Burgstall Althegnenberg

Burgstall Althegnenberg
The tower hill with the chapel of St. Maria
Creation time :	around 1192
Castle type :	Location, moth
Conservation status:	Burgstall, castle hill
Standing position :	Ministeriale
Place:	Althegnenberg
Geographical location	48 ° 14 '1.9 "  N , 11 ° 3' 54.3"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 14 '1.9 "  N , 11 ° 3' 54.3"  E

The Postal Althegnenberg denotes a Outbound castle in Althegnenberg in the district of Fürstenfeldbruck in Upper Bavaria . The high medieval tower mound (Motte) of the core castle has had a baroque chapel since the 17th century .

history

The castle stable from the west

View into the former moat

Burgstall

A local nobility "von Hegnenberg" is already detectable among the Guelphs . Engelschalk and Hermann von Hegnenberg appear in the written sources in 1192. The family should originally come from Schmalegg near Ravensburg ( Upper Swabia ). After the death of the last Guelph, the Guelph estates on Lechrain came to the Dukes of Bavaria via the Staufer . The area fell to the dukes after the last Staufer Konradin was beheaded in Naples .

Around 1260 the family's property was split up as part of an inheritance division. From then on Konrad von Hegnenberg called himself "von Haldenberg" after his small castle near Mammendorf ( Burgstall Haldenberg ), but moved to the Lechrain north of Landsberg am Lech around 1268 . The new, larger castle was also named "Haldenberg" ( Holdberg Castle ). This new castle was certainly built as a border castle to secure the western border of the Wittelsbach territory.

His brother Hermann kept the family seat. Another family branch was enfeoffed with the rule Wildenroth ( Burgstall Wildenroth ).

Around 1300 the local lords left their small castle on the outskirts and built a new fortress on a ridge about four kilometers to the west . This castle was called Neu- or Hofhegnenberg and also moved the ducal care court. Remains of this medieval castle complex ( keep ) have been preserved in the masonry of Hofhegnenberg Castle, which is still inhabited today.

In 1399 a source mentions a "perglein" in Althegnenberg.

Philipp Apian marked the place on his "Landtafel" in 1568 with the stylized representation of a residential tower with a stepped gable and extension.

The 19th century interpreted the small castle in a typical way as a Roman fortification. In the "Upper Bavarian Archive for Patriotic History, Volume 1, 1839" a "Römerthurm und Castrum" is even assumed in Althegnenberg. The tower hill was " the strongest point or the actual reduit of the whole (Roman) fortification of this place " (Oberbayerisches Archiv, 3, 1841)

chapel

The abandoned castle stable in the valley was crowned by a small church building from 1676. Baron Peter von Hegnenberg-Dux has been handed down as the founder . Since 1540 the family had owned the Hofmark Hegnenberg, comprising seven villages .

The former chapel of St. Maria originally consisted only of an octagon with an attached chancel. This original place of worship goes back to the model of the Altöttinger Gnadenkapelle. However, it was not actually designed as a pilgrimage chapel, but served to commemorate the deceased members of the von Hegnenberg-Dux family. Nevertheless, a regionally significant pilgrimage developed here , which lasted until the early 20th century. The lords of the court had set up a chapel foundation for the maintenance of the building.

In 1762/63 the nave and the tower were added. The expansion was necessary because of the strong pilgrimage. For reasons of cost, however, the original expansion plans had to be reduced. A surviving design shows a stretched oval extension, a simple, rectangular extension was implemented. In 1845 the sacred building was thoroughly renovated, which still characterizes the interior today.

In 1883 the high altar was redesigned and the two side altars were probably created. For this purpose, parts of the old altars were certainly reused, which is why the Dehio manual dates the side altars to the 18th century.

Further renovation work was carried out in 1910, 1980 (exterior construction), 1982/85 and 1992.

Since 1947 the Evangelical Lutheran parish has been using the church building on the castle hill, which was finally acquired in 1993 by the Althegnenberg community.

description

Burgstall

The tower hill is still surrounded by remains of the former ditch in the southwest (partially reconstructed). The moat is said to have completely enclosed the castle hill in 1920 and was filled with water. Only in 1938 was the site filled with demolition material from the old parish church.

The plateau of the approximately six to seven meter high cone is approximately 15 × 25 meters in size. In the west, a modern wooden bridge spans the moat, which has been converted into a green area. A short staircase gives access to the chapel portal on the north side of the church.

From the outer ward no remains have become more obtained by the subsequent superstructure. It was probably located west of the main castle on the grounds of the "Jakerbauernhof". The current approach corresponds approximately to the historical situation.

The Burgstall is the only surviving example of a high medieval moth in the Augsburg area . Such small ministerial castles were found in numerous places in the region in the High Middle Ages. Moths on the ridges of the hills have survived considerably more numerous. Some of these systems can be assigned to the noble genders. Only about 10 kilometers west overlying Kissing such a castle on the Lechrain ( Postal Kissing ). A pilgrimage chapel was also built there in the 17th century on the tower hill.

The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation lists the Burgstall as a medieval tower hill under monument number D 1-7732-007.

"Mountain Chapel"

The former pilgrimage chapel of St. Maria consists of the remainder of the original octagon designed by the Vorarlberg builder Jobst Mospruckher (Moosbrugger) and the simple nave that was added to the west in 1762/63. A slender tower with a pointed helmet towers over the church to the north of the chorooctagon. The exterior is only structured by the window openings and large arched panels on the choir. The choir and nave are covered by a shared, tiled gable roof.

The interior is usually locked. The current space from 1845 could be exposed and supplemented during a renovation between 1982 and 1985.

The high altar dates from the third quarter of the 18th century. Like the two side altars (probably 19th century) it shows rococo shapes and is painted in white. In the center is a replica of the Altöttinger Madonna of Mercy. The oil paintings on the side altars were created by the Munich master Bonifaz Locher in 1913/14 as a replacement for two oil prints. Above it, alliance coats of arms of the Hegnenberg-Dux-Gebsattel families point to the later creation of the side altars. The sculptural equipment was significantly reduced when the chapel was sold to the community. The sculptures remained in the possession of the von Gebsattel lords, who have owned the Hegnenberg estate since the 19th century.

See also : List of German hill towers

literature

• Althegnenberg - Hörbach: Contributions to the history of the Althegnenberg community . Althegnenberg 1996.
• Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments : Bavaria IV: Munich and Upper Bavaria . 3rd edition, Munich and Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-422-03115-4 .
• Toni Drexler: Althegnenberg: the castle stable and two medieval memorial stones . In: Toni Drexler, Walter Irlinger, Rolf Marquardt (eds.): Fürstenfeldbruck district - archeology between Ammersee and Dachauer Moos (guide to archaeological monuments in Germany, volume 48). Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-2079-7 .
• Volker Liedke, Peter Weinzierl: Fürstenfeldbruck district (Monuments in Bavaria, Volume I.12). Munich 1996, ISBN 3-87490-574-8 .
• Helmut Rischert: Castle stables in the Aichach-Friedberg district (local history contributions from the Augsburg area, 1). Augsburg 1975.

Web links

Commons : Burgstall Althegnenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation: Entry