Burgstall Roggenstein
| Burgstall Roggenstein | ||
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 Burgstall Roggenstein - The Gothic Chapel of St. Georg |
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| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall, trenches | |
| Place: | Emmering | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 10 '44.9 " N , 11 ° 19' 14.5" E | |
| Height: | 550 m above sea level NN | |
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The Burgstall Roggenstein is a high mediaeval castle stable in the municipality of Emmering in the Fürstenfeldbruck district in Upper Bavaria . The St. Georg chapel and the former Meierhof, Gut Roggenstein, also belong to the entire Roggenstein complex .
Geographical location
The Burgstall is located on the eastern 550 m above sea level. NN high spur of a wooded, Ice Age moraine called Emmeringer Leite . The chapel stands on the eastern edge of his area. To the north of this lies the Roggenstein estate below the hill. The entire system is located entirely in the area of the municipality of Emmering, in the immediate vicinity of the municipality of Eichenau bordering it to the south . A few kilometers to the west are the two castles Gegenpoint and Engelsberg , as well as the Fürstenfeld monastery .
history
How the site was used before the castle was built is not clear. Some Roman body graves are said to have been discovered near the chapel in the 19th century, but nothing has survived. There is also no documentation about the find. Some Roman ceramic shards are also said to have been found on the slope between the castle stables and the estate.
The origin of the medieval castle complex is also uncertain. In the contemporary written sources in old Bavaria there is no noble or servant family with the nickname "von Roggenstein". It is also uncertain whether the complex was originally to be regarded as a Guelph ministerial castle or as a border fortification for the Wittelsbachers or the Counts of Dachau . The first news about the castle comes from the 14th century.
In 1317 Engelmar the Chuchenmaister ("kitchen master") and his wife Agnes von Gegenpoint are named as owners of the fortress. Agnes may have brought the castle into the marriage as a marriage good. Gegenpoint is only about three kilometers west on the Amperleite.
In 1347 the "Ruckenstain" belonged to the Eisenhofers. In 1361 Rudolf Preysinger von Wolnzach sold the castle to Heinrich Küchenmeister von Lochhausen. His widow Katharina finally sold the property with the associated Meierhof in 1371 to the Fürstenfeld monastery. At this time the castle was apparently already abandoned, as it is known as the "Burgstall". The monastery probably wanted to prevent the castle from being rebuilt by purchasing it. For this reason, the neighboring castle areas Gegenpoint and Engelsberg had been acquired and then removed.
The Gothic chapel of St. George was not built until 1400 on the small plateau between the former castle and the manor. It is not known whether there is a direct connection with the former castle chapel. The patronage of St. George indicates that the saint was the patron saint of numerous castle chapels. The favorable location between the castle and the Meierhof also suggests that the location of the original chapel is located here.
description
Only traces of the terrain and two trenches have survived from the high medieval section castle or spur castle . The chapel in its current form was only built after the castle was abandoned, the manor buildings date from the 19th century.
Burgstall
The two-part system (each around 30 × 40 m) is separated from the hinterland in the west by a six-meter-deep neck ditch . About 35 meters to the east, a second trench (depth about four meters) cuts through the hill spur. The terrain then drops over a step to a triangular plateau on which the chapel rises.
The steep slopes have partially slipped due to the progressive soil erosion , or in the northwest for material extraction (farm operation) have been partially excavated. Further west of the material pit is a plateau in front of it. Numerous footpaths run over the Burgstall, the use of which further adversely affects the population at risk from soil erosion.
The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation lists the ground monument as a medieval castle stable under monument number D 1-7833-0104.
Chapel of St. George
The chapel was built around 1400 as a rectangular hall building with an open bell cage above the east gable. The white-plastered brick building is only exposed to light through four small window openings. A stepped pointed arch portal on the north side enables access. A wrought iron grille is attached in front of the wooden door.
The interior is spanned by a simple beamed ceiling, the Gothic diamond ornamentation of which may not have been painted or renewed until the 19th century. However, the extensive fresco cycle of depictions of the Passion of Christ, which is one of the most important examples of medieval wall painting in Upper Bavaria, dates from the construction period .
Next to the entrance there is a larger than life representation of Christophorus . Above a painted drapery you can see, among other things, the capture, crucifixion and resurrection of the Savior Jesus Christ . On the front wall, St. George is fighting the dragon. The highly endangered paintings were secured in 1992/93 by means of an extensive renovation.
The old altar table, a block altar, has stood in front of the east wall again since 1970. The baroque high altar on the south wall is dated 1686 on the back. Two twisted columns frame the altarpiece with St. George. To the side there are groups of figures of St. Mary between Joachim and Anna and Jesus between Mary and Joseph (right).
Twelve oval Passion pictures from the second half of the 18th century hang under the simple wooden gallery in the west.
The renovation of the chapel and the restoration of the wall paintings are supervised by the Association for the Preservation of the Chapel of St. Georg Roggenstein , founded in 1969 . The association also makes the interior of the chapel regularly accessible. For the 50th anniversary of the chapel association in 2019, three information screens were installed in the center of Eichenau on the Rathauswiese, which reproduce the appearance of the chapel room of St. Georg. The side information boards provide information about lectures, benefit concerts, the medieval market and more.
