Jewish community of Ittlingen

There is evidence of a Jewish community in Ittlingen since the 17th century. This rural Jewish community had its largest membership in 1887 with 158 people. Unlike in neighboring Jewish communities, the number of members only declined at the beginning of the 20th century.

history

After the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), the lords of the lords of Gemmingen and the Grecken von Kochendorf allowed the settlement of Jews. For the first time the Jud Marx is mentioned in the sources 1663/64. In 1697 there were already eight Jewish families living there. The imperial knighthood landlords received regular payments from their “protection Jews” ( Judenregal ). After Ittlingen came to Baden in 1806 , the Jewish community was assigned to the Sinsheim district rabbinate in 1827 . The children attended the Protestant school and received Jewish religious instruction from a teacher who was also employed as prayer leader and schochet .

synagogue

Ittlingen Synagogue (photo taken between 1960 and 1962), photo at the Baden-Württemberg State Archives

A synagogue had existed since 1686 at the latest and was replaced by a new synagogue. This was created in 1805 in Mühlgasse. The synagogue was destroyed in the pogrom night in November 1938 and demolished that same year.

National Socialist Persecution

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 19 Jewish citizens born in Ittlingen who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Community development

year	Parishioners	in% of the total population
1825	86	7.4% of 1157 inhabitants
around 1858	176
1871	139
1875	124	8.6% of 1443 inhabitants
1887	158
1900	113	8.1% of 1393 inhabitants
1910	77	5.5% of 1394 inhabitants
around 1925	50	3.6% of 1400 inhabitants

Common names

When all Jews in the Grand Duchy of Baden had to adopt hereditary surnames in 1809, the 15 heads of the Ittlingen Jews' heads adopted the following names: Wimpfheimer (7), Weil (3), Brüsler (1), Eichtersheimer (1), Karlsruher (1), Ladenburger ( 1) and Mannheimer (1).

Memorials

The memorial plaque is on the square of the former synagogue in Ittlingen

The war memorial in the local cemetery records six Jewish men who lost their lives for Germany during the First World War . A memorial plaque is attached to the square of the former synagogue.

Personalities

Kurt Wimpfheimer (born 1915 in Ittlingen) was cantor and teacher in Worms from 1936 to 1938 . After emigrating to the USA in 1938, he taught as a university professor for many years. 18 relatives of his named Wimpfheimer are buried in the Jewish district cemetery in Eppingen.

graveyard

Until the establishment of the Jewish cemetery in Eppingen in 1818/1819, the Jews from Ittlingen were buried in Waibstadt and in the Jewish cemetery in Heinsheim . A total of 73 burials from Ittlingen between 1826 and 1887 are documented in Eppingen. Since 1887 the Jewish community of Ittlingen had its own cemetery in the Richener Bühl corridor , in what is now the Bergstrasse residential area. 58 gravestones are documented; the last burial took place in 1938.

literature

• Ralf Bischoff and Reinhard Hauke ​​(eds.): The Jewish cemetery in Eppingen. A documentation . 2nd Edition. Heimatfreunde Eppingen , Eppingen 1996 ( Around the Ottilienberg. Contributions to the history of the city of Eppingen and its surroundings . Volume 5).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger : Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial Book of the Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4), pp. 227–229.
2. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved October 29, 2009.