Synagogue (Tauberbischofsheim)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Former synagogue of the Tauberbischofsheim Jewish community in Bachgasse with a noticeably high entrance area

The former synagogue in Tauberbischofsheim (formerly Bischofsheim ) in the Main-Tauber district was built around 1720 to 1740 and existed until the November pogrom in 1938 . Nothing is known of medieval, Jewish facilities or a previous building, but given the size of the former Jewish community Tauberbischofsheim , in all probability a synagogue already existed in the Middle Ages. From 1850 to 1864 the Tauberbischofsheim synagogue was temporarily assigned to the Tauberbischofsheim District Rabbinate, before and after that to the Wertheim District Rabbinate .

history

The former Tauberbischofsheim synagogue was built in the 18th century around 1720 to 1740. Around 1730 the residence of a rabbi in the city is also known. The synagogue building (today's address: Bachgasse 9) was a three-story building. This stretched from Bachgasse to Gerbergasse and until 1879 also housed a Jewish school and a teacher's / cantor's apartment, which were moved to the Jewish community hall (today's address: Hauptstrasse 72) after 1879. The Jewish community sold the synagogue building in need of renovation on September 1, 1879 to the community member Samuel Heimann for 4,000  marks , but secured the right to use the prayer room . The prayer room was extensively renovated from 1922 to 1923.

Memorial plaque in the town hall of Tauberbischofsheim for “the Jewish fellow citizens expelled and murdered by injustice and tyranny” of the city from 1933 to 1945

Until the November pogrom of 1938, when the interior of the synagogue was demolished and burned on the market square, the synagogue served as the center of worship for the Jews who were still living in Tauberbischofsheim and the surrounding villages (in the Jewish communities of Dittigheim , Hochhausen and Impfingen ). The narrow buildings in Bachgasse prevented the Tauberbischofsheim synagogue from being set on fire by the National Socialists.

On February 29, 1940, the city of Tauberbischofsheim acquired the synagogue with the 1.62 a large property for 2,000  RM . The purchase price was transferred to the Reich Association of Jews in Germany after approval by the Tauberbischofsheim District Office and the Foreign Exchange Office . The building was initially used as a prisoner-of-war camp before it was rented to the owner of a men's clothing factory on June 22, 1943.

In 1945 the Allies confiscated the former synagogue building and handed it over to the Jewish Asset Management (JRSO). Since the sale of the house in 1940 was declared invalid under Law No. 59 of the American Military Government , since the sale was then under Nazi pressure, negotiations between the city and the JRSO began in May 1949 regarding the building. On April 5, 1950, the JRSO finally sold the building to private individuals. After being converted for residential purposes, it is still used as a residential building to this day. A plaque commemorates the former synagogue today.

literature

  • Franz Gehrig , Hermann Müller: Tauberbischofsheim . Association of Tauberfränkische Heimatfreunde e. V., Tauberbischofsheim 1997, pp. 285-297 (VIII. The Jews of Tauberbischofsheim).
  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 3: Ochtrup - Zwittau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08079-6 ( online version ).
  • Joachim Hahn , Jürgen Krüger : Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 , ( Memorial Book of the Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4), pp. 7–9.

Web links

Commons : Synagoge (Tauberbischofsheim)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Until the 19th century the name of the city was "Bischofsheim". In order to better distinguish between the towns of Bischofsheim am Neckar and Bischofsheim am Hohe Steg, however, the current name "Tauberbischofsheim" finally became established around 1850.
  2. a b c d e Alemannia Judaica: Jewish community Tauberbischofsheim, Main-Tauber district, Jewish history, prayer room / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  3. ^ Alemannia Judaica: Dittigheim (town of Tauberbischofsheim, Main-Tauber district) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  4. ^ Alemannia Judaica: Hochhausen (city of Tauberbischofsheim, Main-Tauber district) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  5. Alemannia Judaica: Impfingen (city of Tauberbischofsheim, Main-Tauber district) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved January 23, 2017.

Coordinates: 49 ° 37 ′ 21 "  N , 9 ° 39 ′ 51.7"  E