Gut rye stone
The old Meierhof below the castle remained in the possession of the Fürstenfeld Monastery until 1803. Due to the secularization , the ownership of the monastery passed to the Bavarian state, which sold the entire property including the Meierhof Roggenstein far below the value for 130,000 guilders to the North Bohemian manufacturer Ignaz Leitenberger , from whom it was hoped that by setting up a calico factory he would make the structurally weak area would invigorate. In view of the poor economic situation due to the bad harvest of 1816 and the Napoleonic wars, Leitenberger sold the property back to the Bavarian state for 240,000 guilders in 1817. The Roggenstein dairy became a military foal farm which was subordinate to the Remonte depot. The simple residential and farm buildings that can still be seen today were built in the 19th century. After the First World War , the Wittelsbach Compensation Fund entered into the ownership rights. Since 1943, the estate has been in state ownership again and is affiliated with the Institute for Arable and Plant Production at the Technical University of Munich in Weihenstephan. After the turn of the millennium, the state experimental farm hit the headlines several times when several attacks were carried out on fields with genetically modified crops.
Erdstall
In the castle hill there is also an earth stable , which is probably not directly related to the high medieval complex. Its corridors were first documented around 1840 and are no longer accessible today. The entrances have been buried or locked.
According to old descriptions, the main tunnel is up to two meters high and runs from north to south about 100 meters across the mountain. A few side arms branch off from the main corridor, some of which can be reached through loopholes. The tunnel system was dug into the firm sandy soil of the moraine. The traditional findings correspond to comparable objects that are still accessible today. The pointed arched cross-section of the tunnels, which are located at different soil depths, is typically used for static reasons.
Say
The Burgstall Roggenstein is a legendary place of the three women who are often mentioned in German legends. It is said that on All Souls Day (2.11.) One hears singing and sees three virgin sisters walking around. Two are white and are walking ahead, the third is black and are following them with a black dog. In this context it is interesting that in 1524 St. Margarethe is named as the patroness of the chapel , who as one of the three Bavarian girls ( Barbara , Margarethe and Katharina ) belongs to the religious complex of ideas of the three holy women . A medieval portrait of the three has been preserved in fragments as a wall fresco in the chapel.
Another story is that the devil built the chapel. But it should not go back to a folk tale.
According to popular belief, the underground passages should have reached as far as the Fürstenfeld monastery .
literature
In the order of the year of publication.
- Alfred Rehm: The Georgskapelle von Roggenstein . In: Amperland - local history quarterly for the districts of Dachau, Freising and Fürstenfeldbruck - 5th year. Dachau 1969.
- Volker Liedke, Peter Weinzierl: Fürstenfeldbruck district (Monuments in Bavaria, Volume I.12). Munich 1996, ISBN 3-87490-574-8 .
- Hans H. Schmidt (Ed.): "Sunken castles" in the five-lake region between Ammersee and Isar - historical-archaeological reconstructions, working group for local history research in the Würm region, Gauting 2002.
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments: Bavaria IV: Munich and Upper Bavaria . 3. Edition. Munich - Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-422-03115-4 .
- Hejo Busley, Angelika Schuster-Fox, Michael Gumtau (eds.): History in the shadow of a big city. Eichenau 1907-2007. Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 2007.
- Ursula Mosebach: Burgstall Roggenstein, chapel and underground passages . In: Toni Drexler, Walter Irlinger, Rolf Marquardt (eds.): Fürstenfeldbruck district - archeology between Ammersee and Dachauer Moos . Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-2079-7 .
Web links
- Association for the Preservation of the Chapel St. Georg Roggenstein eV - Information on history, architecture, wall paintings and restoration of the chapel
- Chapel of St. Georg in Roggenstein - 3D images of the chapel. In: geo.bgu.tum.de .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans H. Schmidt (Ed.): "Sunken castles" in the five-lake region between Ammersee and Isar - historical-archaeological reconstructions, working group for local history research in the Würm region, Gauting 2002, 4-1
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation: Entry ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Association. Association for the Preservation of the St. Georg Roggenstein Chapel, accessed on October 2, 2013 .
- ^ Carl A. Hoffmann: Aspects of the social and economic change in the rural area of Old Bavaria. Shown using the example of the Bruck district in the 19th century. In: Zeitschrift für Bayerische Landesgeschichte , No. 54, 1991, pp. 435–488, pp. 444 f. On-line
- ↑ Roggenstein teaching and experimental farm. Technical University of Munich, accessed on October 2, 2013 .
- ↑ http://www.utzverlag.de/shop.php?bn=40717 accessed on March 3, 2014
- ↑ Pictures of this can be found, for example, in the history book History in the Shadow of a Big City. Eichenau 1907-2007
- ^ Friedrich Panzer : Bavarian sagas. Contribution to German mythology. 2 vol. Munich 1848 and 1855, vol. 1, p. 46 = legend no. 57
- ↑ Martin Deutinger: The older register of the diocese of Freising. Munich 1850, Vol. 3, p. 319
- ^ Günther Kapfhammer: The sagas (of the Fürstenfeldbruck district) - inventory and evaluation. In: The district of Fürstenfeldbruck. St. Ottilien 1992, ISBN 3980318907
- ↑ Jakob Groß: Chronicle of Fürstenfeldbruck (until 1878). Newly published by Otto Bauer, self-published in 1984, p. 45
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Castles and ruins: Alling Castle (dismissed) | Aufkirchen Castle (exited) | Dünzelbach Castle (exited) | Engelsberg Castle (exited) | Gegenpoint Castle (exited) | Haldenberg Castle (exited) | Roggenstein Castle (exited) | Rottbach Castle (exited) | Wildenroth Castle (exited)
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