Burgstall Mühlhausen

Burgstall Mühlhausen
	Burgstall Mühlhausen - The moat of the outer bailey to the northwest
Creation time :	probably 12th century
Castle type :	Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status:	Burgstall
Standing position :	Ministeriale
Place:	Affing -Mühlhausen
Geographical location	48 ° 26 '39.9 " N , 10 ° 56' 9.1" E Coordinates: 48 ° 26 '39.9 " N , 10 ° 56' 9.1" E
Height:	515 m above sea level NN

Burgstall behind the parish church

The Postal Mulhouse (Karlberg, Castle Hill) denotes an Outbound Höhenburg to 515 m above sea level. NN about 200 meters north of the parish church of Mühlhausen ( Affing community , Aichach-Friedberg district , Swabia ) on the Lechrain . From the High Middle ministerials - Castle just who earthworks received.

history

The castle was probably built in the 12th century as the seat of a Wittelsbach family . The terrain features and earthworks visible today offer the typical image of such a high-medieval ministerial castle .
Around 1150 a Pertholdus de Mulenhusen appears in the code of tradition of the St. Ulrich and Afra monastery in Augsburg .
Up to 1217 four namesake can be assigned to the castle.
Between 1230 and 1270 the leasable office (officium) Mühlhausen was established, which consisted of 15 farms , 3 hubs , a manor , 2 mills and a Schwaige in 10 localities. There were also bailiwicks in 10 places.
Around 1270 a Marschalk von Schiltberg was the owner of the Mühlhausen nursing home . After the death of the childless Berthold von Schiltberg (1284), the fiefdom reverted to the dukes . The office remained, however.
In 1310 the office fell to the Ingolstadt part of Duke Ludwig when the Vitztumamt was divided .

In 1320 a Konrad is mentioned as a castle keeper (super castro Mulhausen).

1329 in the house contract of Pavia the fortress was struck for the share of Emperor Ludwig .

In 1388 the Augsburgers stormed the castle during the " city war " and devastated the surrounding area. 10 Bavarian subjects are said to have died here.

In 1392 Mühlhausen belonged to the Ingolstadt region of Duke Stephen III. After its destruction, the facility appears to have been at least partially restored.

In 1405 the dukes pledged the "Veste Mühlhausen am Lech " for 1,000 florins to the Lords of Burgau .

Around 1415/20 the " Glory of Mühlhausen" came to the newly formed Friedberg Regional Court .
In 1416 the last nurse was convicted of embezzlement of goods before the Friedberg district court . At that time the Burgauer were in feud with the Ingolstadt duke . One member of this family was beheaded in Lauingen in 1416 . Probably the castle was finally abandoned and then served the farmers in the area as a welcome quarry .

In 1821 a small Roman fort or a watchtower was suspected on the Schlossberg .

In 1895 the medieval character of the castle stables was recognized, but an older fortification was not ruled out at this point. Due to the strategically favorable location of the castle on the Lechrain in front of the gates of the city of Augsburg, such a predecessor system seems entirely plausible. However, there is little evidence in the area of an older - for example early medieval - protective castle . However, between Thierhaupten and Mering , there are some alleged Hungarian fortifications of different sizes on the Lechleite at regular intervals . The Mühlhausen castle site would fit in well with this fortification system .

In the 19th and 20th centuries, the ground monument was affected by a large gravel pit . The material pit extends to the moat of the main castle . The southern part of the outer bailey fell completely victim to the dismantling.

In 1975 the Burgstall was measured and topographically recorded by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (Eugen Ixmeier).

Around 1995 the east wall of the outer bailey was pierced when a timber removal route was laid in the ditch . The gap was partially filled again later, but is still clearly recognizable.

description

The main castle's neck ditch up to 6.5 meters deep

Northwestern Vorwerk under the main castle cone

View from the plateau of the main castle to the northeast to the outer castle

The Burgstall lies on the edge of a foothill of the Lechleite that juts west into the Lech Valley . The terrain drops off very steeply here.

The approximately triangular main castle (approx. 38 × 38 meters) is secured in the south and east by a neck ditch up to 6.5 meters deep . Excavation traces, piles of rubble and remains of roof tiles tell of the earlier development of the interior. Some remains of the foundation wall just below the surface consist of smaller bricks (6.5 centimeters thick). In addition, there are mortared brook pebbles as building material.

A rectangular outer bailey is presented to the east , which is surrounded by an angular double wall with an approximately three meter deep trench in between . In the southeast, the large former gravel pit is pushed into the castle area.

Another Vorwerk can be seen in the northwest on the slope edge. The tongue-shaped, about 65 meters long plateau is protected in the east by a shallow ditch. Further to the east, another outwork jumps out of the slope. A short piece of rampart was also placed in front of the oval terrace in the north. Certainly the original castle path ran between these outer works. This way security could be an indication of an early medieval predecessor castle. The ring wall in Ottmaringer Holz near Kissing, interpreted as a Hungarian period , has a similar gate security . This weir system is located about 12 kilometers south on the Lechleite.

The Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation lists the ground monument as a medieval castle stable under monument number D 7-7531-0051.

The five castles of Affing

The Mühlhausen fortress is only one of five castle sites in the Affing community , all of which date from the high Middle Ages. The castles in Affing (today Affing Castle ) and Iglbach were in the “ Affinger Becken ”, one was southeast of Haunswies and the castles in Mühlhausen and Miedering were on the Lechrain . The legendary “Goldburg” of Mühlhausen (at today's sports grounds of TSV Mühlhausen) was probably a wood on the “Goldberg”. The Lords of Mühlhausen are said to have buried their treasures here before the castle was destroyed.

literature

Helmut Rischert: Castle stables in the Aichach-Friedberg district . Local history articles from the Augsburg area, 1st row, Augsburg 1975.
Helmut Rischert: The castles in the Affing community . In: Aichach-Friedberg district (ed.): Altbayern in Schwaben 2007 . Reports and research results from the Aichach-Friedberg district, Matthäus Günther Verlag, Friedberg 2007, pp. 27–46.
Irmgard Hillar: Medieval fortifications or castle stables in the Aichach-Friedberg district . In: Aichach-Friedberg district (ed.): Altbayern in Schwaben - Aichach-Friedberg district 1984–1987 . Aichach 1987, ISSN 0178-2878 , p. 227.
Aichach-Friedberg district (ed.): The five castles in the Affing community . Archaeological monuments in the district of Aichach-Friedberg No. 6, leaflet on the “ Open Monument Day ”, text: Helmut Rischert, Aichach 2006.
MGW: Only one ground monument remained of the proud castle. Notice board: Few citizens can relate to the term "Burg Mühlhausen" . Aichacher Nachrichten of August 2, 2008, No. 179. (with castle map)

Web links

The castle in Mühlhausen - (Grabler)
Map of the Burgstall north of the church - (BayernViewer)

Individual evidence

↑ Entry by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[1] Entry by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2