Sunderburg

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Sunderburg
View of the tower hill from the southwest

View of the tower hill from the southwest

Creation time : Early or high medieval
Castle type : Hilltop castle, spur position, moth
Conservation status: Burgstall, tower hill, wall and moat remains
Place: Grafrath and Schöngeising
Geographical location 48 ° 7 '32.5 "  N , 11 ° 11' 25.8"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 7 '32.5 "  N , 11 ° 11' 25.8"  E
Height: 562  m above sea level NN
Sunderburg (Bavaria)
Sunderburg

The Sunderburg is an Outbound Spur castle from the type of a Turmhügelburg (moth) in the gorge between ampere Grafrath and Schoengeising in Fürstenfeldbruck district in Upper Bavaria . The Burgplatz, which was already settled during the Bronze Age , was used until the early or high Middle Ages .

Geographical location

The Sunderburg - referred to as "Schloßberg" on the map - is located in the young moraine area immediately south of the Amper between Schöngeising and Wildenroth on a spur of the terrain. The largely flat plateau is naturally protected in the north-west and east by steep slopes. The plateau of the main castle is about 40 meters above the river. To the southwest, the spur is secured by an arched section wall with two trenches . The plateau covers a total area of ​​around one hectare.

history

Archaeological excavations from 2003 to 2006 provided evidence that it was an early Bronze Age hilltop settlement (originated around 1800 - 1600 BC). In the Urnfield Period (around 1200 - 750 BC) the site was repopulated and reinforced. In the course of the subsequent Hallstatt period , the settlement was abandoned. In the High Middle Ages , a mighty moth was piled up in the north of the Geländesporn , which may be assigned to a ministerial castle of the Counts of Diessen-Andechs .

However, the altitude of the complex would be rather unusual for an early ministerial castle. Such high mediaeval service man's seats actually documented, through their location within the villages or in the valley, the unfree origin of the lords of the castle from the peasant population. Such a mighty tower hill above the valley would be more likely to be assigned to a dynast or noble lord.

Local tradition dates the high medieval castle as early as the 11th century. In fact, the layout of the Burgstall refers to the transition from the early to the high Middle Ages. In the southwest, a massive embankment in the form of a shield wall protects the small interior. The crest of the rampart is up to four meters above the north-sloping plateau, the outer wall is about seven meters high.

Whether this is the remainder of a tower hill or an arched section wall cannot be clearly determined. Perhaps the back of the main castle was excavated for the installation of an early modern (around 1500) hunting lodge belonging to the Wittelsbach family . In the interior there are remains of brick rubble, which could also go back to the hunting lodge, the existence of which is historically verifiable on the plateau. On Philipp Apian's "Bavarian country boards", the "Sündernburg" is marked with a schematic view of the hunting lodge.

The first documented mention of the castle stables comes from the year 1447. Actually only the main castle is called "Sunderburg". A planned archaeological investigation of the entire complex should provide important information about the time of the ramparts.

description

The southwestern rampart (looking northwest)
The main castle from the south
The wall crown of the main castle to the west

No wall remains of the castle complex have survived above ground. The relatively low section of fortification in the south of the Burgplatz is likely to be assigned to a pre-medieval fortification, but also shows evidence of an expansion in the early and high Middle Ages.

As a remnant of the presumed high medieval tower hill castle , an approximately seven meter high truncated cone has survived, which is not separated from the outer castle by a ditch . However, a wide depression up to two meters deep separates the castle areas.

The northern part of this truncated cone on the northern tip of the ramparts was excavated or was removed by earth flow. Schefzik (see lit.) interprets this earthwork as a section wall . Comparable, but considerably larger, castle complexes of this concept are usually classified as early medieval Hungarian fortifications. The archaeological investigation of the site, which is in preparation, will certainly enable a clearer classification.

North of the main castle, next to the driveway to, the remains of a double ditch running to the Amper can be seen. The rampart raised in between is about two meters high.

The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation lists the ground monument as a medieval castle stables or tower hill and hilltop settlement from the Bronze and Urnfield Ages under monument number D 1-7833-0031.

Say

The Sunderburg was popularly known as the Sunnenburg or Sonnenburg. According to legend, it is said to have been a castle of Count Rasso , in which Count Friedrich, his brother or son, lived. The castle eventually went under with treasure and residents. Once a farmer pushed in one of the broken glass that was often scattered about there. When it got home, it had turned to gold. But he found none when he went to get more. There should be two buckets of gold in the castle fountain, guarded by ghosts who cannot yet be banned. Meanwhile, the treasures are sinking deeper and deeper.

"Sacrificial Stones"

The so-called "sacrificial stones" are located about 250 meters southwest of the Sunderburg in a small hollow in the high forest . The ground monument is sometimes referred to as "blood stones". The two almost parallel, slightly reddish and furrowed stones are weathered limestone and sandstone . It is very likely that they were brought in during the worm ice age and exposed in the 19th century in search of limestone. The stones originally come from the Central Alps.

literature

  • Michael Schefzik: Schöngeising: The prehistoric hilltop settlement on the Schlossberg “Sunderburg” . In: Toni Drexler, Walter Irlinger, Rolf Marquardt (eds.): Fürstenfeldbruck district - archeology between Ammersee and Dachauer Moos . Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-2079-7 .
  • Hans H. Schmidt (Ed.): "Sunken castles" in the five-lake region between Ammersee and Isar - historical-archaeological reconstructions (working group for local history research in the Würm region). Gauting 2002.

Topographical survey

  • Volker Liedke, Peter Weinzierl: Fürstenfeldbruck district (Monuments in Bavaria, Volume I.12), p. 232. Munich, 1996. ISBN 3-87490-574-8

Web links

Commons : Sunderburg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation: Entry
  2. ↑ Alexander Schöppner : Sagenbuch der Bayerischen Lande. 3 vol. Munich 1852-1853. III, p. 232 = legend No. 1218 .
  3. ^ SZ: Well-traveled stones. The origins of minerals on the banks of the Amper. Interview with Christa Spangenberg. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. Munich, July 18, 1998. Munich-Land-Süd, p. 5.
  4. ↑ Stefan Salger: Gold in the well. There are legends and rumors about the Sunderburg. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. Munich, August 11, 2011. p. 13.