning of the individual sections (Czech)
- A short article with photos of trams and the Vario LF3 (Czech)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Informace o dopravě v Ostravě 2016. Accessed on September 23, 2017 (Czech).
- ↑ a b c Jiří Boháček: Vídeňské tramvajové muzeum (PDF; 2.8 MB) Dopravní podnik Ostrava. Archived from the original on September 21, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
- ↑ Vehicle fleet . Dpo.cz. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ^ Announcement in the Official Journal of the European Union . ted.europa.eu. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
- ↑ Ostrava tram design revealed on metro-report.com accessed on August 8, 2019
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