Burgstall Kissing

Burgstall Kissing
The tower hill with the chapel from the 17th century
Creation time :	around the year 1000
Castle type :	Niederungsburg, moth
Conservation status:	Disappeared, tower hill received
Place:	Kissing
Geographical location	48 ° 17 '37.3 "  N , 10 ° 59' 22.7"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 17 '37.3 "  N , 10 ° 59' 22.7"  E
Height:	520  m above sea level NN

The Burgstall Kissing is a high medieval tower hill castle (Motte) on the Lechleite southeast of Altkissing ( district Aichach-Friedberg / administrative region Swabia ) in southern Bavaria .

A baroque pilgrimage chapel was built on the plateau of the main castle in the 17th century . The northern outer bailey was redesigned in the 19th and 20th centuries as a way of the cross and a war memorial.

history

The small tower-hill castle was probably built around 1000 and was the seat of the Lords of Kissing , who were first mentioned in 1085 with Adalbero de Chissingin .

At that time, the area around Kissing was largely owned by the Guelphs (1070–1180 dukes of Bavaria), who were able to use the area around Kissing and Mering , located right outside the gates of the episcopal city of Augsburg , as an ideal starting point for their attacks on the territory of the bishops. Welf IV succeeded in taking Augsburg in 1084, 1088 and 1093. The large, originally Guelph Castle Mergenthau is only three kilometers north on the Lechleite (today Schlossgut).

In the midst of this Guelph property, the noble Kissingen lords of the castle sat on their rather modest castle. The unfavorable location in the direct sphere of influence of the mighty Welfs and the bishopric of Augsburg may have made further territorial expansion of this family impossible.

The castle was probably abandoned in the High Middle Ages, but the remains of material that were found indicate a stone extension (around 1200) of the structures originally started as a wooden or half-timbered construction. The reasons for the abandonment of the castle are in the dark, and there are no records of the further history of the lords' family.

As early as 1498, written sources speak of the "Burgkstal" Kissing, the inner surface of the outer bailey then served as a field (on the Nideren Burgstal).

In 1907 the parish redesigned the outer bailey as a way of the cross and a calvary . The cast iron stations of the cross were, however, set up at the end of the 19th century.

In 1922, a memorial was erected in the middle for the fallen and missing of the First World War . Since 1956, the memorial has also commemorated the victims of the Second World War .

description

The castle on the Lechleite , in the background the parish church of St. Stephan

The castle stables are located above the castle mill on the Lechrain, south of the parish church. The steep Erdkegel the main castle 's north a little, by a moderately deep section ditch separated bailey in front, the outer trenches have survived deep today about 1.5 to 3 meters. Another, larger outer bailey seems to have been upstream to the south. The formerly probably flat plateau now drops to the west due to the earth flow. The outer trenches are filled.

The tower hill is about eight meters high and has the shape of a truncated pyramid, the summit plateau measures about 12 by 18 meters. The height difference to the valley floor of the Lechfeld is almost 30 meters here. Even today, the castle hill grants a comprehensive all-round view, in the south you can see the alpine chain from Kufstein to Vorarlberg when the visibility is good, in the northwest lies nearby Augsburg, in the west the Augsburg-Western Forests nature park limits the view. To the east are small, old Bavarian villages between the rolling hills.

In the High Middle Ages, the earth cone of the main castle was surrounded halfway up by a wall with probably four bastions, as aerial photos ( Otto Braasch , 1981) clearly show. The eruption points of the foundations of the two southern bastions are clearly visible from the subsurface. The tower hill is separated from the plateau by the ditch , while the steep slope offered sufficient protection to the west.

Due to the good preservation of its earthworks and the unrestricted accessibility, the small castle complex is one of the most vivid examples of a high moth in southern Germany. The tower-like chapel built in place of the main tower also gives an impression of the visual impact of such an early aristocratic castle.

There are a few more high medieval tower hills in the vicinity. The remains of such a castle complex ( Burgstall Fuchsberg ) have been preserved on the Fuchsberg only a few hundred meters north . On the outskirts of the Bachern, which is six kilometers to the east, there is even a counterpart of the Kissinger earth cone on a ridge ( Burgstall Bachern ).

The Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments lists the ground monument as a medieval castle stable under the monument number D 7-7731-0003.

The Burgstall Chapel

The Burgstall Chapel

The spacious plateau of the main castle was built over from 1681 by order of the Jesuits with the cross-shaped castle chapel dedicated to the Sorrowful Mother of God . The plans for the new building are sometimes attributed to the Munich master Giovanni Antonio Viscardi . The church was consecrated as one of the first baroque buildings in the area in 1685.

The domed baroque building replaced an older place of worship, mentioned in 1641 as a column of torture. A part of the accompanying brick wayside shrine was integrated into the canteen of the chapel altar.

The baroque altar with the miraculous image is separated from the lay room by a magnificent, wrought-iron grille (1751). The original image of grace burned in 1790, today's Sorrowful Mother of God is a replica from the 19th century (around 1860). The double-column altar of grace is the work of the Augsburg court sculptor Ignatius Verhelst (around 1762). The two Gothic statues (around 1658/59) of Saints Stephen and Laurentius , which originally stood in the nearby parish church, are remarkable . The figures are attributed to David Degler from Weilheim in Upper Bavaria. However, the author of the new Kissinger church leader published in 2007 dates the two figures to the early 16th century.

The chapel was later changed several times and provided with galleries inside . Reasons for these changes were the growing influx of pilgrims and a fire after a lightning strike in 1790. The Wessobrunn stucco from the time of construction was supplemented around 1731 by banding. The frescoes (around 1735) show, among other things, the "Annunciation" and the "Flight into Egypt".

Some break-ins and thefts have come down to us from the 18th and 19th centuries. At times a guard even had to spend the night on the gallery.

Between 1982 and 1984 the church, which was in acute danger of collapse, was extensively renovated and is mostly open during the day. The renovation of the Kissingen landmark could only be carried out with the voluntary help of committed citizens. A total of 2772 volunteer helper hours were provided.

The entrance to the chapel is a three-arched brick staircase, under the first arch there is an older crypt chapel with a baroque statue of "Christ on the Scourge Column" by Joh. Caspar Öberle (1743).

See also : List of German hill towers

literature

• Matthias Graf: History of the Hofmark Kissing at the couple. A local historical study (revised and edited by Adelheid Hoechstetter-Müller 2008). Augsburg 2008. ISBN 978-3-89639-632-7 .
• Sebastian Hiereth: The district courts Friedberg and Mering. (Hist. Atlas of Bavaria, part of Swabia, volume 1). Munich 1952.
• Churches of the parish of Kissing . Schnell Kunstführer, 1654. - Munich, 1st edition 1987
• Kissing: past and present . Kissing 1983.
• Hans Merkl: Churches and chapels of the parish of Kissing . (Peda-Kunstführer, No. 670) Passau 2007, ISBN 978-3-89643-670-2 .

Picture gallery

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  The northern outer bailey with the Way of the Cross and the war memorial

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  Cast iron stations of the cross on the outer bailey (1885)

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  View to the south into the ditch of the tower hill, ditch depth about two to two and a half meters

• 

  The main castle with the pilgrimage chapel

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  The Burgstall from the south

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  View into the dome of the chapel

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  Lattice and altar of grace

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  St. Stephen at the altar of grace

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  The 2008 Christmas crib in the chapel

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  Burgstall Kissing with a view of Alt-Kissing

Web links

Commons : Burgstall Kissing  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Commons : Chapel for Our Lady of Sorrows Kissing  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation: Entry ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.